PROBAMAT-21st Century: Probabilities and Materials

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3. High Technology - Vol. 46

PROBAMAT-21st Century: Probabilities and Materials

Tests, Models and Applications for the 21 st Century

edited by

George N. Frantziskonis Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A.

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on PROBAMAT-21st Century: Probabilities and Materials Tests, Models and Applications for the 21 st Century Perm, Russia September 10-12, 1997

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-6196-4 ISBN 978-94-011-5216-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5216-7

Printed on acid-free paper

AII Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht OriginallY published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo­copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE - G.N. FRANTZISKONIS Purpose and Workshop outcome

PART I - Contributions

CHAPTER 1. Material structure, description and applications

A. HANSEN and P.c. HEMMER Simultaneous failures in fiber bundles

A.A. SHANYAVSKII Synergetical models of fatigue-surface appearance in metals: the scale levels of self-organization, the rotation effects, and density

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of fracture energy II

M. BORRI-BRUNETTO, A. CARPINTERI and B. CHIAIA Lacunarity of the contact domain between elastic bodies with rough boundaries - Numerical analysis and scale effects 45

P. CASTERA How far can we control the heterogeneity of wood and wood based materials through design? 65

A. TAN GUY, M. GOUNELLE and S. ROUX Crack roughness

L.R. BOTVINA Common characteristics of damage accumulation and fracture of solids

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93

VI

CHAPTER 2. Scaling, fracture and applications

D. BREYSSE Mechanical response of disordered media/patterns, measurements and modelling 109

O.B. NAIMARK, M.M. DAVYDOVA and O.A. PLECHOV Failure scaling as multiscale instability in defect ensemble

1. LAMON and N. LISSART A statistical-probabilistic approach to microstructure-structure relations in failure and damage of ceramic composites

A.I. MALKIN Kinetic models of brittle crack growth: crack pattern statistics and

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143

longevity of solids 161

T. CHELIDZE, Y. GUEGUEN and M. LE RAVALEC From classic to fractal mechanics of disordered media: self-consistency versus self-similarity

CHAPTER 3. Structures and structural components

D. JEULIN Probabilistic models of structures

R. RACKWlTZ and S. GOLLWlTZER A new model for inter-fibre-failure ofhigh-strenght uni­directionally reinforced plastics and its reliability implications

M. BlLY Probabilistic approach to dimensioning of structures exposed to stochastic operating loads

A. HALDAR and 1. HUH Modeling of material uncertainties using the nonlinear stochastic

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233

259

275

finite element method 299

v.v. MOSHEY, L.A. GOLOTINA, O.K. GARISHIN and L.L. KOZHEVNIKOVA

Structural approach in contimuun modeling of damageable particulate composites 311

M. LEMAIRE Finite element and reliability: combined methods by response surface

H. MIHASHI and N. ITAGAKl Probabilistic design of performance in glued laminated timber

CHAPTER 4. Numerics, simulation techniques and design processes

F. BONTEMPI and F. CASCIATI . Scale effect for concrete specimens: a numerical model.- Numerical

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333

modelling of concrete elements of increasing size 347

G.N. FRANTZISKONIS and M.P. BLODGETT Multiscale material characterization and applications 367

L. FARAVELLI and L. PETRINI Probailistic aspects in shape memory alloy modelling -Constitutive law for energy dissipators 379

K.SAB Homogenization of random granular media 393

1.G.M VAN MIER and A. VERVUURT Towards quantitatively correct micromechanics models 405

CHAPTER 5. Porous and granular media

Y. DI FEDERICO and S.P. NEUMAN Multiscale permeability and dispersion in randomly heterogeneous geologic media 419

G.AUVINET Probabilistic modeling of granular media anisotropy

1.L. FAVRE, 1. BIAREZ and F. HACHI A unique model for the sand and clay behavior

C. CHERUBINI and Y.R. GRECO A comparison between "measured" and "calculated" values in geotechnics - An application to settlements

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481

"111

L.L. MISHNAEVSKY JR and S. SCHMAUDER Informational methods in optimization of tools

CHAPTER 6. Fracture, fatigue

K. DOLINSKI Stochastic modeling of fatigue crack growth in metals

P.v. TRUSOV, I.E. KELLER and A.V. KLUEV Two plasticity models considering micromechanics of observed phenomena

V.S. KUKSENKO, N.G. TOMILIN and E.E. DAMASKINSKAYA Statistical kinetics of fracture of heterogeneous solids

M. ZAISER, M. AVLONITIS and E.C. AIFANTIS Deterministic and stochastic aspects of strain localization in the fatigue of metals

PART II - Synthetic papers and round table discussions

S. ROUX Scales!

D. JEULIN Introductory remarks to session C: structures and structural components

D. BREYSSE About the use of probabilities in material response prediction and

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531

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557

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material design 585

L.L. MISHNAEVSKY Jr. Natural materials and composites 595

F. CASCIATI Crack growth and damage accumulation - A review of five papers for PROBAMAT - 21st CENTURY 601

Round Tables 605

Index 613

PREFACE

There are numerous technological materials - such as metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, and many others - that vary in properties and serviceability. However, the almost universal common theme to most real materials is that their properties depend on the scale at which the analysis or observation takes place and at each scale "probabilities" play an important role. Here the word "probabilities" is used in a wider than the classical sense. In order to increase the efficiency and serviceability of these materials, researchers from NATO, CP and other countries were brought together to exchange knowledge and develop avenues for progress and applications in the 21st century.

The workshop began by reviewing progress in the subject area over the past few years and by identifying key questions that remain open. One point was how to observe/measure material properties at different scales and whether a probabilistic approach, at each scale, was always applicable and advantageous. The wide range of materials, from wood to advanced metals and from concrete to complex advanced composites, and the diversity of applications, e.g. fatigue, fracture, deformation, etc., were recognized as "obstacles" in identifying a "universal" approach.

The hierarchical nature of materials and implications to modeling, testing, and applications were discussed extensively. Modern mathematical tools such as wavelet analysis, intersection methods for random sets, truncated series expansion of random fields, showed considerable promise in "attacking" the multiscale nature of materials in modeling and in testing. Multiscaling was also discussed within the context of nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, the concepts of scaling and criticality and their applicability in material science created interesting points of view.

Presentations addressed several materials, i.e. wood, concrete, various metals, composites, ceramics, and porous geological media. Most lectures presented both experimental and analytical/numerical results. Few were purely theoretical, e.g. on homogenization of media, and few purely numerical, e.g. modeling scale effects in concrete structures. The possibility of identifying

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common "points" between various approaches towards modeling different materials was discussed.

In short, the NATO ARW meeting was a great success. Discussions followed each presentation, and extensive round tables were held at the end of each day. What has been accomplished in the subject area over the past few years was clear, and hints about where we are heading, i.e. in the 21st century, were the result of the discussions. An important outcome was the general recognition that the disciplines of Physics, Materials, and Mathematics need to be bridged further. Cross disciplinary efforts were identified as important for further progress in the subject area.

September, 1997 George N. Frantziskonis

Acknowledgments

It is a pleasant duty to thank the members of the Scientific Committee and of the Local Organizing Committee for their contribution before, during, and after the Workshop. Many thanks to NATO, the Russian Fund for Basic Research, and the University of Arizona for supporting the Workshop.

Scientific Organizing Committee

Prof. George N. Frantziskonis, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

Prof. Oleg Naimark, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia

Prof. Denys Breysse, Centre de Developpement de Geosciences Appliquees, Univ. Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultes, 33405 Telence Cedex, FRANCE

Dr. Leon Mishnaevsky Jr., State Material Testing Institute (MPA), University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, GERMANY

Prof. Fabio Casciati, Dip. di Meccanica Strutturale, Via Abbiategrasso, 211, 27110 Pavia, ITALY

Local Organizing Committee

M.Davydova O.Plechov

L.Filimonova S.Uvarov

D.Eremeev D.Naldaev V. Kolot

M.Sokovikov V.Kudrjashov V. Barannikov

V.Leont'ev.

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Contributors to This Volume

E.C. AIFANTIS, Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials, Aristotle University, 54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Gabriel AUVINET, Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510 MEXICO D.F.

M. A VLONITIS, Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials, Aristotle University, 54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

I. BIAREZ, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malarby, FRANCE

Ludmila BOTVINA, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy, 49 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow RUSSIA

Matthew BIL Y, Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, 75 Racianska, 83606 Bratislava SWV AKIA

Mark BWDGETT, WIJMLLP, Wright-Patterson AFB, 2230 Tenth St. Ste 1, Bldg. 655, Area B, Ohio 45433-7817 USA

F. BONTEMPI, Dip. di Mecanica Strutturale, Via Abbiategrasso, 211, 27100 Pavia ITALY

M. BORRI-BRUNETTO, Dip. Ingenieria StrutturaIe, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino ITALY

Denys BREYSSE, Centre de Developpement de Geosciences Appliquees, Univ. Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultes, 33405 Telence Cedex, FRANCE

Fabio CASCIATI, Dip. di Mecanica Strutturale, Via Abbiategrasso, 211, 27100 Pavia ITALY

Alberto CARPINTERI, Dip. Ingenieria Strutturale, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino ITALY

Patrick CASTERA, LRBB, Domaine de l'Hermitage, BP 10,33610 CESTAS Gazinet, FRANCE

T. CHELIDZE, Institute of Geophysics, 1. Alexidze str, 380093, Thilisi. GEORGIA Claudio CHERUBINI, Instituto di geologia applicata e geotecnica, Via Re David, 200,

70125 Bari ITALY Bernandino CHIAIA, Dip. Ingenieria StrutturaIe, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129

Torino ITALY E. DAMASKINSKA YA, A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy

of Sciences, K-21, Polytechnicheskaja 26, S-Petersburg, 194021, RUSSIA Marina DA VYDOVA, Inst. of Continuous Media Mechanics, Urals Branch of the

Russian, Academy of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia Penn, RUSSIA

lL. FAVRE, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malarby, FRANCE

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V. DI FEDERICO, Dl.S.T.A.R.T., Universita di Bologna. Viale Risorgimento 2,40136 Bologna. ITALY

Krzysztof DOLINSKI, Institute of Fund. Technological Research, 00-049 Warsaw, Swietokrzyska 21, POLAND

Lucia FARA VELLI, Dip. Ingenieria Strutturale, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24,10129 Torino ITALY

George FRANTZISKONIS, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

O. GARISIDN, Inst of Continuous Media Mechanics, Urals Branch of the Russian, Academy of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia Penn, RUSSIA

L. GOLOTINA, Inst of Continuous Media Mechanics, Urals Branch of the Russian, Academy of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia Penn, RUSSIA

M. GOUNELLE, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, FRANCE

Vanazio GRECO, University of Calabria. 87030 Roges di Rende (Cs), ITALY Y. GUEGUEN, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lbomond, 75231 Paris, FRANCE Dominique JEULIN, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines, 351 rue St. Honore, 77300

Paris, FRANCE F. HAClH, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malarby,

FRANCE L. KOZHEVNIKOVA, Inst. of Continuous Media Mechs., Urals Branch of the Russian,

Acad. of Sciences., 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia Penn, RUSSIA Achintya HALDAR, Dept Civil Engineering, University of Arizona. Tucson AZ 85721

USA Alex HANSEN, Gruppe for Teoretisk Fysikk, University of Trondheim, 7034

Trondheim NORWAY Fatiha HATem, Ecole Centrale Paris, LMSSMatIECP, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry

FRANCE Per HEMMER, Gruppe for Teoretisk Fysikk, University of Trondheim, 7034 Trondheim

NORWAY J. HUH, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of

Arizona. Tucson, AZ 85721 USA N. ITAGAKI, Tohuku University, Dep. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Sendai

980 JAPAN I. KELLER, Dep. Mathematical Simulation, Perm State Technical University, JSP,

Komsomol av. 29/a. 614600 Perm, RUSSIA A KLUEV, Dep. Mathematical Simulation, Perm State Technical University, JSP,

Komsomol avo 29/a, 614600 Perm, RUSSIA V KUKSENKO, A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of

Sciences, K-21, Polytechnicheskaja 26, S-Petersburg, 194021, RUSSIA Jacques LAMON, LCT, Domaine Universitaire, 2 all6e de la BolStie, 33600 Pessac

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FRANCE Maurice LEMAIRE, IFMA/La Rarna, BP 265,63175 Aubiere Cedex FRANCE AL. Maistrenko, Institute for Superhard Materials, Artozavododskaya 2, 254074 Kiev

UKRAINE M. IE RA V ALEC, Geosciences Rennes, University Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, Bat.

15,35042,Rennes,FRANCE N. LISSART, Lef, Domaine Universitaire, 2 a116e de la Bo€Stie, 33600 Pessac FRANCE Alexander MALKIN, Institute of Applied Mechanics, 32-ALenin Ave., 117334

Moscow RUSSIA . Hirozo MllJASID, Tohuku University, Dep. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering,

Sendai 980 JAPAN Leon MISHNAEVSKY Jr., State Material Testing Institute (MPA), University Stuttgart,

Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, GERMANY Valery MOSHEV, Inst. of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ura1s Branch of the Russian,

Academy of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, Russia Perm, RUSSIA Oleg NAIMARK,Inst. of Continuous Media Mechanics, Urals Branch of the

Russian Acad. of Sciences, 1 Acad. Korolev Str., 614061 Perm, RUSSIA Shlomo NEUMAN, Hydtology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson,

AZ85721 USA L. PETRINI, Dip. di Mecanica Strutturale, Via Abbiategrasso, 211, 27100 Pavia ITALY Ruediger RACKWITZ, Technical University MUnich, Arcisstr. 21, 80290

MUnich GERMANY Stephane ROUX, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue

Vauquelin,75231 Paris, FRANCE Karam SAB, IFMA/LaRarna, BP 265, 63175 Aubiere Cedex FRANCE A SHANY AVSKII, State Center of Flight Safety of Civil Aviation, 103340, Airport

"Sheret'evo", Moscow, RUSSIA S. SCHMAUDER, State Material Testing Institute (MPA), University Stuttgart,

Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, GERMANY Anne TANGUY, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue

Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, FRANCE N. TOMILIN, AF. IoffePhysico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of

Sciences, K-21. Polytechnicheskaja 26, S-Petersburg, 194021, RUSSIA Petr TRUSOV, Dep. Mathematical Simulation, Perm State Technical University, JSP,

Komsomol avo 29/a, 614600 Perm, RUSSIA J. VAN MIER, Delft University of Technology, Stevin Laboratory, P.O. Box 5048, 2600

GA Delft, NEI'HBRLANDS A VERVUURT, Delft University of Technology,Stevin Laboratory, P.O. Box 5048,

2600 GA Delft, NETIIERLANDS M. ZAISER, Max-Planck-Institut fur Meta11forschung, Institut fur Physic, P.O. Box 800

665, D-70506 Stuttgart, GERMANY