Private Sector Issues

11

Private Sector Issues Private Sector Issues

Chapter OneChapter One

The History and The History and Professionalism of Private Professionalism of Private

SecuritySecurity

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The History & The History & Professionalization Professionalization of Private Securityof Private Security

GoalsGoalsThe history of private security in Rome and The history of private security in Rome and

EnglandEnglandThe history of private security in the U.S.The history of private security in the U.S.The movement to achieve professionalism The movement to achieve professionalism

in the private security industryin the private security industryCollege programs in private securityCollege programs in private securityCurrent ethical standards in the private Current ethical standards in the private

security industrysecurity industry

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IntroductionIntroductionThe word “Security” comes from the Latin The word “Security” comes from the Latin

word “securus” a compound wordword “securus” a compound word““se” that means withoutse” that means without““cura” which means carecura” which means careIn English means “without care”, “free In English means “without care”, “free

from care”, “free from danger” or “safe”from care”, “free from danger” or “safe”Read the remainder of the “Introduction” Read the remainder of the “Introduction”

on page 2 on page 2

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Early Development of Private SecurityEarly Development of Private SecurityEarly “policing” had always been private Early “policing” had always been private

mattermatterCitizens were responsible for protecting Citizens were responsible for protecting

themselves and maintaining order in societythemselves and maintaining order in societyModern style police departments did not Modern style police departments did not

appear until the 14th Century in France and appear until the 14th Century in France and not until the 19th Century in England not until the 19th Century in England

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Early Development of Private SecurityEarly Development of Private SecurityThroughout history people have banded Throughout history people have banded

together as a means to protect themselvestogether as a means to protect themselvesMilton says the first security officer may Milton says the first security officer may

have been the nomadic shepherd:have been the nomadic shepherd:As man domesticated animals he As man domesticated animals he

needed to protect themneeded to protect themOne of the community would assume One of the community would assume

the task of guardianthe task of guardian

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Early Development of Private SecurityEarly Development of Private SecurityAs time evolved these people developed As time evolved these people developed

weapons, built barriers around dwellings weapons, built barriers around dwellings and devised codes of conduct to protect and devised codes of conduct to protect themselvesthemselves

The idea that people have the right to The idea that people have the right to protect their property and themselves has protect their property and themselves has been with us since the beginning of time been with us since the beginning of time

Later people would expect the Later people would expect the government in the form of public police to government in the form of public police to fill this need fill this need

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Private Security in Ancient RomePrivate Security in Ancient RomePrivate security was accomplished by the Private security was accomplished by the

military and individual citizensmilitary and individual citizensViolence was common in Rome and Violence was common in Rome and

wealthy people used slaves or gladiators to wealthy people used slaves or gladiators to defend themselves and their propertydefend themselves and their property

Citizens enforced the law by arresting and Citizens enforced the law by arresting and punishing offenderspunishing offenders

Watches were formed to protect to town at Watches were formed to protect to town at night from enemiesnight from enemies

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Private Security in Ancient RomePrivate Security in Ancient RomeRoman citizens, made citizens arrests, Roman citizens, made citizens arrests,

served in local patrols, chained slaves to served in local patrols, chained slaves to entrances, used body guards and enlisted entrances, used body guards and enlisted animals (dogs and geese) as protectorsanimals (dogs and geese) as protectors

They also developed secure entrance They also developed secure entrance doors, the Bard locking devise and the doors, the Bard locking devise and the padlock padlock

In the 5th Century, Rome created the first In the 5th Century, Rome created the first specialized investigative unit called specialized investigative unit called “Questors” or “Trackers of Murder”“Questors” or “Trackers of Murder”

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandThe U.S. system of law and security was The U.S. system of law and security was

borrowed from the Englishborrowed from the EnglishAt first the “Feudal System” provided At first the “Feudal System” provided

security for citizenssecurity for citizensLaw enforcement was the duty of all Law enforcement was the duty of all

citizenscitizensSome individuals were responsible for Some individuals were responsible for

enforcing the law and keeping the peace enforcing the law and keeping the peace

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandPrior to the formation of Police Departments Prior to the formation of Police Departments

there were individuals called “Thief Takers” there were individuals called “Thief Takers” which operated as kind of a private police which operated as kind of a private police during the 1600s to 1800s in England and during the 1600s to 1800s in England and FranceFrance

In 1693 Parliament established a monetary In 1693 Parliament established a monetary reward for the capture of any highwaymanreward for the capture of any highwayman

The “Thief Taker” was paid upon conviction The “Thief Taker” was paid upon conviction and also awarded the thief’s possessionsand also awarded the thief’s possessions

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandThis system was later extended to cover all This system was later extended to cover all

crimes and “Thief Takers” were awarded crimes and “Thief Takers” were awarded rewards based on the seriousness of the offense rewards based on the seriousness of the offense (Bounty Hunters) (Bounty Hunters)

Sometimes criminals would agree to become Sometimes criminals would agree to become “Thief Takers” as a way to receive a pardon “Thief Takers” as a way to receive a pardon from their crimesfrom their crimes

Dangerous, retaliation, setups, and it was Dangerous, retaliation, setups, and it was suspected in created more crime than it solvedsuspected in created more crime than it solved

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandJonathan Wild was a criminal who worked Jonathan Wild was a criminal who worked

the system by charged a fee for locating a the system by charged a fee for locating a persons stolen property persons stolen property

His “Thief Taking” actions led to the His “Thief Taking” actions led to the execution of many felonsexecution of many felons

His abuses of the system eventually His abuses of the system eventually caused his deathcaused his death

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandHenry Fielding is credited with laying the Henry Fielding is credited with laying the

foundations for the first modern private foundations for the first modern private investigative agencyinvestigative agency

Fielding lived when crime was very high in Fielding lived when crime was very high in London and was appointed as a magistrateLondon and was appointed as a magistrate

Fielding attempted to reduce crime in the Fielding attempted to reduce crime in the area by working with local pawnshops, area by working with local pawnshops, giving them descriptions of stolen items giving them descriptions of stolen items and asking them to report if these items and asking them to report if these items made it to their shopsmade it to their shops

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandThrough this Fielding created the first Through this Fielding created the first

known official crime reportsknown official crime reportsHe shared these reports with Constables He shared these reports with Constables

and formed an investigative unit called “The and formed an investigative unit called “The Bow Street Runners” who operated as Bow Street Runners” who operated as “Thief Takers” (not paid by public funds)“Thief Takers” (not paid by public funds)

In 1763 Fielding’s “Bow Street Runners” In 1763 Fielding’s “Bow Street Runners” were paid and the services were expanded were paid and the services were expanded to include patrol duitesto include patrol duites

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandThe Industrial Revolution created many The Industrial Revolution created many

new businesses and these businesses new businesses and these businesses created their own rules, regulates and laws created their own rules, regulates and laws to be enforced by their own private to be enforced by their own private securitysecurity

The Industrial Revolution also created a The Industrial Revolution also created a change in the social patterns and the change in the social patterns and the creation of a government sponsored creation of a government sponsored security force was debatedsecurity force was debated

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandCitizens opposed a police force for two Citizens opposed a police force for two

reasons:reasons:Citizens felt a police force would Citizens felt a police force would

threaten their tradition of freedomthreaten their tradition of freedomThere was already private policing and There was already private policing and

didn’t want to spend any more public didn’t want to spend any more public moneymoney

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Private Security in EnglandPrivate Security in EnglandIn 1828, Sir Robert Peel, drafted the first In 1828, Sir Robert Peel, drafted the first

police bill, the Act for Improving the Police in police bill, the Act for Improving the Police in and near the Metropolis (the Metropolitan and near the Metropolis (the Metropolitan Police Act) and it was passed by Parliament Police Act) and it was passed by Parliament in 1829in 1829

Created the first large scale (1,000 men), Created the first large scale (1,000 men), uniformed, organized (along military lines), uniformed, organized (along military lines), paid, civil police force in London paid, civil police force in London

But private security was still used to provide But private security was still used to provide protection and recover stolen propertyprotection and recover stolen property

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Private Security in the U.S.Private Security in the U.S.The Colonial ExperienceThe Colonial Experience

The Colonists protected themselves with The Colonists protected themselves with help from the militiahelp from the militia

The Colonists recreated the English The Colonists recreated the English system of the Sheriff who was the most system of the Sheriff who was the most important law enforcement official in the important law enforcement official in the county he enforced the law, collected county he enforced the law, collected taxes, supervised elections, but was not taxes, supervised elections, but was not paid, but collected money from arrestspaid, but collected money from arrests

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In cities the Town Marshal was the chief In cities the Town Marshal was the chief law enforcement officiallaw enforcement official

He was aided by constables and night He was aided by constables and night watchmenwatchmen

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1631, Boston creates first Colonial Watch1631, Boston creates first Colonial Watch1658, New Amsterdam (NYC) replaces 1658, New Amsterdam (NYC) replaces

voluntary citizen patrol with 8 paid voluntary citizen patrol with 8 paid watchmen, described as idle, drunken, watchmen, described as idle, drunken, sleepers who never quelled any crimesleepers who never quelled any crime

When there was a problem the governor When there was a problem the governor called in the Militiacalled in the Militia

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Private Security in the U.S.Private Security in the U.S.The 18th and 19th CenturiesThe 18th and 19th Centuries

The first organized, paid, public police The first organized, paid, public police department was created in Boston 1838department was created in Boston 1838

NYC in 1845 and Philadelphia 1854NYC in 1845 and Philadelphia 1854By 1861 Chicago, New Orleans, Cincinnati, By 1861 Chicago, New Orleans, Cincinnati,

Baltimore, Newark…had police Baltimore, Newark…had police departmentsdepartments

Constables and Sheriff were released from Constables and Sheriff were released from their patrol dutiestheir patrol duties

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But these police departments did not live But these police departments did not live up to their expectations, corruption, up to their expectations, corruption, complacency, confusion, sloth and complacency, confusion, sloth and brutalitybrutality

They were overwhelmed and could not They were overwhelmed and could not provide important services like detection provide important services like detection and recovery of stolen goodsand recovery of stolen goods

Led to the reliance on private policing Led to the reliance on private policing and rewards (Thief Takers)and rewards (Thief Takers)

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The modern U.S. private security industry The modern U.S. private security industry owes much of its origins to Allan Pinkertonowes much of its origins to Allan Pinkerton

Deputy Sheriff in Cook County, IllinoisDeputy Sheriff in Cook County, IllinoisFirst Detective Chicago Police First Detective Chicago Police

DepartmentDepartmentSpecial U.S. Mail AgentSpecial U.S. Mail AgentOpened his own private detective agency Opened his own private detective agency

in the early 1850s in the early 1850s

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The Pinkerton National Detective The Pinkerton National Detective AgencyAgency

Trademark “The Eye that Never Trademark “The Eye that Never Sleeps” led to the label of “Private Sleeps” led to the label of “Private Eye” for Private investigators Eye” for Private investigators

Hired by railroads to patrol trains and Hired by railroads to patrol trains and set up security systemsset up security systems

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The Pinkerton National Detective AgencyThe Pinkerton National Detective AgencySurveilled suspects, conducted Surveilled suspects, conducted

undercover operations, examined undercover operations, examined handwriting samples, created centralized handwriting samples, created centralized criminal identification records, networked criminal identification records, networked with other law enforcement agencies, with other law enforcement agencies, (Scotland Yard and the French Surete) (Scotland Yard and the French Surete) hired female agents, created a code of hired female agents, created a code of ethics (no gratuities, separate from ethics (no gratuities, separate from politics) politics)

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The Pinkerton Protective PatrolThe Pinkerton Protective PatrolProvided watchmen for businesses Provided watchmen for businesses

and private individualsand private individualsProtected President LincolnProtected President LincolnGathered military intelligenceGathered military intelligenceParticipated in labor disputes Participated in labor disputes

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The Rocky Mountain Detective AgencyThe Rocky Mountain Detective AgencyApprehended bank and train robbers, Apprehended bank and train robbers,

cattle thieves, murderscattle thieves, murdersWells, Fargo and Co. & American Wells, Fargo and Co. & American

Express Co. Express Co. Transported bank documents, gold, Transported bank documents, gold,

mail and hunted down thievesmail and hunted down thieves

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In 1865 the Railroad Police Acts were In 1865 the Railroad Police Acts were passed in many states which gave the passed in many states which gave the railroad industry the right to establish a railroad industry the right to establish a proprietary security forceproprietary security force

Protected the tracks, trains, freight, Protected the tracks, trains, freight, stations, passengers…stations, passengers…

In the early 1900s they numbered 14,000In the early 1900s they numbered 14,000

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Following the railroads lead, other private Following the railroads lead, other private businesses created their own proprietary businesses created their own proprietary security forcesecurity force

They were often used to break up strikes They were often used to break up strikes and these confrontations became violentand these confrontations became violent

In 1892, 300 armed Pinkerton In 1892, 300 armed Pinkerton strikebreakers were defeated by strikers at strikebreakers were defeated by strikers at the Carnegie Steelworks in Homestead, the Carnegie Steelworks in Homestead, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

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Investigations by Congress of these Investigations by Congress of these private investigative agencies led to private investigative agencies led to many states passing laws which many states passing laws which prevented armed mercenaries from prevented armed mercenaries from crossing their borderscrossing their borders

Businesses again established their own Businesses again established their own security forces security forces

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During the westward expansion there During the westward expansion there were few laws and fewer individuals to were few laws and fewer individuals to enforce the laws concerning gold mining, enforce the laws concerning gold mining, cattle theft…cattle theft…

To stop these crimes citizens formed To stop these crimes citizens formed vigilante groups and private businessmen vigilante groups and private businessmen created their own security forces created their own security forces

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1880s Wyoming Cattle Growers 1880s Wyoming Cattle Growers Association fought cattle rustlingAssociation fought cattle rustling

New Mexico armed men formed to New Mexico armed men formed to protect individual cattle herdsprotect individual cattle herds

Texas employed Home Rangers Texas employed Home Rangers authorized by the Governor to shoot on authorized by the Governor to shoot on sight sight

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In the east businesses began to form In the east businesses began to form associations to help them deal with associations to help them deal with common problemscommon problems

1883 New York Jewelers formed the 1883 New York Jewelers formed the Jewelers’ Security Alliance to advise Jewelers’ Security Alliance to advise jewelers and police about jewelry related jewelers and police about jewelry related crimes crimes

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Advancements in technology Advancements in technology 1850s1850s Holmes invented the first Holmes invented the first

electronic burglar alarmelectronic burglar alarm1859 Brinks formed a freight and 1859 Brinks formed a freight and

package delivery service, later package delivery service, later delivered payrolls, invented armored delivered payrolls, invented armored car service and alarm services car service and alarm services

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Advancements in technology Advancements in technology 1874 telegraph delivery services 1874 telegraph delivery services

created American District Telegraph created American District Telegraph Company (ADT)Company (ADT)

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The rise of private security in the 19th The rise of private security in the 19th CenturyCentury

Ineffective public police protectionIneffective public police protectionIncreased crimes against expanding Increased crimes against expanding

railroadsrailroadsIncreased industrialization which led to Increased industrialization which led to

mounting conflict between factory mounting conflict between factory owners and their workersowners and their workers

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Private Security in the U.S.Private Security in the U.S.The 20th Century and the New MillenniumThe 20th Century and the New Millennium

There is still a need for security servicesThere is still a need for security servicesRapidly increasing industrializationRapidly increasing industrializationNeed to address labor and Need to address labor and

management problemsmanagement problems

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1909 William J Burns1909 William J BurnsU.S. Secret Service InvestigatorU.S. Secret Service Investigator

Greatest detective in the U.S. producedGreatest detective in the U.S. producedCounterfeiters, land frauds and corrupt Counterfeiters, land frauds and corrupt

civil service leaderscivil service leadersDirector the Bureau of Investigations (FBI)Director the Bureau of Investigations (FBI)

Like by public, disliked by unions Like by public, disliked by unions

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U.S. industry still employed private U.S. industry still employed private security to prevent crimes, fight labor security to prevent crimes, fight labor unions and strikes and infiltrate unionsunions and strikes and infiltrate unions

Pre and during WWII (supplying England Pre and during WWII (supplying England and France) expanded businesses and and France) expanded businesses and the need for securitythe need for security

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As the U.S. entered into WWII there was As the U.S. entered into WWII there was a need for increased security for national a need for increased security for national defense to guarded against sabotage defense to guarded against sabotage and espionage and espionage

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Department of Defense’s “Industrial Department of Defense’s “Industrial Security Manual”Security Manual”

Businesses had to incorporate security Businesses had to incorporate security measures to receive government measures to receive government contractscontracts

Designated “Security Officers”Designated “Security Officers”Plant watchmen were into the U.S. Army Plant watchmen were into the U.S. Army

as part of the military police (200,000)as part of the military police (200,000)

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The Korean War and “Cold War” led to:The Korean War and “Cold War” led to:Establishment of Industrial Defense Establishment of Industrial Defense

ProgramProgramRegulates security for 11,000 defense Regulates security for 11,000 defense

related facilitiesrelated facilities

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After WWII improved and After WWII improved and professionalized methods of private professionalized methods of private security developedsecurity developed

1955 the American Society for Industrial 1955 the American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS) was created as the first Security (ASIS) was created as the first professional association for private professional association for private security professionalssecurity professionals

Businesses began to develop Businesses began to develop comprehensive security planscomprehensive security plans

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Security consulting firms emergedSecurity consulting firms emergedWackenhutWackenhut

Companies banded together to share Companies banded together to share information, “Hot Lists” and “Alerts”information, “Hot Lists” and “Alerts”

Remember the Jewelry Security Remember the Jewelry Security AllianceAlliance

National Auto Theft Bureau (now NICB) National Auto Theft Bureau (now NICB)

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In the 1960s and 70s the airlines experienced In the 1960s and 70s the airlines experienced a new threat which resulted in the creation of a new threat which resulted in the creation of airline screening of passengers airline screening of passengers

With businesses operating globally there was With businesses operating globally there was now the threat of terrorism and kidnapping of now the threat of terrorism and kidnapping of corporate executives and their familiescorporate executives and their families

General Motors had a security force of 4,200General Motors had a security force of 4,200

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Many individual studies on private security Many individual studies on private security became known as the Hallcrest Report became known as the Hallcrest Report

U.S. business lose about $114 U.S. business lose about $114 billion/year to crimebillion/year to crime

Government at all levels pay for private Government at all levels pay for private security servicessecurity services

Private individuals pay for private Private individuals pay for private securitysecurity

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The Hallcrest ReportThe Hallcrest Report1.5 million people were employed per 1.5 million people were employed per

year by private securityyear by private securityAverage rate of growth in private Average rate of growth in private

security is 2.3% (average rate of security is 2.3% (average rate of growth for U.S. workforce 1.2%)growth for U.S. workforce 1.2%)

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The Hallcrest Report (reasons for the The Hallcrest Report (reasons for the increase)increase)

Increase in crime in the workplaceIncrease in crime in the workplaceIncrease in fear of crimeIncrease in fear of crimeLimitations on public protection imposed Limitations on public protection imposed

by the fiscal crisisby the fiscal crisisIncreased public and business and the use Increased public and business and the use

of more cost effective private securityof more cost effective private security

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The NCVS shows a decrease in crimeThe NCVS shows a decrease in crimeDemographic changes in the ages of the Demographic changes in the ages of the

highest crime committing age groupshighest crime committing age groupsIncreased incarceration of high rate Increased incarceration of high rate

offendersoffendersMore aggressive policing, record More aggressive policing, record

keeping and predicting of crime trendskeeping and predicting of crime trends

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityHistorically there has been a lack of Historically there has been a lack of

professionalism in the private industry in professionalism in the private industry in terms of certification, training, employment terms of certification, training, employment standards and ethicsstandards and ethics

In 1955 a group of security professionals In 1955 a group of security professionals created the American Society for Industrial created the American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS) to address the above Security (ASIS) to address the above shortcomingsshortcomings

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityThe ASIS had taken great strides:The ASIS had taken great strides:

By 1980 it had 13,000 members in 122 By 1980 it had 13,000 members in 122 chapterschapters

Publish a magazine “Security Management”Publish a magazine “Security Management”Certified 1,700 individuals as “Certified Certified 1,700 individuals as “Certified

Protection Professionals”Protection Professionals”Sponsored research, education and Sponsored research, education and

scholarshipsscholarshipsSought out by the federal government to advise Sought out by the federal government to advise

Homeland Security professionalsHomeland Security professionals

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityASIS has three certificationsASIS has three certifications

““Certified Protection Professional”Certified Protection Professional”Security ManagementSecurity Management

““Professional Certified Investigator”Professional Certified Investigator”Case management, evidence collection Case management, evidence collection

and case preventionand case prevention

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityASIS has three certificationsASIS has three certifications

““Physical Security Professional”Physical Security Professional”Conduct threat surveys and design and Conduct threat surveys and design and

operate integrated security systems operate integrated security systems including equipment, procedures, and including equipment, procedures, and peoplepeople

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityASIS International has partnered with the ASIS International has partnered with the

Wharton School of Business at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania to offer a two University of Pennsylvania to offer a two week program for security executivesweek program for security executives

This program is designed for chief security This program is designed for chief security officers and high level security managers officers and high level security managers ans is taught by senior faculty ans is taught by senior faculty

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityOne area that is still a concern is the quality One area that is still a concern is the quality

of selection, training and performance of of selection, training and performance of security officerssecurity officers

Proprietary officers (those hired by the Proprietary officers (those hired by the company) are better trained and qualified company) are better trained and qualified than contract officers (those hired out to than contract officers (those hired out to individual employers)individual employers)

Most states require less than 8 hours of pre Most states require less than 8 hours of pre employment training employment training

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecuritySeveral Bills have been introduced to Several Bills have been introduced to

address this concernaddress this concern1991 Gore Bill, 1993 Sundquist and 1991 Gore Bill, 1993 Sundquist and

Martinez BillMartinez BillBut none passed at the federal levelBut none passed at the federal levelHowever, many states have addressed However, many states have addressed

this issuethis issue

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Professionalization of Private SecurityProfessionalization of Private SecurityIn 2004, President Bush signed the In 2004, President Bush signed the

“Intelligence Reform Bill and the 9-11 “Intelligence Reform Bill and the 9-11 Implementation BillImplementation Bill

Includes the Private Security Officer Includes the Private Security Officer Employment Authorization Act of 2004 which Employment Authorization Act of 2004 which gives employers the ability to request criminal gives employers the ability to request criminal background checks from the FBI’s database for background checks from the FBI’s database for applicants and holders of security positionsapplicants and holders of security positions

Allows for better hiring decisionsAllows for better hiring decisions

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College Education and Private SecurityCollege Education and Private SecurityIn 1976 only 5 colleges in the U.S. offered In 1976 only 5 colleges in the U.S. offered

bachelor’s degrees in private securitybachelor’s degrees in private securityBy 1990 46 colleges offered bachelor’s By 1990 46 colleges offered bachelor’s

degrees and 14 offered masters degreesdegrees and 14 offered masters degreesToday there are PhD programsToday there are PhD programsCollege education along with certification College education along with certification

programs are becoming more important in programs are becoming more important in today’s private security today’s private security

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Ethics and Private SecurityEthics and Private Security““Ethics” is the practical normative study of Ethics” is the practical normative study of

the rightness and wrongness of human the rightness and wrongness of human conductconduct

““Basic Ethics” is the broad moral principles Basic Ethics” is the broad moral principles that govern all conductthat govern all conduct

““Applied Ethics” focus these broad Applied Ethics” focus these broad principles on specific applicationsprinciples on specific applications

Ethics are extremely important in the Ethics are extremely important in the private security professionprivate security profession

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Ethics and Private SecurityEthics and Private SecurityThe Greek philosopher Aristotle in his The Greek philosopher Aristotle in his

writings of Nicomachean Ethics, stated that writings of Nicomachean Ethics, stated that ““every art and every inquiry and similarly every art and every inquiry and similarly

every action and choice is thought to aim every action and choice is thought to aim at some good” at some good”

Do we say this as “do the right thing” Do we say this as “do the right thing”

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Ethics and Private SecurityEthics and Private SecurityEthical Conduct of Security Firms & Ethical Conduct of Security Firms &

EmployeesEmployeesPrivate security organizations have Private security organizations have

issued their own “Code of Ethics” to issued their own “Code of Ethics” to guide members of their organizationsguide members of their organizations

Review the ASIS International Code of Review the ASIS International Code of Ethics on page 24, exhibit 1.7Ethics on page 24, exhibit 1.7

Review the Securitas Values Statement Review the Securitas Values Statement on page 25, exhibit 1.8 on page 25, exhibit 1.8

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Ethics and Private SecurityEthics and Private SecurityEthical Issues Endemic to the Security IndustryEthical Issues Endemic to the Security Industry

The Law Commission of Canada has four The Law Commission of Canada has four core principles that should support core principles that should support democratic policingdemocratic policing

Justice (treated fairly and respected)Justice (treated fairly and respected)Equality (is this a security principle?)Equality (is this a security principle?)Accountability (is this a security principle?)Accountability (is this a security principle?)Efficiency Efficiency

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Ethics and Private SecurityEthics and Private SecurityEthical Issues Endemic to the Security Ethical Issues Endemic to the Security

IndustryIndustryEquality?Equality?Police serve the public at large, security Police serve the public at large, security

serves a specific clientserves a specific clientPolice are reactive apprehending criminals Police are reactive apprehending criminals

after the crime, private security is after the crime, private security is proactive, focused on preventing crimes proactive, focused on preventing crimes and incidentsand incidents

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Accountable?Accountable?Private security officers are not accountable Private security officers are not accountable

because they are not bound by the decisions because they are not bound by the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court regarding civil of the U.S. Supreme Court regarding civil liberties issues such the Miranda decisionliberties issues such the Miranda decision

Should private security organizations be self Should private security organizations be self regulating?regulating?

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Think of the ethical issues involved in Think of the ethical issues involved in Moonlighting?Moonlighting?

When off duty police officers act as private When off duty police officers act as private security officers they are often caught in security officers they are often caught in ethical dilemmas: enforce the law or enforce ethical dilemmas: enforce the law or enforce the interests of their temporary employer?the interests of their temporary employer?

Extra employment restrictions?Extra employment restrictions?

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