International Virtual US-PTS-PP-01 Aviation Organization Effective August 1, 2013 United States Division Initial Revision

Private PilotFor Airplane Single-Engine Land and Sea

Practical TestStandards

IVAO United States Division HeadquartersIVAO United States Division Flight Operations DepartmentIVAO United States Division Training Departmentwww.ivaous.org , www.ivao.aero , us-hq@ivao.aero

This is not a real world aviation practical test standards guide. This is for flight simulation and for use on the IVAO network only!

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US-PTS-PP-01Initial Revision

International VirtualAviation Organization

United States of America Division

Private PilotPractical Test Standards

ForAirplane

(Single Engine Land and Sea)

July 2013(Effective August 1, 2013)

IVAO United States DivisionTHIS IS NOT THE REAL WORLD PTS!

THIS IS FOR AVIATION SIMULATION ONLY!www.ivaous.org, www.ivao.aero, us-hq@ivao.aero

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Private PilotAirplane

Practical Test Standards

2013

IVAO United States DivisionTHIS IS NOT THE REAL WORLD PTS!

THIS IS FOR AVIATION SIMULATION ONLY!www.ivaous.org, www.ivao.aero, us-hq@ivao.aero

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Foreword

The material presented in this document is intended for use on the IVAO network (www.ivao.aero) by members, examiners, and staff of the United States division (www.ivaous.org) and is not intended for real world aviation purposes. This practical test standards booklet, also refered to as PTS, is a supplement of IVAO HQ PTS and marking standards and is used to assist with localized standards in the IVAO USA Division and is not intended to replace the IVAO HQ PTS.

This document is written by the US Training Department and subject to approval by the Training Coordinator, Flight Operations Coordinator, and Division Headquarters.

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Record of Changes

- Initial Revision (July 2013)

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Table of Contents

Introduction…………..……………………………………………………………………………………..7General Information…………………………………………………………………….…………7Practical Test Standards Concept…………………………………………………….……..7Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………7Usage of US Division PTS…………………………………………………………………………9Private Pilot – Airplane Practical Test Prerequisites………………………………10Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test………………………..10Applicant Responsibility………………………………………………………………………..11Trainer Responsibility…………………………………………………………………………,,,11Examiner Responsibility………………………………………………………………………..11Satisfactory Performance……………………………………………………………………..12Unsatisfactory Performance…………………………………………………………………12Automatic Failure Conditions……………………………………………………………….12

Areas of Operation………………………………………………………………………………………14I. Oral Examination……………………………………………………………………………….14II. Connection……………………………………………………………………………………….18III. VFR Flight Plan…………………………………………………………………………………19IV. VFR Flight Portion (Practical Examination)……………………………………….20V. English and Phraseology……………………………………………………………………22

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Introduction

General Information

This guide is meant to be a supplement to the official IVAO private pilot exam marking standards and practical test standards and should not be used as a replacement. It is intended for the examiner, trainer, and student/applicant in keeping a standardized workflow, understanding what is expected from applicants, and a basis at which trainers can teach from.

Practical Test Standards Concept

The IVAO HQ Training Department as defined a global, universal testing standards for this rating. However, due to the diverse environment, local FAA/CAA/GACA procedures varying in different nations, and extra requirements required by local division training and headquarters staff, IVAO HQ has allowed divisions to localize standards for exams. In the United States Division, we have standards that either meet or exceed IVAO HQ standards and applicants are tested on knowledge based majority on FAA procedures. Examiners must ensure these standards are met during practical and oral exams in order to recommend the applicant for the rating. Marking sheets and scores are provided by IVAO HQ Training Department and must be used during the exam by all examiners. (This documents are confidential and only allowed by IVAO Designated Examiners)

All material tested on will be found and available at the IVAO US Academy or on the IVAO HQ website. Software related questions should be able to be found in the software manuals supplied by the IVAO HQ Software Development Department.

Abbreviations

AC Advisory CircularACC Area ControllerADC Aerodrome ControllerADM Aeronautical Decision MakingAGL Above Ground LevelAMEL Airplane Multiengine LandAMES Airplane Multiengine SeaAPC Approach Controller

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ARTCC Area Control CenterAS ATC StudentASEL Airplane Single Engine LandASES Airplane Single Engine SeaATC Air Traffic ControlATP Airline Transport PilotCFIT Controlled Flight Into TerrainCP Commercial PilotCRM Crew Resource ManagementDA Decision AltitudeDH Decision HeightDP Departure ProcedureFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAF Final Approach FixFIR Flight Information RegionFMS Flight Management SystemFS Flight StudentFS9 Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004FSS Flight Service StationFSX Microsoft Flight Simulator XFTD Flight Training DeviceGCA Guest Controller ApprovalGLS GNSS Landing SystemGNSS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemHQ HeadquartersIAP Instrument Approach ProcedureIFR Instrument Flight RulesILS Instrument Landing SystemINS Inertial Navigation SystemIVAO International Virtual Aviation OrganizationLAHSO Land and Hold Short OperationsLDA Localizer Directional AidLNAV Lateral NavigationLOC LocalizerLPV Localizer Performance with Vertical GuidanceMDA Minimum Descent AltitudeMSA Minimum Safe AltitudeNAVAID Navigational AidNDB Non-Directional Beacon

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NOTAM Notice to AirmanNPO Non Profit OrganizationPOH Pilot’s Operating HandbookPP Private PilotPT Procedure TurnPTS Practical Test StandardsRNAV Area NavigationRNP Required Navigation PerformanceSEC Senior ControllerSELCAL Selective CallingSPP Senior Private PilotSTAR Standard Terminal ArrivalTAA Terminal Arrival AreaTA Training Advisor (Examiner)US United States (Division)V₁ Takeoff Decision SpeedV₂ Takeoff Safety SpeedVDP Visual Descent PointVFR Visual Flight RulesVOR Very High Frequency Omnidirectional RangeVR Rotation SpeedVREF Reference Landing Approach SpeedVX Best Angle of Climb SpeedVY Best Rate of Climb SpeedWATRS West Atlantic Route System

Usage of US Division PTS

The US Division requires that all exams must be conducted in accordance to the divisional PTS’. The order of this book is broken down in chronological order of the exam as it progresses. It is advisable that examiners use this PTS while giving the exam and trainers use it to assist in training applicants for the practical exam.

This document is not confidential or restricted in its use.

Special Emphasis Areas

Examiners shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft operations considered critical to the exam and standards for the sought rating. If an

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applicant lacks skill in these areas, deductions should weigh heavier. For the private pilot exam, these are:

1. English Knowledge2. Phraseology (FAA)3. IVAP Software Knowledge4. IVAO Rules and Regulations5. Automatic Failure Conditions6. Following ATC Instructions

The primary focus of this exam is to evaluate the pilot’s ability to perform under visual flight rules.

Private Pilot – Airplane Practical Test Prerequisites

As per Section 1 of the IVAO HQ Training Department’s Private Pilot PTS, the applicant is required to:

1. be a member of the United States Division (R/R 4.6.2.1)2. have an Advanced Flight Student (FS3) rating 3. minimum of 50 pilot hours (ATC hours don’t count)4. complete the theoretical exam administered by IVAO HQ5. have a legal copy of any IVAO approved Flight Simulation software where

the exam will be conducted on6. have a microphone, unless a doctor’s note is provided to the Division HQ

showing a disability in the usage of voice communications7. have an account status of “Active User” (not be suspended/inactive)

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

As per Section 4.3.1 of the IVAO HQ Training Department’s Private Pilot PTS, the applicant is required to use an aircraft for the exam that is:

1. a light (L) single engine propeller aircraft (such as a C172, C182, PA28, M20, or similar)

2. equipped with a VOR and ADF 3. able to perform all the required tasks

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Applicant Responsibility

The applicant is responsible to review all the material on the Academy related to the Private Pilot (PP) rating and below, this PTS, the IVAO HQ Briefing Guide (PTS), US Divisional Policies, IVAO Rules and Regulations, aircraft specifications,and charts appropriate to the area that the exam will take place in.

The applicant should do the following to prepare for the exam:

1. Contact the examiner to confirm a date and time2. Select a departure and destination. The departure should be an

untowered airport (class G) and the destination should be a class C or D airport and towered. Navigation should be done visually. (The applicant can ask the examiner to select the airports to be used. The examiner has the final say on where the exam will be conducted, however, examiners should do their best to meet the needs and requests of the applicant)

3. Inform the examiner of the aircraft to be used. (The examiner cannot select, recommend, or confirm an aircraft valid to be used on the exam)

4. Obtain the appropriate VFR sectionals (www.skyvector.com) 5. Obtain the appropriate airport diagram (www.airnav.com)

Trainer Responsibility

Certified IVAO Trainers who choose to train applicants specifically for their practical exam should follow this PTS and the IVAO HQ Briefing Guide. In the event where an applicant gets a question or task wrong and insists that their trainer told them otherwise, the trainer will be asked for an explanation, therefore, care should be taken that information being provided to the applicant is true and accurate.

Examiner Responsibility

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of the knowledge and skill of each task within the appropriate practical test standard. The examiner must use this PTS to evaluate the applicant.

The examiner should perform the following before the exam:

1. Contact the applicant within 48 hours of being assigned an exam

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2. Confirm the date, time, departure and destination, and provide the applicant links to charts, the IVAO HQ briefing guide, and this PTS

3. The examiner should download the appropriate sector file to use on IVAC4. The examiner should locate at least one NDB and one VOR ahead of time5. Advise the applicant to use the cc.ts.ivao.aero Teamspeak channel for

the exam

The examiner has the final say on the location of the exam; however, the examiner is expected to meet the request of the applicant, if able and within policy.

The examiner should use the Excel Marking Sheet provided by the IVAO HQ Training Department found in the staff panel. This sheet should be saved on the examiner’s computer/storage device until the exam is validated, but it is strongly recommended to not delete the marking sheet. The examiner should take all notes as practical on the Excel Marking Sheet.

Satisfactory Performance

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for the rating is based on the applicant’s ability and proficiency to:

1. perform the tasks specified in the areas of operation to standards2. demonstrate proper judgment of all decisions relating to the exam3. speak and understand English and use proper phraseology4. follow all IVAO Rules and Regulations 5. score at least a 75% on the examiner’s marking sheet

Unsatisfactory Performance

If, in judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet standards for a given task, the examiner can deduct one point. If multiple deficiencies or a special emphasis area in a given task is unsatisfactory, the examiner can deduct 2 or more points. All deductions should be explained in the comments to the validator as per the Training Staff SOP (confidential document). If the final score is less than 75%, the exam is deemed unsatisfactory.

Automatic Failure Conditions

There are certain conditions that will cause an automatic failure of the exam.

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1. Oral Exam, insufficient knowledge in: (49/100)a. IVAO software knowledgeb. Basic VFR knowledgec. Connection to the IVAO network

2. Applicant decides to stop the exam (0/100)3. Not having charts for the exam (49/100)4. Connecting on the runway (49/100)5. Entering the runway, taking off or landing without clearance (49/100)6. Inability to properly execute VFR patterns (49/100)7. Inadequate radio communications or English proficiency (49/100)8. Crashing due to terrain collision or aircraft overstress (49/100)9. Applicant enters class B airspace without clearance (49/100)10. Any violation against rules and regulations (49/100)

If an automatic failure condition should occur, the exam will end. If the applicant does not show up for the exam without a valid reason within 48 hours, the exam will be a failure of 0/100.

If the applicant’s computer or flight simulator crashes at any time during the exam, the examiner can decide whether or not to continue the exam or do it at another time (reschedule). An applicant should not fail due to a flight simulator or PC crash. The examiner should use judgment if the crash is legitimate.

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Areas of Operation

I. Oral Examinaton

NOTE: The examiner shall select the following tasks and analyze according to their marking sheet an appropriate score of the applicant’s knowledge of each task

Task 1: IVAO Software Knowledge

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge of the elements and basic functions of working with IVAO software, IVAP, and simple functions and features used through it

1. Understanding what an ATIS is, how to obtain one, and how to decipher an ATIS (the examiner can supply an ATIS excerpt if the applicant is not logged on the IVAO network during the time of the oral examination, as long as the examiner has confirmed that the applicant knows how to obtain a distant ATIS)

2. Know what the GUARD frequency is and what it is used for3. Know what the UNICOM frequency is and what it is used for4. How to obtain a METAR and TAF (will decipher later)5. How to request help from a supervisor (use of the .wallop command)6. Squawk Commands on IVAP and when to use it

Task 2: Air Law and United States Specific Regulations

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge of the elements related to air law in the United States

1. Explaining with basic knowledge of

a. basic differences between IFR and VFR flight rulesb. the national airspace system, explaining the requirements of

each class for VFR flight (visibility and cloud requirements are not needed to be analyzed)

c. what is special use airspace and give some examples

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2. Able to explain

a. what various ATC stations exist and what kind of service do they provide

b. the significance of certain special use transponder codes and what do they mean

c. what kind of squawk code is prohibited and strictly forbidden to use on the IVAO network and why

d. when to squawk IDENT

Task 3: Charts and VFR Procedures

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge of the elements related to chart reading, interpreting, understanding, and detailed VFR procedures

1. Chart reading – the applicant should

a. be able to obtain a VFR sectional chart of the area that the exam will be taking place in

b. how to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories and steering (ASES applicants only)

c. be able to interpret the chart by answering questions from the examiner

d. have knowledge of airspace class and departure and arrival procedures of the given airport based on the sectional

e. know the airspace base and ceilingf. be able to obtain an airport diagram of any airport within the

United States territory using FAA NACO charts only (no Jeppesen – although Jeppesen charts may be used during the flying portion of the exam, the oral examination will be based off of FAA NACO charts only)

g. know how to interpret and read various information on the airport diagram chart, including the basics of runway weight bearing capacity data

2. VFR procedures and knowledge – the applicant should

a. be able to describe a VFR traffic pattern circuit in its entirety

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b. know what “cleared the option” means and entails

Task 4: Navigation

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge of the elements related to VFR navigation

1. Describe semi-circular rules and determining VFR cruising altitudes2. Tell what the transition altitude is in the United States3. How will the applicant be navigating during a VFR flight4. VFR fuel requirements for calculating fuel on board5. How to calculate EET and fuel consumption estimates6. Other proper preflight and planning techniques

Task 5: Meteorology and Weather Information

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge of the elements related to weather information and basic meteorology

1. Given a METAR of an airport within the United States and FAA jurisdiction to decipher up to the “remarks” (RMK) section. (Examiner should not ask the applicant to interpret the RMK section)

2. Given a TAF of an airport within the United States and FAA jurisdiction to decipher certain segments of the TAF that are not found in the METAR. (Examiner should not ask the applicant to interpret the entire TAF)

3. What the difference is between a METAR and a TAF (basic knowledge)

Task 6: Instruments and Aircraft Knowledge

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge in basic aircraft instruments and knowledge

1. Explain the standards altimeter setting and how to adjust it in the altimeter

2. Has basic knowledge of the aircraft chosen for the exam and can explain

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a. basic V speeds such as Vx, Vy, Vr, Vfe, and what they mean (do not ask V1 and V2)

b. explain the never exceed speed and what would happen if exceeded

c. what is the basic differences between IAS, TAS, and GSd. weight and balance of the aircraft, what is a CG and what

happens if the CG is too far forward or afte. the basic empty weight of the aircraft and the maximum

takeoff weightf. what is the service ceiling of the aircraftg. what is the purpose of the prop lever and the difference

between a constant speed and fixed pitch propeller (if using a complex aircraft like a C182)

h. what are the basic 6 instruments on the panel and describe briefly what each does

3. Seaplane characteristics (if a seaplane is being used)

Note: Task 6 sections 1 and 2 should all be satisfactory before moving onto this section. This section is not included on the marking sheet and is a pass or fail only. If an unsatisfactory performance should occur in this section, the examinee is no longer eligible for use a seaplane for the exam and can decide whether to discontinue the exam (resulting in a failure 0/100) or continue the exam using a tricycle style landing gear. The applicant is no longer eligible for a Seaplane Award if the exam will be continued.

a. what are water rudders and where are they locatedb. how to determine wind direction via use of water and how to

determine if the water is too rough for a takeoffc. why nose should be kept up during normal water taxid. use of ailerons during sailing e. briefly describe nose attitude in rough water landingf. why are glassy water landings dangerousg. engine usage during docking and beaching

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II. Connection

NOTE: The examiner shall determine if the oral examination is sufficient and no tasks from the automatic failure are unsatisfactory before proceeding to the connection tasks.

Task 7: Connection to the IVAO Network

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge in elements related to connecting properly to the IVAN

1. Logs on with the correct callsign as described in the IVAO HQ Briefing Guide (EXM plus last four digits of exam number)

2. Has proper transponder setting3. Connected at proper location (stand, apron, dock if seaplane is used)

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III. VFR Flight Plan (ICAO)

NOTE: The examiner shall determine if the oral examination is sufficient and no tasks from the automatic failure are unsatisfactory before proceeding to the flight plan tasks.

Task 8: VFR Flight Plan

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge in elements related to a VFR flight plan in an ICAO format

1. Top portion properly filled out, flight should be general aviation2. Correct and realistic equipment3. Proper filling of airspeed and altitude (VFR or cruise altitude)4. Valid VFR route (no GPS)5. Fuel and endurance6. Relevant information only in item 18

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IV. VFR Flight Portion (Practical Examination)

NOTE: The examiner shall determine if the oral examination is sufficient and no tasks from the automatic failure are unsatisfactory before proceeding to the flight portion.

Task 9: Ground movements, takeoff, and departure

Objective: To determine that the applicant can operate the aircraft safely and properly during ground, takeoff, and departure operations

1. Proper taxi (sailing for seaplanes) to assigned runway (direction of takeoff considering wind for seaplanes and at unmarked grass strips for land planes)

2. Transponder usage (note airports that have ASDE-X Ground Radar and their function in regards to transponder settings)

3. Uses proper uncontrolled/untowered airport/seabase operations and communications

4. Proper departure and levels off at altitude (follows examiners instructions)

Task 10: VFR Navigation

Objective: To determine that the applicant can navigate by using proper VFR navigation and following examiner instructions in flight

1. The examiner should give heading and altitude changes2. The examiner should confirm the applicant has proper altimeter set

the entire flight3. The examiner should assign a VOR frequency for the applicant to track

and have the applicant confirm when it is tracked4. The examiner should assign an NDB frequency for the applicant to

track and have the applicant confirm when it is tracked5. Applicant should be able to estimate the arrival time at a given point

at request of the examiner

Task 11: Arrival and VFR patterns

Objective: The determine that the applicant can safely and correctly execute proper VFR arrival procedures

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Note: After the applicant has completed Tasks 9 and 10, the examiner will simulate a TWR position of the arrival airport and inform the applicant to treat as ATC

1. Contacts ATC in a timely manner and does not bust airspace (entering class B airspace without a clearance is an automatic failure)

2. Follows ATC instructions and enters a precise traffic pattern3. Calls at requested or required position reports in the pattern4. Executes a proper touch and go (low approach if seaplane is being

used) 5. Follows correct traffic pattern after being cleared the option and

makes a proper full stop and taxi to the assigned ramp (ASEL only)6. After pattern, navigates to an assigned seaplane/maritime base, lake,

inlet, or unprotected area and perform a proper landing and docking/beaching procedure (ASES only)

Note: Task 11.6 for Seaplane landing should be evaluated the same way as the Land plane is evaluated on during the second traffic pattern.

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V. English and Phraseology

Task 12: Radio Communications and English Proficiency

Objective: To determine that the applicant can speak and understand the English language and use proper radio phraseology during the simulated ATC portion of the flight

1. English proficiency:

0 – virtually no English ability whatsoever1 – difficulty in communicating and understanding2 – communication is understood and received with minor mistakes and misunderstandings3 – near native level, very well spoken and understood4 – native English speaker or a non native with virtually no mistakes both grammatical and in phraseology and very well understood

2. Radio communications proficiency:

8 – perfect phraseology, not one single mistake7 – very few mistakes in phraseology6 – some mistakes made and mumbling or “uhh’s” a lot5 – constant usage of non American phraseology4 – combination of the above mentioned points3 – not using virtually any correct phraseology2 – no proper phraseology with use of slangs and informal speech1 – no proper phraseology with use of cursing and swearing0 – no English ability whatsoever

Note: Phraseology should be evaluated during the simulated ATC portion of the flight only. English is evaluated during the entire examination