Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards...

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Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards PSc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous; pure substance or mixture; element or compound; metals, nonmetals, or metalloids; solution, colloid, or suspension. PSc.2.1.2 Explain the phases of matter and the physical changes that matter undergoes. PSc.2.1.3 Compare physical and chemical properties of various types of matter. Big Ideas Students will understand that … · There are specific processes required to separate a mixture. · Matter is classified based on its characteristics. · Phases of matter are determined based on temperature, pressure, and density · Matter undergoes physical changes including changes of phase. Essential Questions · What techniques are used to separate a mixture? · How is matter described, classified, and changed? · How can I differentiate between the phases of matter? · How does matter change from one phase to another? Physical Science

Transcript of Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards...

Page 1: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Priority StandardPSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter.     

Supporting Standards PSc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous; pure substance or mixture; element or compound; metals, nonmetals, or metalloids; solution, colloid, or suspension. PSc.2.1.2 Explain the phases of matter and the physical changes that matter undergoes. PSc.2.1.3 Compare physical and chemical properties of various types of matter.      

Big Ideas Students will understand that …· There are specific processes required to separate a mixture.        · Matter is classified based on its characteristics.· Phases of matter are determined based on temperature, pressure, and density          · Matter undergoes physical changes including changes of phase.         

Essential Questions· What techniques are used to separate a mixture?· How is matter described, classified, and changed?· How can I differentiate between the phases of matter?· How does matter change from one phase to another?

Physical Science

Page 2: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Matter

1. Anything that has mass and takes space

States of Matter 2.1.2

·Solid·Liquid

·Gas

Page 3: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Matteranything that has mass and takes up space

mass the amount of matter in an object

volume the amount of space an object takes up Kinetic Molecular Theory of

Matterdensity the amount of mass per unit of volume

D = m

vgrams

mL or cm3

http://www.hhs.homewood.k12.al.us/~kreaves/KineticMolecularTheory.html

http://preparatorychemistry.com/KMT_flash.htm

1. all matter is composed of tiny particles

2. These particles are in constant motion3. the amount of motion is proportional to temperature. Increased temperature means increased motion

animation

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Density ProblemsCHEMISTRY name

_______________________DENSITY date ____________ period _____

1. Determine the density of a metal if 27.35 grams has a volume of 9.08 cm3 .

_____________________

2. Metal A has a density of 1.89 g/cm3. The volume of metal A is 9.237 cm3. Determine themass of metal A.

_____________________

3. Determine the volume of an object if the density is 3.69 g/cm3 and the mass is 49.06 grams.

_____________________

4. The density of wood is 0.512 g/cm3 . The volume of a piece of wood is 37.3 cm3.Determine the mass of the piece of wood.

_____________________

5. The mass of a gold block is 279.45 grams. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. Determine thevolume of the gold block.

_____________________

6. Substance A has a mass of 3.69 grams and a volume of 4.53 cm3 . Determine the density.

_____________________

7. Does substance A (question 6) sink or float in water? _____________________

8. Does substance A (question 6) sink or float in gasoline? _____________________

9. Determine the density of a substance if the mass is 17.6 g and the volume is 15.23 cm3 .

_____________________

Page 5: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

10. The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3 . What is the mass of a piece of aluminum if the volume is 8.70 cm3 ?

_____________________

11. A piece of metal has a volume of 35.47 cm3 and a mass of 196.2 g. Determine the density.

_____________________

12. A plastic ball has a volume of 25.3 cm3 and a mass of 18.06 g. Will the ball sink of float in water?

_____________________

13. The density of a metal is 15.4 g/cm3 . Determine the mass of a hunk of the metal if the volume of the is 6.378 grams.

_____________________

14. Determine the volume of a gas sample if the density of the gas is 0.00356 g/cm3 and the

mass of the gas is 1.56 grams.

_____________________

15. Determine the mass of a gas sample if the density of the gas is 0.0145 g/cm3 and the

volume of the gas sample is 8.54 cm3 .

_____________________

16. Determine the density of a gas sample if the mass of the gas is 5.75 grams and the volume

of the gas sample is 29.60 cm3 .

_____________________

17. Determine the mass of a sample of titanium if the volume of the titanium is 46.7 cm3whil.

_____________________

Density Problems

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Definite shapeDefinite volumeIncompressibleLittle expansion upon heatingMolecular movement very slow

States of Matter

Solid

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States of Matter

·Liquid

Shape of containerDefinite volumeIncompressibleSlight expansion upon heatingMolecules move around each other in flowing manner

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Shape of containerVolume of containerHighly compressibleHigh level of expansion upon heatingMolecules move in a random, chaotic manner ~ entropy

·Gas

States of Matter

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States of Matter

·Plasma

Definition: Plasma is a distinct phase of matter, separate from the traditional solids, liquids, and gases.

It is a collection of charged particles that respond strongly and collectively to electromagnetic fields, taking the form of gas-like clouds or ion beams.

Since the particles in plasma are electrically charged (generally by being stripped of electrons), it is frequently described as an "ionized gas."

Plasma was first identified (as "radiant mattter") by Sir William Crookes in 1879. Sir J.J. Thomson identified the nature of the matter in 1897.

It was Irving Langmuir who assigned the term "plasma" in 1928.

It is odd to consider that plasma is actually the most common phase of matter, especially since it was the last one discovered.

Flame, lightning, interstellar nebulae, stars, and even the empty vastness of space are all examples of the plasma state of matter.

http://physics.about.com/od/glossary/g/plasma.htm

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http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/E17/E17.html

Virtual labs for states of matter

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/states-of-matter.html

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Day Two

Day Two

Day Two

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PSc.2.1.2 Explain the Phases of Matter and the physical changes that matter undergoes.· How does matter change from one phase to another?

·How can I differentiate between the phases of matter?

Phase Changes of Matter

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Phase Changes of MatterMatter changing from one state to

another Based on temperature, pressure, and density

Which one is this phase change based on?

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Phase Changes of Matter

All matter can change its stateCHEMISTRY TERM PHASE CHANGE

Freezing Reduce energy ~ lower temperature

Heat of Fusion (Freezing and Melting point) add energy ~ heat

Heat of Vaporization (boiling point )

Condensation ~ energy is taken from molecules Shower, Cold breath

Sublimation ~energy is taken indry ice

Deposition ~ frost

Liquid to Solid

Solid to Liquid

Liquid to Gas

Gas to Liquid

Solid to Gas

Gas to Solid

Physical Property of Matter

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_changes.html

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Phase Changes of MatterLaw of Conservation of Mattermatter cannot be created or destroyed during a

chemical reaction~ just changes from one state to another

http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/modules/CI_law_of_conservation_of_matter_4_3.html

Law of Conservation of Massmass cannot be created or destroyed,

but changed into different forms.

http://www.docbrown.info/page04/4_73calcs03com.htm

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Phase Change Diagram

00 Celsius

1000 Celsius

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http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&biw=1024&bih=557&tbm=isch&tbnid=qujGxkU1-GrQcM%3A&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AWater_Phase_Change_Diagram.png&docid=QRq13g_Q-EUCUM&imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fe%2Fe5%2FWater_Phase_Change_Diagram.png&w=848&h=457&ei=w0npUrbtMIPVkQfc_4DACA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=531&page=1&start=0&ndsp=6&ved=0CGQQrQMwAw

320 F

2120 F

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Phase Changes of Matter Virtual Lab

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter

http://www.learningscience.org/psc3bstrucpropmatter.htm

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Day Three

Day Three

Day Three

Day Three

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Properties of Matter

Physical Chem

ical

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Properties of Matter 2.1.3

·Physical Property

Any characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing what the substance is made of ~ composition

EX. color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, phase changes (mp,bp,fp),

viscosity (resistance to flowing), hardness, conductivity, malleability, ductility

blogs.indium.com

scienceclarified.com

copper.org

webwormcpt.blogspot.com

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·Physical Change

Properties of Matter 2.1.3

Change in matter that does not change its identity

Change in matter that does not change its composition

EXAMPLES: Cutting into, freezing, evaporating, compressing,boiling

superstock.com

makewav.es

dreamstime.com

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Properties of Matter

·Chemical Property

The ability of substances to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances

EX. rust, burn, rot, decompose, ferment, explosive, corrosive

Flammmability ~ materials that can burnCombustibility ~ materials that can explodeReactivity ~ How substances will react with other substances

desidime.com

wine-searcher.com

businessinsider.com

scimed-process-safety.co.ukFlammmabilit

yCombustibility

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Properties of Matter

·Chemical ChangeTransforms one type of matter into another kind, which may have different properties

The change of a substance into a different substance

chemical reaction

neutralizes

reacts produces

Page 40: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Signs of Chemical Change

3. Color Change

1. Production of Gas ----> Fizzing/Bubbling

2. Formation of Precipitate ------> insoluble solid

4. Release of Energy ------> light or explosion

harpercollege.edu

Page 41: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Properties of Matter

·Chemical Change

Reactants (starting substances) become products (ending substances)

Four Indicators of a Chemical Change

1. Gas is produced2. Color change occurs (may also be physical)3. Energy in the form of heat is either released or absorbed4. Precipitate is produced

Page 42: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Worksheet

Classify the following as chemical change (cc), chemical property (cp), physical change (pc), or physical property (pp).

1. _____ Heat conductivity 8. _____ Combustible2. _____ Silver tarnishing 9. _____ Water freezing3. _____ sublimation 10. _____ Wood burning4. _____ magnetizing steel 11. _____ Acid resistance5. _____ length of metal object 12. _____ Brittleness6. _____ shortening melting 13. _____ Milk souring7. _____ exploding dynamite 14. _____ baking bread

Identify the following as being true or false to the left of the sentence.

_____ 15. A change in size or shape is a physical change._____ 16. A chemical change means a new substance with new properties was formed._____ 17. An example of a chemical change is when water freezes._____ 18. When platinum is heated, then cooled to its original state, we say this is a physical change._____ 19. When milk turns sour, this is a physical change because a change in odor does not indicate a chemical change. _____ 20. When citric acid and baking soda mix, carbon dioxide is produced and the temperature decreases. This must be a chemical change.

Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical change. 21. _____ You leave your bicycle out in the rain and it rusts.

22. _____ A sugar cube dissolves.

23. _____ Scientist break-up water into oxygen and hydrogen gas.

24. _____ Burning coal for a barbecue.

25. ______ Trimming a bush because it has grown too tall.

Page 43: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;
Page 44: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Identify each of the following as an example of a physical property or a chemical property.

1. Silver tarnishes when it comes in contact with hydrogen sulfide in the air.

2. A banana is yellow.

3. A sheet of copper can be pounded into a bowl.

4. Barium melts at 725 C.

5. Gasoline is flammable.

6. A diamond is the hardest natural substance.

7. Helium does not react with any other element.

8. A bar of lead is more easily bent than is a bar of aluminum of the same size.

9. Potassium metal is kept submerged in oil to prevent contact with oxygen or water.

10. An apple will turn brown is left in oxygen.

11. Diamond dust can be used to cut or grind most other materials.

12. Acid in tomato sauce can corrode aluminum foil.

13. Rocks containing carbonates can be identified because they fizz when hydrochloric acid is applied.

14. A piece of charcoal, which is mostly the substance carbon, glows red, gives off heat, and becomes a gray ash.

Page 45: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Virtual Lab for Properties of Matter

Physical and Chemical Properties

http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/BL01/BL01.html

http://vital.cs.ohio.edu/?page_id=161

Turn in results

go through tutorial

Page 46: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Day Four

Day Four

Day Four

Day Four

Page 47: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter2.1.1Two Broad Classifications

Pure Substances MixturesElements

Compounds

Homogeneous / SolutionsHeterogeneous/ Suspensions

Page 48: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter

Pure Substances:

Have a definite and consistent composition

They cannot be broken down into anything else byphysical or chemical means.

Elements and Compounds

Page 49: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter

Pure Substances: elements and compounds

1. Elements - Simplest form of pure substance.

- Consist of only one type of atom

- On periodic table ~ have a symbol

EX. oxygen, iron, carbon, silver

Page 50: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Solids, malleable, ductile, good conductors, mercury the only liquid at room temperature. Largest group of elements.

2. Nonmetals Solids and gases, brittle, poor conductors. Bromine the only liquid at room temperature.

3. Metalloids Share properties of both. Smallest group of elements.

Three Types of Elements1.

Metals

Page 51: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;
Page 52: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Properties of Metals

1. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.2. Metals are shiny, metallic luster.3. Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).4. Metals are malleable (can be pounded into sheets)5. A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.

fractureinvestigations.com

en.wikipedia.org

Page 53: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Physical Properties of Metalssolid at room temperature ~ except Hg ~ liquidsilvery to gray ~ except Au and Cu

metallic luster ~ shine

Chemical Properties of Metalslose electrons easilybonded by a metallic bond when bonding with each other

Page 54: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Properties of Non-Metals1. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and lectricity.2. Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.3. Solids are brittle and break easily.4. They are dull.5. Many non-metals are gasesPhysical Properties of

NonmetalsSolids, liquid, gases Bromine is the only liquid non metal at room temperatureCome in all colorsNo metallic lusterPoor

conductorsBrittle

Odor pungent

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals

Tend to gain electrons

Page 55: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

uncp.edu

Bromine is poured into a beaker. Bromine is very volatile; note the cloud of ...

Non metals Noble Gases

Chlorine gas

chemistry.about.com

easycalculation.com

Page 56: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Properties of Metalloids1. Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals.2. They are solids that can be shiny or dull.3. They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.4. They are ductile and malleable.

5. Along the stair case of the periodic table except: Al and At

Antimony

en.wikipedia.org

Page 57: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

1.The elements of- Aluminum, Iron, Oxygen, and Silicon make up about 88% of the earth's solid surface.2.Water on the surface and in the air as clouds and fog is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.3.The air is 99% nitrogen and oxygen.4.Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon make up 97% of a person.5.Thus almost everything you see in this picture is made up of just six elements.

Fun Facts

Page 58: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

http://www.ptable.com/

Use this table to answer the next two worksheets

Page 59: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Worksheet: What Are The Symbols For The Elements?Symbols are signs that stand for something else. Here are some symbols that you may know: $ % @ & #. What does each one stand for?

There is a symbol for each of the 106 chemical elements. There are 106 symbols because there are 106 elements. The symbols for the elements are the same all over the world. It makes no difference what country you are in or what language you speak; the chemical symbols are the same.

I. HOW DO THE ELEMENTS GET THEIR SYMBOLS?1. Often the first letter of the element’s name is the symbol for that element.2. The name of the element may begin with a letter that is already the symbol for another element. In that case, it may be the first and second letters that are used or the first letter and another letter in the name may be used to make the symbol.3. The first letter of the symbol is always capitalized. The second letter (if used) is always a lowercase letter.4. A few elements are named after places or famous scientists.

II. HOW ELEMENTS ARE NAMEDStudy the Periodic Table of Elements that you were given. Do any of the names of the elements sound familiar? They should. Some elements have ancient names of Latin and Greek origins; but many other were named for famous scientists, countries, planets, etc. With a copy of the Periodic Table before you, answer the following questions.1. There are several elements named for famous scientists. Can you find three? __________________ , __________________ , and _____________________2. There are four elements named for the planets. Can you find all four of them? __________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ , and ____________________3. There is one element named for a city in the United States and another for the state of that city. Can you find the element named for the city and the element named for the state? (Hint: They are next to each other on the table.) ___________________ and ___________________4. There are two elements named for large regions which include several countries. Do you know what these elements are called? ________________ and ________________5. Element numbers 39, 65, 68, and 70 were all named for the same city, Ytterby, Sweden. What are the names of these elements? __________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ , and ____________________6. The ancient name for France was Gaul, and the ancient name for Russia was Ruthernia. Can you find the elements named for these ancient lands? _____________________ and _______________________7. Find the elements named in honor of France, America, Poland, and Germany. __________________ , ___________________ , ___________________ , and ____________________

Page 60: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

III. ANCIENT NAMES FOR THE ELEMENTSPlumbum

Natrium

Aurum

Stibium

Argentum

Hydrargyrum (Greek)

Kalium

Ferrum

This exercise will help you to remember the symbols of some of the elements which are not similar to their modern names. The elements listed above were named in ancient times by the early Romans and Greeks. Although we do not use these names, we have kept the symbols. How many of these ancient names can you match to their modern names and symbols given below?

Modern Name Symbol Ancient Name8. Antimony Sb ___________________________9. Gold Au ___________________________10. Iron Fe ___________________________11. Silver Ag ___________________________12. Sodium Na ___________________________13. Potassium K ___________________________14. Lead Pb ___________________________15. Mercury Hg ___________________________

IV. COMPLETE SENTENCESComplete the sentences with the words below.

capital two elements symbol small16. The short way of writing an element name is called its _________________________.17. The first letter of a chemical symbol is always a ___________________ letter.18. If a chemical symbol has two letters, the second letter is always a ______________ letter.19. A chemical symbol never has more than __________ letters.20. Chemists use symbols for the names of ______________________.

Page 61: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Day Five

Day Five

Day Five Day Five

Day Five

Page 62: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

2. Compounds - Two or more elements chemically combined

Classification of Matter

- Have a definite chemical formula- Cannot be broken down by physical means

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- Can be broken down by chemical means*Compounds have different properties than the elements that make them up.Table salt has different properties than sodium, and chlorine

Elements are combined by chemical bonds = Force of attraction between elements that lose, gain or share electrons

**Binary Compounds ~ Compounds made of 2 or more elements

Page 63: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

EX. Table Salt, sugar, water, ethanol

NaCl

H2O

C2H6O

C12H22O11

Compounds

Page 64: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Compounds

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Ionic Compounds

Covalent Compounds

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2 Types of Binary Compounds we will be studying

Page 65: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

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Characteristics of Ionic compoundsSome important characteristics of ionic compounds are as follows.1. Ionic compounds are hard and rigid due to strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions. 2. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, again due to strong forces of attraction between the ions.3. Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water.4. Solid Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because their constituent ions are fixed in their positions. But, when melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electricity because the ions become free in a solution.5. Ionic compounds are crystalline due to the orderly distribution of ions in them. This gives characteristic geometrical shapes to the ionic compounds. Precipitates

Binary Ionic CompoundsCombination of a metal and nonmetal

Ionic Bond ~ Bond between metals and nonmetalsbonding is due to atoms that lose or gain

electronsThe metal atoms lose electrons ~ they are called *cationsPositive ions ~ Positive charge ( have more protons than electrons)

The nonmetals atoms gain electrons ~ they are called anionsNegative ions ~ Negative charge ( have more electrons than protons

***The charge is neutral when the atoms combine = ionic compound

Page 66: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Write the name of the first element (metal) poisitive ion (cation)

Write the root of the second element (nonmetal) negative ion (anion) add ide

Ex: NaCl : Sodium Chloride

Page 67: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

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Page 68: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter

Mixtures

Two or more substances that are not chemically combinedwith each other- they are mixed together.Composition may vary

The “things” in a mixture keep their individual properties.

May be separated by physical means

Distillation (liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed again to a

liquid)Filtering (separating contents)

Classify samples and sets of matter as a solution, colloid or suspension based on the application of characteristic properties: particle size, “settling out” of one or more components, and interaction with light (Tyndall Effect).

Page 70: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter

Mixtures:

1. Homogeneous Mixtures

A true solution

EX. sugar water, coke, salt water, homogenized milk, blood

Homogeneous

and Heterogeneous

The components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.

~ Solutions

Uniform in appearance

Particles cannot be seen

Page 71: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Blood Plasma Image: Blood Plasmamedicalook.com

Homogeneous Mixtures ~ Solutions

sugar water

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homogenized milk

coke

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Page 72: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Solutions and SolubilityParts of a Solution

1. Solute

What is being dissloved

2. SolventWhat is doing the

dissolving

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute a solvent can dissolve at a certain temperature

Expressed as grams of solute in 100 grams of solvent (usually water)

g of solute

100 grams of water

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http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html

Page 73: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Solutions and Solubility

1. Unsaturated Solutions

can dissolve more solute at a given temperaturecontains less than the maximum amount of solute

Contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperaturecannot dissolve any more

2. Saturated Solutions

Supersaturated SolutionsContains more solute at a certain temperature because it has been heated

Page 74: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Effect of Temperature on Solubility

Solubility·depends on temperature·of most solids increases as temperature increases·of gases decreases as temperature increases

Solubility Curve

Page 75: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Solubility and Pressure

Henry’s law states: ·the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid·at higher pressures, more gas molecules dissolve in the liquid

Page 76: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

At 40 °C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g of H2O.Identify the following solutions as either (S) saturated or (U) unsaturated. Explain.A. 60 g KBr added to 100 g of water at 40 °C.B. 200 g KBr added to 200 g of water at 40 °C.C. 25 g KBr added to 50 g of water at 40 °C.

Learning Check

Page 77: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Increasing Solubility

1. grind solute increase surface area

2. increase temperature3. stir solute

Concentration Diluted

Page 78: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Types of Solutions

Solute Solvent Examples

Page 79: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

Classification of Matter

2. Heterogeneous Mixtures ~ SuspensionsNot uniform in

composition

EX. oil and vinegar, raw milk

- has physically distinct parts with different properties - non-uniform throughout.

- individual components can be seen

- beef stew, tossed salad, chex mix, nuts and bolts

Page 80: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;

2. Heterogeneous Mixtures ~ Suspensions

Classification of Matter

EX. oil and vinegar, raw milk, muddy water, paint

Suspensions

Heterogeneous mixtures that separate into layershas to be shaken or stirred to get a uniformity in it.

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Page 81: Priority Standard PSc.2.1Understand types, properties, and structure of matter. Supporting Standards P Sc.2.1.1 Classify matter as: homogeneous or heterogeneous;