Printable Yours Youth and Road Safety Action Kit 1

7/31/2019 Printable Yours Youth and Road Safety Action Kit 1

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Youth and Road SafetyAction Kit


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Young people have the most to gain from improvements to road safety, as

it is their lives which are most at risk on the worlds roads. They also have

an enormous potential to make important contributions as advocates and

implementers of road safety initiatives. WHO is pleased to support

YOURS - Youth for Road Safety in its work with youth from around the world,

including its efforts to build their capacities for advocacy.

Etienne Krug

Director, Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability

World Health Organization

I participated in YOURS road safety workshop at the Muscat Youth Summit and

learned so much from it. I didnt realise that road safety was such a big issue in

the world with over 1000 young people dying every day! After the workshop,

I spread the message with my friends and family and I know that this Action Kit

will give young people like me the knowledge we need to be safe on the roads.

Samar F. AlChahef

19 yearsLebanon

The African region has one of the highest fatality rates from road trafc crashes

in the world and most victims are young people like myself. We have the right,

responsibility, and capability to change this situation. This Youth and Road Safety

Action Kitis an essential addition to our road safety toolbox. It will help us develop

our capacities to become safer road users and effective advocates for road

safety.

Sheila Atieno

25 years

Kenya

Road trafc injuries are globally the leading cause of death for young people.

This is unacceptable and avoidable. Youth themselves play an important role in

preventing these tragedies, for example by being role models, talking with their

peers, and advocating for improved road safety wherever they are. At Michelin,

founding member of YOURS Youth for Road Safety, we encourage young

people around the world to use this Action Kit and get involved to stop further

loss and suffering on the roads.

Patrick Lepercq

Corporate Vice-President of Public Affairs

Michelin


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Youth and Road Saety Action Kit 01

YOURS Youth or Road Saety is a unique global youth-led organisation that

acts to make the worlds roads sae or young people. YOURS has three ocus

areas: advocating or youth and road saety issues; inspiring young people and

enabling them to network and share inormation; and developing young peoples

capacities, their understanding and skills. YOURS has a growing global youth

network or road saety, striving to include youth representatives in all countries in

the world working together to beat the global road saety crisis. YOURS is also an

ofcial member o the United Nations Road Saety Collaboration.

To nd out more, visit: www.youthorroadsaety.org.

How it all startedThe rst ever World Youth Assembly or Road Saety was held during the rst UnitedNations Global Road Saety Week in 2007, providing a unique opportunity or youthrom around the world to collaborate on global road saety issues. Together, morethan 200 young delegates rom over 100 countries discussed ways in which nationalsuccess stories can be disseminated, and explored dierent methods o implementingthe Youth Declaration or Road Saety. At the Assembly, these young delegates wereinspired, empowered, and encouraged to serve as ambassadors at home and abroadby advocating road saety in their country, region, and the global community at large.

The idea o a global, youth-led, non-governmental organisation (NGO) or road saetywas born during this Assembly. With the support o the World Health Organization anda generous grant rom Michelin, YOURS Youth or Road Saety was launched in late2009 during the First Global Ministerial Conerence on Road Saety, and ully endorsed

by world leaders.

Introduction

YOURS - Youth or Road Saety

M.Kokic/WHO

Find out more about the World Youth Assembly or Road Saety and check the Youth Declaration or RoadSaety on YOURS website: www.youthorroadsaety.org/resources.


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Youth and Road Saety Action Kit02

Introduction

Welcome

YOURS - Youth or Road Saety and the International Union or Health Promotion

and Education (IUHPE) are glad to present the Youth and Road Safety Action Kit.

As organisations dedicated to making roads sae or young people, improving the healtho people and communities, and contributing to a airer world, we strongly supportyouth involvement in road saety.

As such, YOURS and IUHPE are involved in a number o programmes aimed atreducing road trac injuries and improving inrastructures environments and behaviorsto make road travel saer or all. The Centers or Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)has lent its technical assistance and evidence-based strategies to our eorts throughthe National Center or Injury Prevention and Control, and recently declared motorvehicle injury prevention as a winnable battle.

We take an approach that engages multiple sectors and promotes win-win outcomes.For example, saer roads not only lead to ewer road trac crashes, injuries, anddeaths, but also to increased levels o physical activity rom walking and biking,decreased air pollution, and a cleaner environment.

To improve road saety, all actors o society need to contribute to making programmes

practical, sustainable, and adapted to local needs and cultural and social contexts.

This is why we see the role o YOURS as crucial in the current global context, and theproduction o this Kit very timely given the recent launch o the UN Decade o Action orRoad Saety 2011-2020.

We are pleased to present this resource to introduce young individuals andorganisations to road saety and to motivate them to become actively involved. I youwant to contribute, this Kit is perect to get you started. Read it, practice it, disseminateit, and share your experiences with us!

Floor Lieshout

Director

YOURS Youth or Road Saety

Marie-Claude Lamarre

Executive Director

International Union orHealth Promotion and Education

Welcome!


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Contents

The Road Map

3836

11

25 26 40 42

13 241008

12

Scope of the Problem

Youth and Road Traffic Injuries

How Crashes Happen

Key Risk Factors

08

10

12

13

Part 1The Global RoadSafety Crisis

Where to Start

Beyond Getting Started

Planning and Implementing Road

Safety Projects

24

25

26

Part 2Time for Action

Briefing on Partnership Building

Briefing on Community Participation

Briefing on Networking

Briefing on Fundraising

Glossary of Terms

References

36

38

40

42

44

45

Part 3Briefings to Keep Going


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Introduction

All About This Kit

Why an Action KitRoad trac injuries can be prevented. There is no doubt. Countries like Australia,Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UnitedKingdom have made tremendous progress in making their roads saer. In Vietnam,

deaths rom road trac crashes dropped by 12.2% and injuries by 24.3% in just oneyear in 20081. In So Jos dos Campos, a city in Brazil, road trac atalities decreasedsignicantly between 2007 and 2008. The number o people admitted to hospital as aresult o a crash went down, the survival rate o these people went up, and the lengtho time they stayed in hospital decreased2. This did not happen by magic. Eectivemeasures to make roads saer exist. They include establishing and enorcing lawsrequiring the use o seatbelts, helmets, and child car seats; mandating speed anddrinking and driving limits; enhancing the saety eatures o roads and vehicles; andimproving post-crash care or victims o road crashes.

However, the world is still struggling with increasing road deaths and injuries. We stilllose nearly 1.3 million people rom road crashes every year. And millions more are letinjured. These are not merely statistics. Behind each number is a person, a amily, ariend, and a story o how li e can change in an instant. Deanna Blanchard was killed bya speeding bus in Egypt as she was trying to cross the Nile Corniche, a very busy road

in Maadi. Deanna loved sports, reading, and playing piano; she wanted to be a pediatricdentist. Mansoor Chaudhry owned a music recording studio in the United Kingdom.He was 26 when a van driver crossed the red light and crashed into his motorcycle.Mansoor sustained terrible injuries and was transported by air ambulance to the nearesthospital where he was declared dead two hours later. Grace Mbuli Kithiki was travelingin a cargo in the back o a lorry in Kenya when the vehicle overturned and rolled overmore than three times. She knew it was not a sae way to travel but it was the onlyway available where she was. Grace is now in a wheelchair with severe back pain anddiscomort. She tries to stay cheerul but it is dicult or her to remember what her lieused to be beore the crash. Grace was once able to walk and now she cant3.

These tragedies take a heavy toll on young people. Road crashes remain the biggestkiller o young people between 15-29 years around the world. More than 1,000 youngpeople lose their lives on the worlds roads every day. All o them are uture mothers,athers, physicians, workers, teachers, and artists. And i each one o them had onlytwo dreams, then we are losing more than 2000 dreams daily.

The good news is that the world is no longer turning a blind eye to this crisis. Morethan 100 governments around the world signed a UN General Assembly resolutionthat dedicates 10 years, 2011-2020, to road saety. At the same time, more and moreyoung people around the world are recognising the magnitude o the problem. In

response, many o us have become active, raising awareness o those around us andencouraging our leaders to take decisive action to prevent road trac injuries.

This Youth and Road Safety Action Kit is intended to support this movement,introducing young individuals and organisations to road saety, particularly youth issues,and providing the knowledge we need to implement road saety projects. The Kit isone o YOURS contributions to the Decade o Action. It is YOURS rst publication andwill be the key document used in our capacity development activities. YOURS will alsodisseminate the Kit through the global youth network, support its translation into asmany languages as possible, and encourage its use and adaptation by young peoplearound the world.

It is time or us to speak up and have our voices heard. We have a right to be part othe solution not just victims o this crisis. We also have a responsibility to act to preventurther suering. It doesnt matter who you are or where you are rom, your lie is

precious. We have to do our part in protecting ourselves and those around us.

Over 30% o road crash victims are

children and young people under25 years.

More than 100 countries around theworld signed a UN resolution thatdedicates 10 years, 2011-2020, orroad saety.


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Introduction

All About This Kit

Decade o Action or Road

Saety 2011-2020In 2010, during the 65th United Nations General Assembly, governments around the world took the historic

decision to increase action to address the road saety crisis over the next ten years. They adopted a resolution

announcing the Decade o Action or Road Saety 2011-2020.

Through the Decade, countries around the world have committed to a range o activities to make roads saer. Theseinclude developing and enorcing laws to limit speed, reduce drink-driving, and increase the use o seatbelts, childrestraints, and motorcycle helmets. Actions will also be taken to improve emergency trauma care, upgrade road andvehicle saety standards, and promote road saety education. In order to prepare or the Decade, a Global Plan hasbeen developed to provide an overall ramework or activities.

To nd out more, visit www.who.int/roadsaety/decade_o_action and www.decadeoaction.org.

The Youth and Road Safety Action Kit is or youth around the world, regardless o theirlocation, background, or experience. It is also a handy resource or young individualsand organisations already active in road saety.

The Kit consists o three parts. The rst part provides inormation on the global roadsaety crisis with a particular ocus on young people. The second is a guide on how youcan get on board. It gives you ideas or what you can do and provides basic inormationyou need to implement your own road saety projects. The third part consists o a set obriengs on key actions and processes that can make your project a success: buildingpartnerships; community participation; networking; and undraising. Throughout the Kityou will also nd exciting examples o projects other young people have carried out togive you inspiration.

The Kit is intended as a simple guide or increasing youth involvement in road saety.Thereore it does not cover topics in detail but provides summary inormation anddirects you to where you can nd out more. Throughout the text, you will nd key termshighlighted, with denitions given in the glossary on pg 44. For more inormation aboutroad saety and to help you in implementing your road saety project, check out all thereerences used or this Kit and additional material in the Resources section on YOURSwebsite, www.youthorroadsaety.org/resources.

We hope you enjoy reading this Kit and nd it useul. Your eedback is very importantto us. Please share your thoughts, questions, and ideas. You can reach us throughour website, www.youthorroadsaety.org, or by searching Youth or Road Saety onFacebook and Twitter.

How to use this Kit


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Part 1The Global Road Saety Crisis


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Road trafc injuries as a growing public health concern

- Around the world, road trac injuries cause 1.3 million deaths and 20-50 million injurieseach year. Some o these injuries lead to lie long disabili ty including brain and spinalcord injury4.

- Road trac injuries are the leading cause o death among young people aged 1529.

- Unless serious action is taken, road trac deaths are expected to increase by 67% by2020 and become the th leading cause o death by 2030. I this happens, road traccrashes will cause an estimated 1.9 million atalities each year by 2020 and 2.4 millionatalities each year by 20305,6.

Road trafc injuries as a threat to sustainable development

- Most countries invest in building and improving their road inrastructure systems.Transportation improves quality o lie by giving people access to important things suchas employment, education, and health services. However, saety measures must gohand in hand with road inrastructure development or transportation can come at ahigh price.

- More than 90% o road trac deaths occur in low and middle-income counties (LMICs).The numbers o atalities in these countries are projected to rise more than anywhere elsein the world in the uture4.

- Road trac crashes not only have a high cost in terms o lives, but also nancially.The global monetary cost o road trac injuries is more than US$500 billion each year

or 1-3% o each countrys Gross National Product (GNP). This refects costs o medicaltreatment, rehabilitation, loss o productivity (ewer days at work), legal costs, and muchmore. Road trac crashes cost LMICs amounts that exceed the total unds theyreceive in ocial development assistance4.

- More than hal o all road trac deaths occur among individuals between 15 and 44years o age and 73% o those who lose their lives are male3. This means that victimsare in the prime o lie and oten breadwinners or their amilies. Their loss can pushtheir amilies urther into poverty. On a national level this will lead to major losses inproductivity and workorce which can seriously challenge the economic sustainabilityo a country.

Road trafc injuries as a social equity issue

- In addition to all the other problems they ace, people living in poor economic settings

are at higher risk o road trac injuries or many reasons, including worse roads, lessawareness and education, and less access to quality health services.

- By 2020, atalities are predicted to increase by 80% in LMICs and decrease by 30%in high-income countries (HICs).

- Almost 50% o crash victims are more vulnerable road users such as pedestriansand cyclists4.

- Road trac injuries have higher impact on the poor even in HICs5. For example, in theUnited Kingdom and Sweden, poorer people are more likely to be involved in a crashthan their more afuent counterparts.

Part 1

Scope o the Problem

Public health:The science and art o

promoting health, preventingdisease, and prolonging lie.

Sustainable development:A process o changethat meets the needso the present without

compromising the ability outure generations to meet

their own needs.

Social equity:A state where people

living in a community haveair access to education,

employment, healthcare, andother resources, and poor

people are not at greaterrisk rom threats, such as

diseases, because o theirlower income

At a time when the world is acing manyproblems such as hunger, poverty, naturaldisasters, and wars, why ocus on roadsaety? Arent there more important thingsto work towards? This section explainsbriefy how road trac injuries threatenpublic health, sustainable development,and social equity and why this global crisisdeserves attention now.

Scope o the Problem


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Part 1

Scope o the Problem

Roadtrafc

injuriescause1.3milliondeathseach

year.

Roadtrafccrashescause20-50millioninjurieseachyear.

Road

trafccrashesare theleading

causeo death

among

youngpeople

aged1529.

Road trafc

deaths are

expected toincrease by

67% by 2020

unless serious

action is taken.

More than 90%o road trafcdeaths occur inlow and middle-income countries.

Almost50% ocrashvictimsaremorevulnerable

roaduserssuch aspedestriansandcyclists.

Road trafc

injuries account

or more than

US$500 billion

each year.


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Part 1

Youth and Road Trac Injuries

Young people under the age o 25

years are the main victims o road

trafc crashes worldwide. More

young people aged between 15-29die rom road crashes than rom

HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis,

or homicide. This means that road

saety is a serious threat to youth

no matter where they are.

This section gives more inormation

about the problem and explains

why young people are particularly

at risk.

Youth and RoadTrafc Injuries

Spotlight Stories

Project: Road Saety throughthe National Youth Parliament (NYP)Where: The GambiaBig idea: Use the National YouthParliament orum to raiseawareness about road saetyand mobilise young peopleto take action.

How they did it:The NYP partnered with the Gambian Red Cross Society to address road saety. Together,they reached thousands o youth through capacity building activities, community outreach, and mediacampaigns. They also engaged with the government and worked collectively with other stakeholders toinfuence government policy. As a result, Gambias Motor Trac Act 2008, which mandates the use oseatbelts in vehicles and prohibits mobile phone use while driving, was created.

Key message: Formal structures such as parliaments or pressure groups can be powerul channels tospread the road saety message and bring government attention to the issue.

More inormation: [email protected]


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11Youth and Road Saety Action Kit

Part 1

Youth and Road Trac Injuries

Find out more

Youth and Road Saety. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. Available in the Resources section on YOURS website.

Environmental context

For example:

- Roads that do not cater to the needs o all roadusers such as pedestrians and children

- Pedestrians and cyclists sharing the road withmotorized trac

- Insucient enorcement o saety laws

Why are young people at increased risk?

Three main actors come together to put youth at more risk o road trac crashesworldwide: age, inexperience, and gender. This is in addition to actors that put allage groups at greater risk, including lack o laws or road saety, insucient lawenorcement, and worn out roads and vehicles.

What do we know?

- Road trac injuries are the leading cause o death among 15-29 year olds, causingmore deaths than HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis.

- Over 30% o those killed and injured in road trac crashes are less than 25 years old.

- Among drivers, young males under the age o 25 years are almost three times as

likely to be killed as emales o this age7

.- Most young people killed by road trac injuries live in LMICs and are vulnerable road

users pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and users o public transport.

- The socioeconomic condition o a amily aects the likelihood o a child or youngadult being killed or injured in a road trac crash. Those rom economically poorbackgrounds, in both richer and poorer countries, are at greatest risk7.

InexperienceNew drivers need to think about their driving actions,which can cause mental overload and distraction.

They are less able to perceive hazards, control thevehicle, or make decisions

Age

Young people:

- Are less able to assess risk

- Test their boundaries

- Overestimate their abilities

- Have high levels o sensation seeking behaviour

- Are infuenced by their peers

GenderMales are more inclined to risk-taking andsensation seeking behaviour. They are morelikely to overestimate their abilities.


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Part 1

How Crashes Happen

The road trac system consists o three parts: the road andwider environment, the vehicle, and the individual (road user).

The characteristics o these components and the interactionbetween them aect road trac crashes and the resulting injuries.For example, a person who is driving on a road that is unlit, in acar that has bad brakes, or without wearing a seatbelt is morelikely to be seriously injured than someone who is driving on awell-lit road, in a car that is in good condition, and is buckled up.

How they did it: Ater the World Youth Assembly or Road Saety in 2007, the Canadian delegates wereenergised more than ever. They ormed the CRSYC and created its strategic plan; a p lan to engagegovernmental agencies and NGOs with young people. The group successully gained representation on theCanadian Association o Road Saety Proessionals, the Canadian Global Road Saety Committee, and thePlanning Committee or the Canadian Multidiscipl inary Road Saety Conerence. They provide input, contributeto the work o these groups, and have already infuenced road saety policies and programmes.

Key message: Young people can be involved in making change at all levels. Building strong partnerships wi thkey organisations, remaining ocused on your goal, and maintaining good communication with stakeholdersare essential.

More inormation: [email protected], www.youthroadsaety.ca

Spotlight Stories

Project: Canadian Road SaetyYouth Committee (CRSYC)Where: CanadaBig idea: Represent theyoung people o Canada innational road saety initiativesand organisations.

Haddon Matrix

How Crashes Happen

Human errors are responsible or most trac crashes, and human errors cannot becompletely eliminated. Humans will make mistakes. The other parts o the road tracsystem, the vehicle and the road and environment, need to be designed and managed in away that minimises the risk o injury and death i a crash occurs. For example, crashes thathappen on a road where appropriate speed limits are set and enorced are less likelyto result in serious injuries.

It also helps to look at road trac injuries using a timerame lens: beore (pre-crash), during,and ater a crash (post-crash). For example, in the beore-the-crash phase we might thinkabout a person who has astened a seatbelt or worn a helmet, a vehicle that is in goodcondition, and roads that ollow saety standards. In the during-the-crash phase, thecrash-protective design o the vehicle might prevent serious injuries or death. Ater thecrash, the availability o quality emergency medical services might save a persons lie.

I we combine the timeline with the parts o the road trac system, we get the Haddon

Matrix below. The Matrix is a basic way to understand the actors that contribute to thenumber and outcome o road trac crashes and we can use it to think about how atalitiesand injuries can be reduced. For example, in addition to telling a child not to run across theroad on the way to school (addressing human behaviour in the pre-crash phase), we canwork to slow trac down so much around schools (addressing road environment in thepre-crash phase) so i a child does get hit, the injuries will be less serious8.

FACTORS

PHASE HUMANVEHICLES ANDEQUIPMENT

ENVIRONMENT

Inormation

AttitudesImpairmentPolice enorcement

Use o restraintsImpairment

Occupant restraintsOther saety devicesCrash-protective design

Crash-protectiveroadside objects

Roadworthiness

LightingBrakingHandlingSpeed Management

Road design and road

layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian acilities

First-aid skillAccess to medics

Ease o accessFire risk

Rescue acilitiesCongestion

Pre-crash Crash

prevention

Crash Injury

prevention

during the

crash

Post-crash Life

sustaining


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Tip

In your country, or even your specic area, one risk actor or another can be the main contributor to road trac injuries among youth.Find out which risk actors are more prevalent in your area and what is being done about them.

- Non-use o seatbelts

- Speeding

- Drinking alcohol and using drugs

- Non-use o helmets

- Distracted driving

- Fatigue

- Not being visible enough on

the roads

There are several risk actorsthat contribute to road trafc

injuries among youth. In theollowing pages, we take alook at each o the ollowingactors to understand moreabout the problem.

Key Risk Factors


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Non-use o Seatbelts

Seatbelts save lives: it is now known that the simple actiono belting up has saved more lives than any other roadsaety intervention in history.

Still have an excuse not to wear your seatbelt? Here aresome common excuses and why they just dont cut it.


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

The aster you are going the more likelyyou are to be involved in a crash10.

The greater your speed, the moredistance is covered while you makedecisions and take action to avoid acollision, so your reaction will come verylate. Also, the aster you are going, thelonger it takes or the vehicle to stopwhen you do brake. This means that thechances o avoiding a collision becomesmaller as your speed increases.

Speed

Crashes at higher speeds cause moresevere injuries than those at lowerspeeds10.

The higher the speed, the more kineticor movement energy the vehicle and you(the driver or passengers) are carrying.Thereore more energy is released whencolliding into another vehicle or stationaryobject, such as a tree or wall. Part o theenergy released will be absorbed by theobjects involved in the crash and part wil l

be absorbed by the human body, causinginjuries. Our human body is vulnerableand there is only so much energy it canhandle without being seriously damaged.The more energy, the greater the damage.

Pedestrians, cyclists, and persons inlighter vehicles will have more severeinjuries i hit by a speeding vehicle.

In the case o a collision, the energy

released will be absorbed more by thelighter side, be it a pedestrian, cyclist,or a smaller vehicle, because thedierence in mass is large. In addition,pedestrians and cyclists are totallyunprotected, unlike individuals within theiron body o a vehicle, with a seatbeltand airbag.

Fact 1

Find out more

The Royal Society or the Prevention o Accidents in the UK has created Top Ten Tips to Stay Within the Limit,Available in the Resources section on YOURS website.

Why?

Fact 2

Why?

Did you know that?

At 50 km/h, a moving vehicle has almostthe same energy as 20 red bullets. Anypassenger in the car has about the sameenergy as two red bullets. So i a cardriving at 50 km/h with only a driver in ithits a pedestrian, it has the same eectas 22 bullets hitting that person.

How they did it: Fondei Ma Bori teamed with the FIA Foundation or the Automobile and Society whichprovided unding to recruit 100 peer educators. The project has helped raise awareness o issues suchas helmet use, drink driving prevention, and visibility among 25,000 young people in Nigers schools andcolleges. Through its advocacy eorts Fondei Ma Bori also succeeded in infuencing the government toincrease enorcement o a helmet law or motorcyclists.

Key message: Dont be araid to approach donors or unding: with their support your messagecan reach nationwide.More inormation: [email protected], [email protected]

Spotlight Stories

Project: Fondei Ma BoriWhere: NigerBig idea: Educate youngpeople about road saetyusing a peer-to-peerapproach.

Fact 3

Why?


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Key Risk Factors

Alcohol and Drug UseAlcohol and drug consumption by road users resultsin a higher crash rate. These substances impact on

human behaviour and judgment. No person is tooskilled, too big, or too clever to avoid the eects.

The ollowing questions and answers help explainmore about the eects o alcohol and some drugs.

How they did it: Talking to young people about alcohol and drugs and road saety is not easy. Vida Urgenteused a peer-to-peer approach: young people talking to young people about anti-drink dr iving in a riendly andnon-authoritative way.

Key message: Talking to young people in their own terms is an eective way to pass on road saetymessages.

More inormation: www.vidaurgente.org.br, [email protected]

Spotlight Stories

Project: Madrugada Viva(Dawn Alive) Vida UrgenteWhere: BrazilBig idea: Encourage youngclub and party goers to makesae decisions and not drinkor use drugs beore driving.

Blood Alcohol

Concentration (BAC) is

a measurement of

alcohol in the blood. It

can be expressed

using different units of

volume and mass. For

example, a BAC of

0.05 g/100 ml means

that in every 100 ml of

blood there are 0.05

grams of alcohol.

Many countries are

enforcing BAC limits

on drivers to reduce

road traffic injuries.

Police can stop any

driver to check their

BAC. All the driver has

to do is breathe into a

device called a

breathalyser which

detects how much

alcohol is in his

or her blood.

Did youknowthat?Drivers with a BAC of

0.05 g/100 ml are

40% more likely to get

involved in a crash

than those who

havent consumed any

alcohol.

At a BAC of 0.1 g/100

ml the crash rate is

almost four times

higher, and even 20

times higher at a BAC

of 0.15 /100 ml or

more13

Q: How does alcohol aect driving?A: Even a small quantity o alcohol can have the ollowing eects:

- Poor coordination: trouble doing more than one thing at a time, diculty steeringthe car.

- Longer reaction time: reacting more slowly when something unexpected happens

(a car approaching you rom the side, people crossing the street).

- Poor judgment: trouble judging your and other peoples behaviour(including speed, distances, movement) and estimating risks.

- Reduction in concentration, memory, vision and hearing:ocusing only on the road ahead, losing track o what is taking place in yourperipheral vision area, missing out on things you see and hear.

- False sense o condence and overestimation o abilities: eeling more condentand taking risks that you would not usually take.

This combination o reduced ability and more risk taking is a dangerous mix!

Q: Why does alcohol have this eect?

A: Alcohol is a nervous system depressant or a downer. It has a numbing eect on thebrain making it slower and less able to concentrate.

Q: How soon does the eect o alcohol start?A: Ater it enters your blood it only takes 10 minutes or alcohol to reach your brain.

Q: How much can I drink?A: To stay sae do not drink at all when you will be driving. Research shows that a singledrink increases the risk o death or serious injury by ve times12.

You do not have to be drunk or alcohol to aect your driving. Your driving abilitieswill be reduced even i you eel perectly normal. I you are awake and can hold aconversation with your riends it does not mean that you can drive saely.

Q: What can help reduce the concentration o alcohol

in my blood?A: The only remedy to alcohol is time, allowing your body to break down the alcohol.The liver breaks down alcohol at a rate o approximately one standard drink per hour.

A standard drink is a drink which contains about 10 grams o alcohol. Restaurantsusually serve alcohol in standard drink size glasses. Wine, however, is normally soldin 140 ml or 200 ml glasses. One 200 ml glass o wine contains approximately twostandard drinks. Glasses used at home are likely to be bigger than the standard drinksize. The labels on alcoholic drink bottles and cans sometimes show the number ostandard drinks they contain.

Exercising, drinking coee, taking cold showers, vomiting, resh air, and other things

can make you eel more alert but will not reduce your blood alcohol concentration.

Part 1


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Did you

knowthat?BAC also affects injury

severity. Drivers with

more than 0.15 g/100

ml of alcohol in their

blood are about two

hundred times more

likely to die in a road

crash than sober

drivers13.

Did youknowthat?Alcohol consumption

affects all road users

including motorcyclists.

For motorcyclists,

having a BAC over 0.05

g/100 ml increases their

crash risk by up to 40

times compared to

having a zero BAC15.

Did youknowthat?Drinking coffee or

energy drinks does not

reduce the influence of

alcohol on your body. It

may make you feel

more alert, but this can

wear off leaving you

tired and drowsy in the

middle of your journey.

How they did it:Youth rom TeamAlert developed De Witte Waas, a campaign about the dangers o usingdrugs and alcohol and driving. They attended music estivals and talked to young visitors, handing outgadgets to support their message. The campaign has been running since 2008 and reaches 97,000 peopleevery year.

Key message: It can be dicult to introduce new ideas or concepts to people. Take time to talk to youngpeople in environments they are comortable in.

More inormation: [email protected], www.teamalert.nl

Spotlight Stories

Project: De Witte Waas -TeamAlertWhere: The NetherlandsBig idea: Target youngpeople at music estivals.

Q: Can I drink and drive as long as my breath doesnt

smell o alcohol?

A: No. Alcohol is actually odourless. It has no smell. What you think is the smell oalcohol is the odour o things that are added to alcoholic beverages. So i your breathdoesnt smell o alcohol it does not mean you have no alcohol in your body and that youare sae.

Q: What is the eect o taking medicines or drugs on

my driving?A: The type o drug or medicine aects the way it infuences driving:

- Medicines such as codeine and benzodiazepines (sleeping pills, tranquilisers,and anti-anxiety medications) can result in absent-mindedness as well as poorcoordination and judgment and reduced ability to control the vehicle14.

- Amphetamines, ecstasy, and cocaine are uppers or stimulants; they make users

eel more energetic and alert. So drivers drive aster and more aggressively and takemore risks though their driving skills are reduced: they have less ability to controlthe vehicle, judge distances, coordinate their actions, and make sound decisions14.

- Cannabis users eel relaxed and euphoric. They are high or stoned. Whentranslated into driving, this means their reaction time is longer, their coordinationdecreases, and their memory is aected14.

Q: What about the impact o mixing alcohol and

drugs?A: Using drugs with or ater drinking alcohol is never a good idea. People who combinealcohol and drugs are twice as likely to be involved in a crash as those drinking alcoholalone. Drivers with a BAC o more than 0.08 g/100 ml who combine drugs with alcoholare a hundred times more likely to be injured in a road crash13.

Remember

- I you drink, do not drive. Even one drink will aect your driving perormance.

- Plan alternative ways to get home beore you go out: designate someone who hasnot been drinking; use public transport; catch a taxi; stay the night; ask a parent i itis possible or them or another adult to pick you up, etc.

- Have a back up plan so i your original plan doesnt work out you know what to do.


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Non-use o Helmets

Wearing a helmet is the single most eective way o protecting yoursel. So why do somany motorcyclists and cyclists hit the road without a helmet? Below are a range o

common myths, and explanations about the reality.

Myth: Helmets are just hats so they cant protect the head.Reality: Unlike hats, helmets have our major components that work together to protectyour head rom injuries: a rigid outer shell; an impact absorbing liner; a comort padding;and a retention system to buckle up. Only impact-tested and approved helmets thatpass certain government standards or saety should be used.

Myth: Helmets block your ability to see.Reality: Full-ace helmets can reduce your vision when looking down, but this is notwhat matters. What is more important is your ability to see what is happening on yoursides, in your peripheral vision, and this is not aected when wearing a helmet. Helmetsgive you ull ability to see what is happening in your surroundings.

Myth: Helmets prevent you rom hearing dangers, so youre saer without them.Reality: Helmets lower sounds and noises but do not eliminate them. Tests have shownthat all sounds can be heard very clearly when wearing a helmet so you do not have toworry about missing any danger signals. Not only that, but helmets actually protect yourears rom wind sounds and rom ear drum damage that can occur at speeds o morethan 100 km/hr.

Myth: There is no point wearing a helmet when you are traveling at low speeds.Reality: Even at low speeds, the orce at which your head will hit another surace canresult in severe injuries.

Find out more

www.asiainjury.orgwww.helmetvaccine.org

On a motorcycle or bike your body is totally exposed,with no metallic ramework or protection and no

seatbelt to hold you in your seat. Most injuriesresulting rom motorcycle crashes are head injuries.In European countries, head injuries contribute toaround 75% o deaths among motorcycle users. Thisgure rises to 88% in some LMICs16. Head injuriesthat do not result in death may still have along-term impact.

Did youknowthat?In many LMICs most

traffic deaths are

among motorcylists.

For instance, 27% of

road deaths in India

are among users of

motorized

two-wheelers.

This figure is between

7090% in Thailand,

and about 60% in

Malaysia16.

Did youknowthat?Motorcycles are the

main vehicle used for

transportation in many

LMICs. For example, in

India, 69% of the total

number of motor

vehicles are motorized

two-wheelers, such as

motorcycles16.


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Distracted DrivingMultitasking and driving dont mix. Even or skilledand experienced drivers, driving saely requires that

you use most, i not all, o your mental capacity: itdoesnt take much or your driving to be distracted.

For example, when talking on a mobile phone, one o your hands is holding the phone;your mind is on your conversation; your attention is on the sounds coming rom thephone; and although your eyes are on the road, you will not be really seeing whatis happening around you. Using an earpiece will not solve the problem. You still haveto press a button to take the call; your attention will still be on the voice o the persontalking to you, your mind will be processing what you are hearing, and youll be thinkingo what to say next. The only distraction you have avoided is that o having to carry thephone in your hand.

The result is that drivers using a phone to talk, text, or browse the internet are less able

to stay in the appropriate lane, detect any changes around them and respond in time.Drivers talking on the phone are also more likely to exceed the speed limit and notmaintain a consistent speed. When texting, people oten drive at lower speeds, but theirdelayed reaction time and inability to maintain appropriate lane positions and assesstrac conditions still makes texting while driving extremely dangerous.

How they did it: Tune into Trac transmits its road saety message online. It uses viral videos and onlinenetworks to deliver messages creatively. One o its amous videos is 40 seconds long and ocuses onyoung people being distracted on the road by music. The project has also partnered with schools to deliverworkshops, all with no budget.

Key message: Starting a road saety project doesnt have to be very dicult, especially using online tools.Think about creative road saety messages; they are remembered more easily.

More inormation: www.tuneintotrac.co.uk, [email protected]

Spotlight Stories

Project: Tune into TracWhere: United KingdomBig idea: Promote an anti-distractionsmessage to young pedestrians.

Find out more

Mobile phone use: a growing problem o driver distraction.Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011,available in the Resources section on YOURS website.

Did you

knowthat?Because you have to

look at your phone

instead of the road,

texting or using a

phone to check email

or browse the web can

have a bigger impact

on your driving ability

than consuming

cannabis.


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

Thankully, atigue doesnt usually onset suddenly. There are warning signs that,i taken seriously, can save your, and others, lives.

Once were aware were sleepy, there is a range o things we do to try to

overcome atigue:

- Drink coee or caeinated drinks or take caeine pills;

- Open windows or turn on the air conditioner or an;

- Talk to other passengers in the car;

- Eat;

- Stop to walk or exercise;

- Listen to loud music.

The problem is NONE o these work. These quick xes might give you a boost oenergy or alertness or a very short time but their eect will soon wear o and you

eel as tired and drowsy as beore - i not more. The only thing that works is havingenough sleep beore your trip and taking regular nap breaks on the way.

Tips to stay sae

Dont schedule driving trips beore your usual wake-up time or ateryour usual bed time.

Get a good nights sleep beore driving.

Plan your trip ahead o time.

Take regular breaks when driving or long periods and when tired pullover in a sae place and rest.

I possible, drive during daylight hours.

I you are on any medication with drowsiness as a side-eect,postpone your trip, have a riend drive you, or take a bus,train, or taxi.

Fatigue

How they did it: Awladna, a group o enthusiastic young people, created a three-minute advertisementocusing on the importance o restraining children in car seats and watching them closely around the roads.With no budget, they got help rom their riends to obtain a proessional camera and a studio and went aroundthe city convincing people to allow them to lm in their homes and stores. Their advertisement won a prize atthe Muscat Film Festival in Oman. Check it out on Youtube (www.youtube.com/watch?v=B64cSxWa8g0).

Key message: With a hardworking and committed group o young people, nothing is impossible. By beingcreative and working together you can overcome many obstacles.

More inormation: www.awladnaoman.org

Spotlight Stories

Project: Awladna, Our ChildrenWhere: OmanBig idea: Raise awarenessamong parents and childrenabout the dangers childrenace on the roads.

Its easy to convince yoursel that you can still

concentrate on the road despite being tired.Only older people and truck drivers all asleepbehind the wheel, right?

Unortunately, this is not true. Research has shownthat atigue also aects young people and can causecrashes by slowing reaction time, reducing awareness,and impairing judgment.

- You yawn requently

- Your eyes eel sore or tired- Youre bored, irritable, or restless

- It takes you longer to react

- Its dicult to concentrate

- You dont check your driving mirrorsas requently

- You wander o your lane

- Your driving speed is inconsistent, yound yoursel driving aster or slower

- You brake suddenly

- You miss an exit or a turn

- You start seeing things

- You have diculty keeping your headup or eyes open

Did youknowthat?When you start feeling

tired or sleepy it is

almost impossible topredict when you will

fall asleep.

Signs o atigue


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Part 1

Key Risk Factors

VisibilityA very simple rule or using the road is:

It is unlikely that we can prevent road crashes i we cannot see the road ahead and what is on it. Pedestrians and cyclists are athigher risk o not being seen when they share the road with motorized trac, especially when street lighting is poor. Simple measureslike wearing colourul clothes and using brightly coloured accessories and vehicle parts can make you more visible to all road users8.

Check out what Ravi and Jenny are doing to keep visible and sae.

see and be seen!

01

02

Cyclist - Ravi1. Front, rear, and wheel reflectors

2. Bicycle lamps

3. Retro-reflective jacket or vest

Pedestrian - Jenny

1. White or light coloured clothes2. Retro-reflective strips.

3. Jenny walks facing oncoming traffic

and where there is good lighting.

01 0202 01

03

01

01

03

Did youknowthat?Motorized two-wheelers,

because of their size

and shape, are harder

to see than other motor

vehicles and are poorly

visible, even during the

daytime. For example,

most motorcycle

crashes in Malaysia

occur during daylight

hours8.

Did youknowthat?Daytime running

lights, those used on

the front of motorized

vehicles, improve

visibility while traveling

during daylight hours

hours8.

Did youknowthat?European research

found that one third of

pedestrian casualties

had difficulty seeing the

vehicle that had struck

them, while two fifths of

drivers had difficulty

seeing the pedestrian8.

Did youknowthat?White helmets can

make riders of

motorcycles and

bicycles more visible8.


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Part 2Planning and Implementing Road Saety Projects


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26/50


Be a role model: road saety starts with YOU

The rst thing to do is to take actions to protect yoursel and others rom getting injuredon the roads. Demonstrate that you have respect or your lie and the lives o othersby committing yoursel to sae behaviour. Sometimes it is enough or your peers to seeyou acting responsibly to start doing so themselves. For example, you can start bycommitting yourselves to the 10 points suggested by The International Federation oRed Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Check out the IFRC Commitment

Card below.

Spread the word

You dont have to be a proessional or ormally engaged in the eld to talk about roadsaety. Spread the word among your amily, riends, colleagues, and anyone else youknow. Share the inormation in the rst part o this Kit. Try explaining how crasheshappen or show how some simple road saety measures are very eective. Try using

audio-visual aids such as photos and videos to get your message across. A positiveapproach that is clever, humorous, or creative is likely to be most eective.

Connect with others taking action

Start looking or those who are doing something or road saety, oten called actors, andexplore i and how you can work with them. There are three main directions or yoursearch: government, NGOs, and private companies. The brieng on networking onpg 41 provides examples o organisations you can seek out.

Join the global youth movement or road saety

There is a growing youth movement or road saety consisting o young individuals justlike you. You can join the movement by going to YOURS website. You will be guided toimportant sources o inormation or your work and connected to other young people inyour country, region, or even globally. You can nd out what others are doing and learnrom their experiences.

Register yoursel at the MINE Section on the YOURS website

You have the opportunity to showcase your work or the world to see on YOURSwebsite. Register yoursel or your organisation, create your own prole, describe thework you are doing, and upload supporting material such as photos and videos.

Part 2

Where to Start

10

rad safey

commitments

I commIt to:

Use a seatbelt

Wear a helmet on a motorcycle

Drive at a safe speed and distance

suitable for the conditions

Not drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs

Not use a mobile phone when driving

Be visible as a pedestrian or cyclist

Know and respect the highway code

Maintain my vehicle in a good condition

Be licensed and trained for the vehicle I drive

Know how to react in case of a crash

Where to StartNow that you know more about the global roadsaety crisis and the actors that increase road trac

crashes, the rest o this Kit is aimed at helping youtake action to make roads saer. This page looks athow to get started.


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Part 2

Beyond Getting Started

Beyond Getting

StartedThere is much more you can do now that you havethe wheels turning. Over the page are a whole rangeo ideas or raising the prole o road saety.

The next section describes in detail how to turn anyo these ideas into a successul road saety project.

With policy and decision makers

- Educate decision makers by drawing their attention to the road saety problem in your area.

- Present the World Youth Declaration or Road Saety and the Moscow Youth Declaration to policyand decision makers and advocate or their implementation.

Find the Declarations in the Resources section on YOURS website.

- Present the good practice manuals published by the UN Road Saety Collaboration to policy makers.

Find out more about the manuals on pg 27.

- Find a personal story rom a leader who has experienced a amily tragedy related to a road trac crashor injury.

With young people

- A youth assembly, modeled on the World Youth Assembly or Road Saety.

- Read about the World Youth Assembly or Road Saety in the Resources section on YOURS website.

- Campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers o drinking and driving.

- Programmes to distribute helmets, retro-refective strips, jackets, or vests.

- Photo, painting, essay, or other types o competitions.

- Interactive awareness raising sessions at schools and colleges.

- Promoting sae walking busses to school.

- Spreading the word using social media such as Facebook and Twitter.

With victims o road crashes and their amilies

- Hold ceremonies dedicated to victims and survivors, such as moments o observed silence

and candlelight vigils.

- Inaugurate memorials, such as remembrance gardens, roadside memorials, and internet-based memorials.

- Commemorate the World Day o Remembrance or Road Trac Victims, held each year on the third

Sunday o November.

With the media

- Press conerences on new road saety data, reports, and initiatives.

- Radio or television talk-shows.

- Open letters in the printed media.

- Special newspaper supplements.

- Televised debates.

With the public at large

- Campaigns to promote the use o helmets and seatbelts and to prevent drink-driving and speeding.

- Publicity around the placement o new road signs and signals.

- A quiz to test road saety knowledge.

- Street demonstrations, airs, walks, concerts, or sports events to raise road saety awareness and undsor road saety projects.

- First-aid demonstrations.


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It doesnt matter i you are a group o motivated young people, a club at a schoolor university, or even a non-governmental organisation. The only way to change thesituation or young people on the roads is by becoming active and knowing that youcan make a dierence. Youth around the world are taking the lead on exciting andinnovative road saety initiatives, and you can join them today!

What is a project?

A project is a set o activities that are carried out to achieve specied objectives withina given time and using a certain amount o money. It is bigger than an activity andsmaller than a programme. Thinking o what you want through a project lens is useulto give you a more structured way o working and a picture o expected results andresponsibilities. It will help you in oreseeing potential issues and shows proessionalism

toward partners and donors.

Part 2

Planning and Implementing Road Saety Projects

You are now ready to take your involvement to the nextlevel, putting ideas like those on the previous page intoaction. In this section we provide basic inormation to helpyou plan and implement road saety projects. You can usethis inormation i its your rst time getting involved in roadsaety, want to expand your work, or are looking to be more

proessional about it.

EVALU

ATIO

N

Planning and Implementing

Road Saety Projects

The simple project cycle above illustrates the our stages in any project: projectidentication, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It can be tempting to jumpstraight into the implementation phase, but as you will see over the next ew pages,each o the our stages is important or a successul project.


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During the project identication stage, the project idea is ormed: you ocus in on theproblem you want to address. To do this, you need inormation. A situation assessment,an evaluation o the road saety situation in your area, is a good way to start. This

assessment is essential beore developing any initiative because it allows you to makeevidence-based decisions about your project. It will a lso help you learn more aboutwork that has already been done that you can build on and understand the localcontext, including cultural and social actors aecting the situation. Having completedyour situation assessment you will have evidence o the need or your project andbaseline inormation that can be used or monitoring and evaluating your work16.

What inormation is included in a situation assessment?

As much inormation about the road saety situation in your area as you are able tocollect within time and budget limits. First, this should include inormation aboutwhat is happening on the roads in your area and why, or example:

- How many injuries and deaths result rom road trac crashes in a given time period?- What is the percentage o young people aected?

- What are the main causes o road trac injuries among young people?- Are there any programmes in place to address these problems? I yes,

who is implementing them and how eective are they? I not, why not?

- What laws and policies exist about seatbelts, helmets, speed,and drinking and driving?

- How do people in the community eel about road saety issues?- What are the social and cultural actors that infuence road saety issues?

For example, is drinking and driving a socially accepted behaviour?Is using helmets or seatbelts considered uncool?

It is also important to understand the stakeholders involved: all those who use andmaintain the roads, or carry out activities related to transportation. Start by mappingwho these individuals and groups are in your area. You will nd some ideas above,and you can nd more in the brieng on networking pg 41.

There are a ew questions you can ask to help better understand the picture:

- What role is this stakeholder playing? What are their objectives and main activities?- What interest do they have in a road saety project or young people, i any?- What kind o infuence do they have over the community or other stakeholders?- Are there potential areas or collaboration? How can you work with them

to improve road saety?

Tip: Dene a specic area or region or your project beore you start your assessment,and include as much inormation specic to that region as you can. Well denedand smaller areas can be easier to study.

Tip: Stakeholders can help provide inormation about the road saety situation in yourarea as well as tell you more about their own role.


Stage One: Project Identifcation

Did youknowthat?A situation assessment

is sometimes called a

situation analysis,

needs assessment, or

baseline assessment.

Did you

knowthat?

A stakeholders analysis

is a breakdown of all

the road safety actors

and stakeholders in

your area and their

roles, actions, views,

and power for change.

An analysis like this is

often included as part

of a situation

assessment.

Police

NGOs and community based

organisations

Local councils

Urban Planners

Insurance companies

Tyre manuacturers

Academic institutions

Car manuacturers

Health authorities

Some road saety stakeholders

Find out more

Guidelines on situation assessments or specic topics can be ound in the good practice manualslisted below. These were developed in partnership by the Global Road Saety Partnership, World HealthOrganization, FIA Foundation or the Automobile and Society, and World Bank to help governments

carry out some o the recommendations o the World report on road trac injury prevention.

Seatbelts and child restraints: a road saety manual or decision-makers and practitioners

Helmets: a road saety manual or decision-makers and practitioners

Drinking and Driving: a road saety manual or decision-makers and practitioners

Speed management: a road saety manual or decision-makers and practitioners

To get copies o the manuals you can write to the UN Road Saety Collaboration at [email protected] ordownload electronic versions rom the Resources section on YOURS website.

Part 2


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Part 2


How do we collect the inormation or our situation assessment?

This depends on the type o inormation or data you are looking or. Quantitative dataare numeric in orm: numbers. Qualitative data are words. The table below gives more

inormation about each type o data, and how to collect them.

Stage One: Project Identifcation

Strengths - When sound andappropriate methods odata collection are usedyou can get objectiveand unbiased inormation

- Allows comparisonsbetween regions orover time

- Helps you betterunderstand a situation byclariying underlyingreasons and causes

- Can explain behavioursand trends in yourquantitative data

Quantitative data Qualitative data

Type o questionsanswered

- How many deaths andinjuries result rom roadtrac crashes in yourchosen region?

- What is the seatbeltwearing rate amongyouth?

- What proportion oyoung bicycle usersuse refective material?

- Why do young people notwear helmets?

- What kind o incentivescould be used to increaseseatbelt use among youth?

- How do young peopleeel about the messagesin a drinking and drivingcampaign?

Examples o howto collect

How do we decide what our project will be?

Once you have collected all your data, use them to write a description o the situation,backing up everything you say using the data. Summarize down to one statementthat gives the main problem, its causes and impact: this statement is your problemstatement and by keeping it in mind you can remain ocused while designingyour project.

Now that you understand the problem, think about the ways you could address it youcan nd lots o ideas on pg 25. For example, i there is a low seatbelt-wearing rate inyour area, you could create a public education campaign to raise awareness, or workwith law enorcement to improve their understanding o the importance o prevention.

Listen to your evidence! You do not want to spend your time, energy, and money on anissue that is not a problem in your area or on an ineective intervention. Once you havemade an evidence-based decision about the ocus o your project, the next step is tostart planning or action.

Find out more

Good places to read more about the problem you have identied, and what works in tackling it , include Youthand Road Saety(Geneva, the World Health Organization, 2007), and the good practice manuals l isted on pg 27.

- Police or hospitalrecords

- Surveys- Direct observation

studies

- Interviews with keystakeholders

- Focus groups- Review o documents

and reports


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Part 2


Stage Two: Project Planning

Example indicator

Project process

- Number o leafets distributed

- Number o educationalmessages delivered todecision makers

Project impact

- Number o people whosay they are now morelikely to asten theirseatbelt

- Number o people whoare now aware o a newdrinking and driving law

1. Defne objectives

Objectives answer the question, what does this project aim to achieve? Projects otenhave one general or overall objective (also called the project goal or purpose) and oneor more specic objectives, which add together to meet the goal. Good objectives areSMART (Specic, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time bound). For example, yourobjective could be to raise the awareness o 100 college students about the risks ospeeding in a period o 30 days.

Tip: By convention, objectives are written in the innitive orm to something, such asto create or to develop.

2. Identiy activities

Activities orm the body o a project. They answer the question, what will we do toachieve the project objectives? Ask yoursel the ollowing questions to ocus in onthe right activities or your project:

- Which objective(s) does this activity contribute to and how? Is there a better activity

that we can carry out, which will have the same impact?- Has this activity been done beore? I yes, what was its impact? I it was successul,

what actors contributed to its success? I it wasnt, why was that?

A combination o a ew eective activities can be better than many activities withless good t to your problem and area. Dont orget to involve the community andkey stakeholders in the decision making process (see the brieng on communityparticipation, pg 38).

Tip: It can work well to adapt activities that have been successul elsewhere.

Tip: Activities are conventionally written using present tense verbs, such as developpromotional material, conduct training, contact someone.

3. Get set or monitoring and evaluation

It is really important to learn rom your project, what went well and less well: thatswhere monitoring and evaluation come in. Monitoring is an ongoing process involvingcollecting inormation about how your project is progressing. An evaluation is a reviewo all o this evidence at a specic point in time, oten at the end o the project.

Generally, two main aspects o a project are monitored then evaluated: the process (didyou carry out the activities you intended to? Did partners play their role?); and impact(did you reach your objectives? Did you bring about a change?).

It is never possible to assess the success o every element o the project, so you needto choose indicators o your success. These are clues that can help indicate how wellyou have met your objectives and carried out your activities. The table below gives

some example indicators.

You will nd more inormation about monitoring and evaluation on pg 31-32. However,

you need to start thinking about your indicators so that you collect the monitoringinormation you need as you go along. I you wait until the end o your project, it can behard to remember how many people attended an event, and dicult to contact them allto ask i attending changed their views.

Tip: To help identiy indicators, ask yoursel the ollowing questions:

- How can we know that this activity was carried out?

- How can we know i this objective was met?

- What does the success o the project look like?


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Part 2



Tip: A rule o thumb is that evaluations cost 10-15% o the project budget. However,depending on the type, design, and methods used, the evaluation can cost muchmore. Make sure you plan this into your budget.

4. Create an implementation plan

Your implementation plan will be your road map: it should show you what activities willbe conducted and when. It can be monthly, identiying all activities to be conductedevery month, or even weekly. This helps you keep track o your project so you knowwhere you stand at any point in time. It is useul to include key milestones, or big stepsthat will tell you that your project is progressing as planned.

Tip: Use the milestones in your implementation plan to consider the worst-casescenario: i things are not going as planned when do you stop your project?

Tip: Your implementation plan can also be called a timeline or schedule o activities.

5. Create a budget

No matter how small your project is, you will need money to make it happen. Havinga realistic and well thought out budget will increase your chances o receiving unding.Here are some costs you need to consider when creating your budget:

- Do you have any xed expenses? I you are in an oce, think about rent, electricity,and other utilities.

- I you need transportation, what is the estimated cost?

- Will you produce any posters, banners, or brochures? Get some quotes and makeestimates or cost.

- Will you need any stationary, other materials, or equipment?

- Are you going to pay any sta? Or do you need to pay volunteers expenses?

Tip: The briengs on partnership building, undraising, and networking onpgs 36-37, 41-43 will help you consider ways to get the income youneed to run your project.

6. Bring together a project team

To put together your project team, think about:

- How many people do you need to carry out your activities?

- What are the team members skills and time availability?

- What will the responsibilities o each team member be?

- Do you need an advisor to guide you in the project implementation?

- Would a small group o community representatives keep the community engaged

and on board?You will need a project coordinator who will have primary responsibility or implementingthe project, ensuring activities are progressing as planned, and working with all teammembers or this purpose. Project coordinators need enough time and experience tohandle their responsibilities.

Tip: Do not take on more than you can handle and make sure your colleagues donteither. Remember that volunteers may have to balance school, work, and othercommitments with working on the project.

7. Write a detailed project proposal

Now that you have gone through steps one to six, you are ready to put down all yourthoughts on paper to convince others to und and support your project. A basic projectproposal would typically include everything you have worked on so ar as well as:

- A short introduction to your organisation or group;

- A project name, location, and duration;

- Evidence rom your situation assessment and relevant literature to show the needor your project.

Many donors and unding organisations have their own project proposal ormats thatvary in length and level o detail. Ater writing a basic proposal, it will be easier to adaptit and develop it urther based on the specic requirements o the organisation you areapplying to.


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Prepare an executive summary o your proposal with photos and promotional material.A typical project proposal can be between 15-20 pages and potential partners anddonors might not have the time to go through it all. An appealing short executivesummary will give them an idea o your project and encourage them to read theull proposal.

Tip: Funding bodies generally avour organisational bank accounts over personalones. Setting up a bank account or your organisation or project can helpacilitate unding.


The third stage in the project cycle is the time to put your plan into action, taking allnecessary steps to ensure the activities in your implementation plan are completed18.Open communication with team members and partners is essential at this stage. At abasic level, implementation involves managing the three main resources, people, time,and money, to make sure that:

- team members are perorming their tasks and responsibilities;

- activities are carried out according to the implementation plan;

- unds are used as needed and spending is documented and kept track o.

An element o project implementation sometimes overlooked is adaptation. This meansusing the monitoring inormation you are collecting to look at the progress you are

making. Where things are not going according to the plan, you can adapt what youare doing to put the project back on track18.

Tip: Keep an open-mind about how the project evolves you may need to adapt andimprove the project plan or the uture.

Tip: Check your implementation plan regularly and see i you are on target or meetingmilestones and deadlines.

Stage Three: Implementation

Project adaptation: an example

Your project includes airing radio advertisements to

inorm the public o the enorcement o a new lawabout seatbelt use. While monitoring progress yourealise that the advertisements are at times whenlistening gures are lower than you had expected.

You talk to the radio station about having shorter slotsat peak times. Or you realize that your target audienceshows no change in their levels o awareness o thenew seatbelt law. Your message might not be reachingthem and you explore how to change the means odelivery or even the message itsel.

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Stage Four: Project Evaluation

... i the project targeteduniversity students, send them

an email, invite them to a ormalpresentation, or throw a party atwhich you let them know abouthow you did.

No matter how small a project is, you need to evaluate to learn. In an evaluation, yougather the monitoring inormation you have collected based on your indicatorssee pg 29. You can use the clues the indicator data provide to make an assessment ohow successul you were in carrying out your activities and meeting your objectives.

An evaluation also involves a deeper analysis to consider why you were successulor less successul, and what you will take away rom the experience or next time.

Your situation analysis becomes important again here, because it provides you witha baseline against which to assess the change you have made.

Make sure you put your evaluation ndings to work! First, give eedback to the peopleinvolved in your activities. For example, i the project targeted university students, sendthem an email, invite them to a ormal presentation, or throw a party at which you letthem know about how you did.

Second, share your ndings with everyone you are accountable to: the project under;managers in your organisation; and the community in your area. This ensures that yourwork is transparent and that you have indeed done what you said you were going to do.

Third, the project team needs to think about how the evaluation ndings will be used.What are the lessons learned? How will they be incorporated in uture projects? Do anychanges need to be made to your project management methods?

Tip: Get your road saety stakeholders involved in the evaluation process. They canhelp you decide on indicators at the start o the project, provide monitoringinormation, and give you ideas on how best to disseminate and use yourevaluation ndings (see brieng on community participation, pg 38).

Tip: Funders like to see dierent things in terms o evaluations - check with yourunder to ensure you meet their expectations. Make sure you have a way orpeople to give their eedback on the evaluation and its ndings. Did participants,partners, and other stakeholders nd the evaluation accurate? Were theirexperiences and views represented?

Tip: More inormation on evaluation can be ound in the good practice manualsmentioned on pg 27.

Tip: Create a one or two page summary o the evaluation report or easydissemination and sharing.

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Part 3Briengs to Keep Going



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Brieng on Partnership Building

Briefng on PartnershipBuilding

Road saety is a multi-sectoral issue lots odierent people and organisations need to beinvolved to bring about change.

- Governments have a responsibility to keep their citizens sae; they create andimplement policies and build strategies to reduce injuries. Within government,dierent sectors are involved, such as transport, health, police, and education.

- Civil society organisations include NGOs, community committees, unions,neighbourhood councils, and community based organisations. These groupsrepresent the needs o people and communities, voice their opinions, and can putpressure on governments to improve their welare.

- Private companies employ many people. They also manage large feets that otentravel across countries. Private companies are also involved with the communitiesthey operate in. They invest in social responsibility and create programmes tocontribute and give back to communities.

Part 3

For example:


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Part 3

Brieng on Partnership Building

Find out more

A Pocket Guide to Building Partnerships (Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003), explains the stageso partnership development, including ormation, implementation, and maintenance. In addition to questions youneed to consider at each stage, it provides useul tools to help you set up the partnership and keep it on track.Find it in the Resources section on YOURS website - www.youthorroadsaety.org.

Watch out ortension betweenorganisations andindividuals.

Consider theorganisations thatyou will partner withcareully. Make surethat they do notengage in activitiesthat harm society orindividuals.

Maintain goodcommunicationwith your partners.Inormation shouldbe shared steadilyand reely.

Be clear aboutexpectations, roles,and responsibilities.

Focus on the biggerpicture. Thinkabout how yourpartnership willbenet your cause.

Evaluate thepartnership and theimpact it was meantto have.

Partnerships that bring together these dierent sectors can have a big impact on roadsaety, bringing together a powerul mixture o skills, knowledge, and expertise.

Some things to keep in mind when building partnerships:


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Part 3

Community Participation

A participatory approach:

- Creates a sense o ownership and buy in rom the community. People eel they areinvolved and taking charge o their own lives. It helps ensure that community memberssee the benet o the changes that are taking place. This can also reduce resistance.

- Improves the project by allowing people to identiy their needs and the most eectiveway o meeting them.

- Increases public support or your eorts or road saety and helps in leveragingmore support.

- Allows more people to get involved, advocate or road saety, and be aware ochanges that are happening.

Community participation means that all those whoare directly or indirectly related to or aected by youractivities are given the opportunity to be involved in

all stages o your project, rom planning to evaluation.For example, other local groups working on roadsaety could help you with your situation analysis, orparticipants in your activities could help design theproject and identiy roles and responsibilities o theproject team.

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Part 3

Community Participation


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Part 3

Networking


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Part 3

Networking

Networking involves communicating and building relationships with people who canhelp support you in reaching your project objectives, including local governmentagencies, NGOs, representatives o international organisations, private companies, andother stakeholders. Networking can also help you establish credibility and reputation byallowing you to let stakeholders know that you are achieving what you set out do andusing your resources wisely.

The table below presents a list o organisations and institutions that you can reachout to in your networking and that are potential sources o unding. Your stakeholderanalysis (pg 27) may point to others in your area as well.

Networking

Who

Government oces

Civil society organisations

Private companies

Reporters or media outlets

Oces o United Nationsorganisations and other

international bodies

Local oces or internationalNGOs

Academic institutions

Associations related to roaduse in your area

Embassies and consulates

Examples

City council, oce o mayor/governor, ministry o healthoce, police, transport androad inrastructure oces

Community based

organisations, NGOs

Vehicle manuacturers, oiland gas companies, tyremanuacturers, insurancecompanies

Radios, television stations,magazines, newspapers(print and online versions)

World Health Organization,United Nations Development

Programme, EuropeanCommission

Oxam, Save the Children

Schools and universities

Associations or drivers

How they help

- Small grants- Inormation or situation

assessment

- Partnerships

- Collaboration on projects- Corporate social responsibility

programmes- Internal road saety procedures- Collaborating on projects

- Partner on public educationcampaigns

- Covering events and activities

- Technical support- Small grants

- Partnerships- Technical assistance in project

management- Grants or local groups

- Partnerships- Technical assistance- Youth volunteers and activists

- Partnerships- Collaborating on projects

- Small grants

Networking Dos and Donts

Do

- Learn as much as you can about the stakeholders that may be useul to you: how dothey work, what are their priorities?

- Write to them and visit them to introduce yoursel, what you do, and why your workis important.

- Keep them inormed o your news, activities, and achievements.

- Invite them to your events or to visit your oce, i you have one.

- Attend their events and accept their invitations i you are invited.

- Prepare a older with reerences, a budget outline, and ocial documents such as yourorganisations registration document. You can show this to stakeholders to convincethem o your credibility.

Do not

- Do not ask or what you need when you make rst contact.

- Do not send your stakeholders lengthy emails or anything they might consider spam.

Tip: Prepare a list o people or organisations that can arm your work. These couldbe people who have supported your work beore, other local organisations, oreven your proessors.


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Part 3

Fundraising


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Finding donors and making contact

Start by mapping donors in your region: What organisations and companies areunding NGO, youth, or community activities in your area? What activities in your localcommunity are being unded by local, regional, or state government unds? Use yourstakeholder analysis (pg 27) and the table in the brieng on networking (pg 41) to getideas. The ollowing tips will help you in your approaches to the organisations youhave identied:

- Know your potential donor beore making contact. Research what kinds oorganisations it has unded in the past, what kinds o support it has provided(nancial or in kind donations o equipment, space, or sta time), and what it wantsto achieve with its support.

- Know your potential donors requirements or unding proposals, the componentsand ormat, and apply i you are sure you can ulll them. Look on their website andask or clarication i needed.

- Thank the organisation and ask or eedback even i your attempt was notsuccessul. I your proposal was accepted, prepare a thank you letter or a visit toyour donor as soon as you know the result and discuss how you will keep themupdated on your progress.

- Keep networking: do not stop your relationship with the organisation i you did notreceive the unding this time.

Fundraising events

Fundraising events can be a good way to make some money or your road saetyproject. Here are a ew tips to help you plan a successul undraiser:

Make a plan. Think o your event as a small project. Why are you raising money(objective)? Who do you want at your event (target group)? How will you do it (numbero people you need on your team, roles and responsibilities, materials needed)?How much which will it cost (budget)?

Think out o the box. Common ideas or undraisers include bake sales and rafes,but be innovative: think about sports tournaments, karaoke nights, car washes,auctions, dancing competitions, or open-mic nights.

Publicise. Dont spare any eort to get the word out. Create a small press releaseand send it ahead o time to newspapers and TV and radio stations in your areaDistribute fyers, ask your riends and amily to spread the word, and dont or

Printable Yours Youth and Road Safety Action Kit 1

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