By G.K. Sawhney

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES OF MANGAGEMENT

Organizations have a variety of goals. They usually direst their energies and resources to achieve these goals. a profit oriented business firm for example might have a return on investment goal a hospital would have goals centered around patient care and an educational institution would establish goals for teaching research and social service . Organizations possess human as well as non human resources that are put to use in the service of specific goals. management is the force that unifies human as well as non human resources in the service of organizational goals . it is process of getting results with and through people.

What is management?

Management =MAGE +MEN+T(TACTFULLY)It is not easy to define the term management . there are as many definitions of management as there are books on the subject .l there are certain genuine reasons for this : (i) Management is a vast subject . it is very extensive . it is , therefore, not possible to put all the essential features of management in a single formula. (ii) Management is concerned with human beings, who are behaviorally highly unpredictable. (III) Management is a young developing discipline whose concept are continuously changing. It is small wonder, writer like Allen remarked , that the manager is one of the great unknowns in the business.

1. Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. (KOONTZ H)

2. Management is a process of planning , organizing , actuating and controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use for people and resources, (TERY G)

3. Management is the process by which managers create , direct , maintain and operate purposive organizations .through systematic , coordinated cooperative human effort , (MC.FAFLAND .)

4. It is the coordination for all resources through the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order to attain stated objectives.

For the sake of simplicity and convenience , we can broadly define

the term thus:

Management is concerned with resources, tasks and goals . it is the process of planning , organizing, staffing, directing and controlling to accomplish organizational objectives through the coordinated use for human and material resources.

MANAGEMENT AS A PROCESS Management as a process refers to a series of inter related functions, such as planning , organizing. Staffing. Leading and controlling. Actually , managers are known by the work they do .According to JAMES LUNDY , ‘Management is what management does’. Management process suggests that all manger perform certain functions in order to realize certain goals.

THE PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT Management , it should be noted , is a social process because it is a social process because it is concerned with relations among people at work . A manager sets the objectives of an organization . he provides and environment . that is helpful to group action. He offers incentives to those who show good performance and thus helps the organization realize its goals .

MANAGEMENT AS A GROUP/TEAMTHE TERM ‘MANAGEMENT’ is used to denote the persons who manage the affairs of an organization. Broad expressions, such as ‘management has declared a lockout’ management takes a tough stand against workers’. Often hit newspaper headlines. When such statements are made, reference is actually made to the people who manage the affairs of an organization. Thus. As group of persons, management includes all those who are responsible for making decisions and supervising the work of other.

MANAGEMENT AS A DISCIPLNE AS A DICIPLINE . MANAGEME0NT IS SPECIALISED branch of knowledge which involve the study of certain principles and practice , over the years , management has emerged as separate field of study . it can be studied, knowledge about it obtained and skill in its applications acquired . the old saying managers are born . not made stands depreciated now. People believe that managerial skills could be acquired through formal education and training . it is small wonder that many institutes have been set up in India with a view to impart management education to prospective manager,.

MANAGEMENT AS AN ACTIVITY

Management refers to a separate class of activities which are performed by manager. Managerial activity consists of planning. Organizing, staffing , directing and controlling . these activities are performed to get the work done with and through people . due to their biological and psychological limitations, it is difficult for human beings to achieve their objectives all alone. They have to join organizations and work toward common goals.