Principles of Information Systems - Chapter 5
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Transcript of Principles of Information Systems - Chapter 5
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Organizing Data and Information
Chapter 5
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach.
– Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management.
– Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making.
– Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits
– Identify and briefly discuss current database applications.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Hierarchy of Data
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Traditional versus the Database Approach to Data Management
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Traditional Approach
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Traditional Approach
• Data redundancy• Program-data dependence• Data integrity
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Approach
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Advantages of the Database Approach
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Advantages of the Database Approach
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Disadvantages of the Database Approach
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Modeling & Database Models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Modeling and Database Models
• Content - What data should be collected?• Access - What data should be given to what users?• Logical structure - How will the data be organized to
make sense to a particular user?• Physical organization - Where will the data actually be
located?
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Modeling
• Enterprise data modeling• Planned data redundancy• Data model• Entity-relationship diagrams
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Models
• Hierarchical models• Network models• Relational models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Hierarchical (Tree) Models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Network Models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Relational Models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Relational Models
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Cleanup
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Management Systems (DBMSs)
• Provide a user view• Create and modify the database• Store and retrieve data• Manipulate data• Produce reports
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Creating and Modifying the Database
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Definition Language
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Creating and Modifying the Database
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Dictionary Benefits
• Reduced data redundancy• Faster program development• Easier data & information modification• Increased data reliability
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Storing and Retrieving Data
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Structured Query Language
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Output
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Popular Database Management Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Selecting a DBMS
• Database size• Number of concurrent users• Performance• Integration• Features• Vendor• Cost
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Management Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Warehouses
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Comparison of OLTP and Data Warehousing
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Developments
• Data warehouses• Data marts• Data mining
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Mining
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Distributed Databases
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
On-Line Analytical Processing
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Relational Database Management Systems
• Stores objects• Hypermedia• Spatial data technology
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Summary
• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses
• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs
• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) - do not support the types of data analysis needed today