Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
-
Upload
princewill-ode -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
1/25
University of Nigeria NsukkaIn Collaboration with
Department of Geography and RegionalPlanning, University of Calabar
With support of
African Technology Policy Studies (ATPS) Nairobi Kenya
Stakeholders Consultation & Sensitizationworkshop
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
2/25
An Assessment of Policy MakersPerception of Climate Change Problems
and Adaptation by farmers in CrossRiver State.
By
Bisong F. E, Andrew-Essien E. & Odum P. O*Department of Geography and Regional Planning
University of Calabar.
*Lead Presenter
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
3/25
Introduction
Climate Change has been one of the most engagingenvironmental subjects of debate in recent times.
Scientific evidence has revealed that climate change is an allencompassing threat to the survival and development ofhumanity.
Climate change often result to mean higher averagetemperatures, changing rainfall patterns and rising sea level.
Developing countries are particularly vulnerable because oftheir agrarian economies.
The Niger delta of Nigeria is even more vulnerable to impactsof climate change because of its coastal status, making itsusceptible to flooding, erosion etc, when sea level rise andrainfall patterns changes.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
4/25
4
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
5/25
Climate change impacts agriculture as much as someagricultural / unsustainable land use practices impactsclimate change.
The Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)estimates that 31% of total emissions that causes
climate change came from agriculture, forestry andother land use practices.
The Climate is changing, and agricultural/ land usesystems must also change if we are to avoidcatastrophe.
Proper agricultural and sustainable land managementpractices can play a vital role in mitigating climate
change, but adaptation also remains important .
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
6/25
IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Extensive deforestation for agriculture can affect microclimateinduce climate change
Agricultural sometimes alter land use as it is associated withsignificant conversion of forest and bush land.
This has a boomerang effect on climate change /patterns in thefollowing ways:
Temperature rise: e.g. temperature rise of 10 can affect yield ofcereal crops significantly in the tropics, and also heat stress oncattle.
Frequency and intensity of extreme events (drought, f loods) Unpredictable rainfall regime likely to impact negatively on the
productivity of sub Sahara Africas agriculture that is largely rainfed.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
7/25
THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
The impacts of climate change on agriculture areassessed using the following assumptions:
Change in seasons: Change in season would lead to alteration in planting
dates, length of growing period and the eventual productivity Increased level of CO2 on the physiology of crop plants
and weeds
Changes in climate parameters, particularly
temperature and rainfall, on plants and animals; and Sea level rise on agricultural land.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
8/25
Projection for Nigeria based on 1% annual increase in
CO2 Concentration
Projection for Nigeria based on 1% annual increase in CO2Concentration for Rain forest zones indicates an increasein rainfall during the raining season months and a decrease
during the dry season months. Thus there is a probabilityof the dry seasons becoming drier while the rainy seasonbecomes wetter.
In the guinea savannah zone, a decrease in rainfall is
projected for the first four months of the year. This meansthat these normally dry years will become drier as thecentury rolls on.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
9/25
Objective This paper presents policy makers and other
stakeholders understanding of climate change
problems (climate change stress) faced by farmersand the adaptation measures to combat the riskthrough sustainable land management / Improvedagricultural practices in Cross River State.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
10/25
Methodology
A set of survey questionnaire was administered to policy makers in fourMDAs of relevance to the agriculture and sustainable land management
sectors in Cross River state, namely: Ministry of Lands
Cross River State Forestry Commission
Ministry of Agriculture
Investment Promotion Bureau
About 10 top management staff in each of the MDAs respondedcollectively (Group Response) to the set of survey questions Posed.
The questions posed covered issues such as
Background information
Major land use type
Major land degradation problems / severity
Climate change association with land degradation problems
Climate stress severity and adaptation /interventions
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
11/25
Identified Climate Change Stress
12 stressors induced by Climate change that affect
agriculture were identified:1. Late rainfall or early cessation
2. Unreliable rainfall pattern
3. Increasing aridity of soil
4.
Change in river regime from perennial to seasonal5. Scarce water availability in quantity and quality
6. Dramatic reduction in crop yield
7. Increase in draught or flood events
8. Vegetation/ Biodiversity change due to changing climatecondition
9. Absence of migratory birds/ insects
10. Increased pest and disease of crops
11. Increased desertification
12. Others
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
12/25
Analysis of climate change stress severity
response
A scale of 0-3 is used to code for severity of climatechange stress as perceived by Policy makers /Stakeholders
0 = No response 1 = Low severity
2 = Moderate severity
3 = High severity
The perception of climate change stress severity bydifferent policy makers /stakeholder in the selectedMDAs differs significantly.
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
13/25
CLIMATE CHANGE STRESS On
Agriculture
Stress Assessment by policy makers
Ministry of
Lands
Forestry
Commission
Ministry of
Agriculture
Investment
PromotionBureau
Total Total
stressscore %
% relative
to all
Late rainfall or early cessation 1 2 3 3 9 75 11.25Unreliable rainfall pattern 0 2 3 3 8 67 10.00Increasing aridity of soil 0 0 1 2 3 25 3.75Change in river regime from perennial to
seasonal 0 3 3 2 8 67 10.00Scarce water availability in quantity andquality 2 3 2 1 8 67 10.00Dramatic reduction in crop yield 2 2 3 3 10 83 12.50Increase in draught or flood events 0 3 0 3 6 50 7.50Vegetation/ Biodiversity change due tochanging climate condition
1 3 2 3 9 75 11.25Absence of migratory birds/ insects
2 0 1 2 5 42 6.25Increased pest and disease of crops
0 3 3 3 9 75 11.25Increased desertification 0 0 3 2 5 42 6.25others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
100
Table showing results of coded ranking of Climate change stress severity as perceived
by policy makers /stakeholders in the selected MDAs
Source: Authors Computation /analysis
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
14/25
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
15/25Source: Authors Computation /analysis
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
16/25
Climate Change stress and crop yield patterns in Cross River State
Crop yield trend for tubers (metric 000 tons)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
cassava
yam
cocoyam
sweet potato
Source: Bisong F. E. 2009 NSIF-SLM Draft Report,
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
17/25
Climate Change stress and crop yield patterns in Cross River State
Crop yield trend for Cereals & Legumes
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
maize
rice
groundnut
cowpea
Source: Bisong F. E. 2009 NSIF-SLM Draft Report,
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
18/25
Climate Change stress and crop yield patterns in Cross River State
Crop yield trend for Vegetables
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
melon
okoro
pepper
tomato
garden egg
telfaria
water leaf
olitorus
Source: Bisong F. E. 2009 NSIF-SLM Draft Report,
Ad t ti f li t h t b f i CRS
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
19/25
Adaptation of climate change stress by farmers in CRSas perceived by policy makers
CLIMATE CHANGE STRESS ADAPTATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE
1. Late rainfall or early cessation Planting early maturing varieties of crops; late/
early planting,2. Unreliable rainfall pattern Plant drought resistant varieties; irrigation
3. Increasing aridity of soil Irrigation
4. Change in river regime from perennial to
seasonal
Crop production is limited to only one season; dam/
river embankments
5. Scarce water availability in quantity andquality
Sinking of tube wells & boreholes; mulching
6. Dramatic reduction in crop yield Carryout mix-crop farming; fertilizer bags, Bush
Fallowing
7. Increase in draught or flood events Plant drought resistant varieties and early
maturing varieties; crop intensification/
afforestation8. Vegetation/ Biodiversity change due to
changing climate condition
NIL
9. Absence of migratory birds/ insects NIL
10. Increased pest and disease of crops Plant pest and disease resistant varieties; spraying
11. Increased desertification Afforestation12. Others
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
20/25
Agricultural Innovations for climate change adaptation by
farmers in Niger Delta Region on Nigeria Adaptation by crop choice Improving local agricultural crop varieties that are well
acclimated as well as drought and pest resistant; Adaptation by altering tillage and husbandry, through:
use of minimum or zero tillage and other appropriatetechnologies that would reduce soil erosion and loss oforganic matter and nutrients
Adaptation by altering of input Adaptation by promoting policy Linking crop production to meteorological forecast: Meteorological Agency to alert farmers on weather; Farmers encouraged to use meteorological forecasts Synergizing indigenous knowledge with scientific
innovations
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
21/25
Agriculture will need to become much moreefficient in its use of water and other inputs(Integrated nutrient management / improvedplanting materials, agroforestry systems, low
tillage etc.) in order to meet future food demand without
significantly increasing its contribution toanthropogenic climate change, while at the same
time, it will need to adapt to increased climaterisk.
h l b
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
22/25
Enriching Soil Carbon Enhance soil through organic methods
Minimize soil tillage
Incorporate Biochar
http://www.junglephotos.com/people/crafts_ethnobot/ethnobotany/ethnobotany.html -
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
23/25
Soybean planted in no-till
system: no-till or zero-till
enhances soil productivity
through better soil coverage
and conserves limited moisture.
Intercropping of cassava and Plantain
http://www.junglephotos.com/people/crafts_ethnobot/ethnobotany/ethnobotany.html -
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
24/25
-
8/2/2019 Princewill-Assessment of Policy Makers Perception
25/25
Thank You for
Your Attention