Prime Time•Get out your notes from yesterday, as well as your classroom procedures paper and keep them on your desk.•Feel free to talk until the period starts.

ProceduresToday we are going to focus on

classroom procedures:◦They are important for a classroom to run

smoothly.◦Please just practice these, keeping in

mind that they are meant to reflect a classroom of mutual honor and mutual effort.

◦I shouldn’t have to remind you a bunch of times.

*Practice by turning in your notes the correct way.

Map QuizYou will now take a map quiz!You are graded on participation, so

don’t feel bad if you don’t know. I would like you to try to place every number on the map.

This is a way for me to gauge what you know and what needs to be learned.◦Homework: correct your map. Use a different color (preferably red pen).

Prime TimePlease put your map quiz out on

your desk. You will also need a pen(cil) and

note taking paper (in composition book is fine)

The Foundations of Early Modern Europe

(1,000 years of European History in an itty-bitty bit of time)

ThesisAfter the fall of Rome, Europe created a society based around religion, order and hierarchy that dominated for nearly 1,000 years. When the base of that society began to collapse, and the inspiration and ideas behind the institutions that had become so massive fell apart, it destroyed what had been the backbone of European Society. As Europe began to reform and rebuild itself it created a new society that would form the essence of the Modern Western World.

Part I: After the fall of Rome, Europe created a society based around religion, order and hierarchy that dominated for nearly 1,000 years.

Backgroundhttp://www.history.com/news/hist

ory-lists/8-reasons-why-rome-fell

Side effects of the fallResult is one of the oddest phenomena

in history:◦Progress went backwards people could

see the old work in architecture, art, medicine, etc., but could not recreate it or build future ideas off it (and won’t be able to for nearly 325 more years)

General size and skill of life decreasesTrade disruptionDecline of cities: population shifts out

to regressive, agrarian societyDecline of arts and learningLoss of a common languageAll this leads to a major disjointed void

Rise of ChristianityStarted by Jesus of Nazareth (6/4BCE-31/33CE)

& Paul of TarsusSeen as an odd cult; persecuted off and on for

many years in RomeAll that changed with Edict of Milan

◦ Incredibly rapid expansion Made official state religion in 391; leading to

two key issues:◦ 1. Beginning of tension between religion and

politics (church and state)◦ 2. Disagreements over key issues lead to first

Christian split. Catholics led by the Pope in the West Orthodox led by Patriarch of Constantinople

in the EastClovis spreads Christianity

◦ Coverts on battlefield and then uses it as a way to lord over others eventually you had to be Christian to do anything

◦ Erases lines of church and state

The Vikings

VikingsSeafaring warriors from Scandinavia

◦ Around 800-1000 Europe generally warms up◦ Leads to more food in Northern areas = more people◦ Scandinavia gets too crowded and warrior culture

leads to looking for new places to conquer/raidAttacks occur all over Europe records exist

from Britain to ConstantinopleAttacks are common and random smash and

grab jobs◦ Indiscriminate in age, gender, area, religion or social

status◦ Incredibly quick and brutal◦ Not just on coast (boats could sail in 3 feet of water)◦ Almost invincible

Eventually settle down when the King of France gives the Vikings some land to stop attacking him

What have the Vikings ever done for us?

Found feudal hierarchy and systemSolidify Christianity as the “in” thing in

Europe◦Changes their religion from pessimistic to

optimisticDiscover Iceland, Greenland and N.

America◦Maybe got as far South as Massachusetts

12 man trial by jury◦Staple of Anglo-American justice system

Become the modern English people◦Eventually Colonize north (York) in 800s-

1000s and conquer south (London, etc.) in 1066

Revolutionize shipbuilding theory

Spread of FeudalismDeals, built on rights and obligations spread

all over the continent led to lords and vassals◦ Status determined a person’s prestige and power◦ Class was inherited – very little chance of moving

from one to another – and much easier to go down than up

Spreads through Western continent and then moves to England with Norman Conquest of 1066

Manors & serfs◦ Consisted of the lord’s manor house, a church, market,

workshops and serfs houses – usually a few square miles◦ The lord provided serfs with housing, farmland and protection

from bandits and other knights gave up freedom for protection

◦ All peasants (free or not) owed the lord and church certain duties◦ Manors are generally self sufficient and produce very little

FeudalismWhat feudalism is supposed to look

like What feudalism really looked like

Medieval LifeMedieval life was short and brutishWar was common place – knight and

castle were most common symbols of itReligion was all consuming

◦Church intertwined with state◦Cathedrals everywhere◦Most of the literacy and education done

by the churchVast majority of people lived off the land

(rural class way larger than urban class); almost never traveled more than 25 miles from home; generally illiterate; often dead by age 60

Part II: When the base of that society began to collapse, and the inspiration and ideas behind the institutions that had become so massive fell apart, it destroyed what had been the backbone of European Society

Parliament, Magna Carta & Common Law

Normans conquer England in 1066, and bring feudalism to the Island

In order to strengthen their power, later kings set up a common system of courts, laws, etc.◦Becomes the basis for common law & judicial

precedent; leads to more freedoms than continentAs later kings try and revoke these laws, two

checks are put in place to stop this:◦Magna Carta – signed in 1215 by King John, basis

for Anglo-American Civil Liberties◦Parliament – legislative branch of English

government made up of two houses Originally used as a way for the king to levy taxes

Hundred Years WarBegins as a dispute over succession rights to

the French throneTwo main phases: England wins a lot, England

loses a lotEnds with French kicking English out of

ContinentImportance:

◦Key changes in warfare, like the longbow◦Breakdown of feudal code and chivalry◦Ethnic Nationalism in England and France begins◦Destruction of English Nobility – War of the Roses◦Strengthen French monarchy – loses legislature◦Destroys political system of the Middle Ages

The Catholic Church is very, very, very, very corrupt

As the one thing that ties Europe together, Catholic Church is most omnipresent ◦ Controlled: birth, death, marriage, salvation, education,

etc.◦ Functioned like a massive multi-national corporation

with its own state and army◦ Everyone from the pope down was known to break their

vows – celibacy, poverty, etc. and abuse power◦ Continually won the battle for power over the king until:

Avignon Schism:◦ Conflict over legitimacy of elections leads to three

different people claiming to Pope, none will back off none will step down

◦ First time the common people see the massive problems of church in the open

Black Plague Also known as Black Death, Black Plague, etc. – can be

found quite accurately portrayed in Monty Python’s “bring out your dead” scene

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6O6kbs Causes nasty sores and swelling called bubos Becomes a pandemic (universal disease) Comes from Asia and then Middle East via rats then

fleas Spread over Europe over 4 years around 1347 Kills 1/3 of Europe’s population – which would be 96

million in the US today Impact of Plague:

◦ City and town population falls◦ Trade decreases so prices go up◦ Serfs leave manor looking for more money, which the nobles

resist, causing revolts◦ Jews scapegoated◦ Church loses prestige when healings fail

HomeworkCritically reading Black Death

accountRead and take notes for pages

300-305 (start and end at Black Death sections)

Prime timePlease turn in notes from the

textbook reading yesterday.Keep your Black Plague article on

your desk.

DiscussDiscuss the article. What were the main points you

annotated?What questions did you write

down?◦See if you can answer each other’s

questions.

Part III: As Europe began to reform and rebuild itself it created a new society that would form the essence of the Modern Western World.

Renaissance 1304-1588Word literally means “rebirth”What was reborn was a Classical (Greek & Roman)

ideas—art, architecture, philosophy, literature, finance, views of the world, etc.

Began in Italy—mainly Florence—in 14th century, and moved to the rest of Italy—like Venice—in 15th century, as it spread through Southern Europe

Then spread to Northern Europe, through Holland and Flanders and onto England and Denmark and Sweden

Never hit certain countries like Holy Roman Empire, Baltics, Poland, Russia. Because of this, these countries will have messed up histories down the road

Renaissance 1304-1588Marked by

study of classics and move from god-centric to people-centric view of things.

New focus on scholasticism and the individual

Venice (Venezia)

City built completely on water

Influential in trade with East, exploration, and banking

Ruled by Doge and Terrible Ten reign of Terror, known as a Republic

Famous Venetians: Marco Polo and Titian

Florence (Firenze)

Renaissance began with birth of Francesco Petrarch in 1304 in Florence

Florence controlled by large families, ruled kind of like early mafia

Also somewhat resembles democracy—citizens vote on certain things (but are bribed)

Rash of famous Florentines: Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, the Medici family, Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, Leonardo, Donatello, Machiavelli

Why Italy? One of the first effected by the plague = first country to return

to health and city life Church weakened by plague and closest to Italy = more secular

approach, more concern for the arts Plague = more focus on life & enjoying it = more liberalism=

more demand for arts & literature Commercial Revolution = more exchange of people and ideas +

more money = more liberal approach to life and more patronage Loose confederation of states = much easier to change one or

two parts, like Venice or Florence than a whole country, like England

Had most of the classics buried in their land = easier to find through excavation and searching in the depths of churches

Unique systems of governments = allowed just enough freedom for arts to flourish

Warm = more food, more people, more specialization Something in the water = rash of important Italians, kind of like

our founding fathers

HomeworkRead and take notes for pgs.

334-337 (stop after "Slavery in the Renaissance") & 340-342 (stop at "Warfare in Italy")

Practice your map skills. Quiz next week.