Prime Minister of Australia

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Prime Minister of Australia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prime Minister of theCommonwealth of Australia

Arms ofHer Majesty'sAustralian Government

Incumbent

Julia Gillard

since 24 June 2010

Style The Honourable

ResidenceThe Lodge,Canberra

Kirribilli House,Sydney

Appointer Quentin BryceasGovernor-General of Australia

Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure

Inaugural

holderSirEdmund Barton

Formation 1 January 1901

Website www.pm.gov.au

The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highestminister of theCrown, leader of theCabinetandhead ofgovernment, holding office on commission fromtheGovernor-General of Australia.The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most
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powerful political office in Australia. Despite being at the apex of executive government

in the country, the office is not mentioned in theConstitution of Australiaspecifically

and exists through an unwrittenpolitical convention.

Barring exceptional circumstances, the prime minister is always the leader of thepolitical

partyor coalition with majority support in theHouse of Representatives. The only case whereasenatorwas appointed prime minister was that ofJohn Gorton, who subsequently resignedhis Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives (SenatorGeorge Pearcewas acting prime minister for seven months in 1916 whileBilly Hugheswasoverseas).[1]

Julia Gillardis the current prime minister, leader of theAustralian Labor Party, and the firstfemale Prime Minister of Australia.

Contents

[hide]

1 Appointment 2 Powers 3 Salary and benefits

o 3.1 Salaryo 3.2 Allowances

4 List of prime ministers 5 Graphical timeline 6 Living former prime ministers 7 Backgrounds

o 7.1 Birthplaceo 7.2 Educationo 7.3 Occupationo 7.4 Personal circumstances

8 Religious Beliefs 9 Convictions 10 Births and deaths 11 Ages

o 11.1 Time in office 12 Post-office longevity 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 External links

[edit] Appointment

Australia
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The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia underSection 64 of theAustralian Constitution. This empowers the governor-general to appointMinisters of the Crownand requires such ministers to be members of the House ofRepresentatives or the Senate, or become members within three months of the appointment.Before being sworn in as a minister, a person must first be sworn in as a member of theFederal Executive Councilif they are not already a member. Membership of the FederalExecutive Council entitles the member to the style ofThe Honourable (usually abbreviated to

The Hon) for life, barring exceptional circumstances. The senior members of the executivecouncil constitute theCabinet of Australia.

The prime minister is, like other ministers, normally sworn in by the governor-general andthen presented with the commission (Letters patent) of office. When defeated in an election,or on resigning, the prime minister is said to "hand in the commission" and actually does so

by returning it to the governor-general. In the event of a prime minister dying in office, orbecoming incapacitated, the governor-general can terminate the commission. Ministers holdoffice "during the pleasure of the governor-general" (s. 64 of the Constitution of Australia),so theoretically, the governor-general can dismiss a minister at any time, by notifying them in

writing of the termination of their commission; however, his or her power to do so except onthe advice of the prime minister is heavily circumscribed by convention.
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parties,Alfred Deakin,George ReidandChris Watsoneach served as prime ministerbefore losing a vote of confidence.

During the1975 constitutional crisis, on 11 November 1975, the governor-general, SirJohn Kerr, dismissed the Labor Party'sGough Whitlamas prime minister. DespiteLabor holding a majority in the House of Representatives, Kerr appointed the Leader

of the Opposition,LiberalleaderMalcolm Fraseras caretaker prime minister,conditional on the passage of the Whitlam government'sSupplybills through theSenateand the calling of an election for both houses of parliament. Fraser acceptedthese terms and immediately advised adouble dissolution. An election was called for13 December, which the Liberal Party won in its own right (although the Liberalsgoverned in a coalition with the Country Party).

[edit] Powers

The first Prime Minister of Australia, Edmund Barton (sitting second from left), with hisCabinet, 1901.

Most of the prime minister's powers derive from his or her position as the head of the cabinet.In practice, the Federal Executive Council will act to ratify all decisions made by the cabinetand, in practice, decisions of the cabinet will always require the support of the prime minister.The powers of the governor-generalto grantRoyal Assentto legislation, to dissolve and

prorogue parliament, to call elections and to make appointments are exercised on the adviceof the prime minister.

The power of the prime minister is subject to a number of limitations. If the prime minister isremoved as leader of his or her party, or if the government they lead loses avote of no-confidencein the House of Representatives, they must resign the office or be dismissed by

the governor-general.

The prime minister's party will normally have a majority in the House of Representatives andparty discipline is exceptionally strong in Australian politics, so the passage of government-proposed legislation through the House of Representatives is mostly a formality. Attainingthe support of the senate can be more difficult as government usually lacks an absolutemajority because the senate's representation is based on overall proportion of votes and oftenincludes minor parties.

[edit] Salary and benefits

Prime Ministerial pay history
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[edit] Salary

The prime minister is the highest-paid member ofparliament.

Ministerial salary is expressed as an additional percentageon top of the basic parliamentary salary. The RemunerationTribunal's Report Number 1 of 2006[4]confirms the primeminister's additional salary as 160% of her or his parliamentary salary, i.e. the prime ministerearns in total 260% of the salary of an ordinary parliamentarian.

The prime minister's salary is about five times that of the average full-time adult salary of$67,116, as of February 2010.[5]

[edit] Allowances

Prime MinistersCurtin,Fadden,Hughes,Menziesand Governor-GeneralThe Duke ofGloucesterin 1945.

TheRoyal Australian Air Force'sNo. 34 Squadrontransports the prime minister withinAustralia and overseas by specially converted Boeing Business Jets and smaller Challengeraircraft. The aircraft contain secure communications equipment as well as office, conferenceroom and sleeping compartments. The call-sign for the aircraft is "Envoy".

The prime minister's official residence isThe LodgeinCanberra, but not all prime ministershave chosen to make use of it.Jim Scullinpreferred to live at theHotel Canberra(now theHyatt Hotel);Ben Chifleylived in the Kurrajong Hotel; andJohn HowardmadeKirribilliHouseinSydneyhis primary residence, using The Lodge when in Canberra on official

business. On her appointment on 24 June 2010, the current prime ministerJulia Gillardsaidshe would not be living in The Lodge until such time as she is returned to office by popularvote at thenext general election. (She became prime minister mid-term after replacing theincumbent, Kevin Rudd, who resigned in the face of an unwinnable party-room ballot.) Theofficial residences are fully staffed and catered for both the prime minister and his or herfamily. A considerable amount of official entertaining is conducted at these residences.

Kevin Rudd had a staff at The Lodge consisting of a senior chef and an assistant chef, a childcarer, one senior house attendant, and two junior house attendants. AtKirribilli HouseinSydney, there is one full-time chef and one full-time house attendant.[6]

Date established Salary

2 June 1999 $289,270

6 September 2006 $309,270

1 July 2007 $330,300

1 August 2010 $354,671 1 December 2011 $440,000
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._34_Squadron_RAAFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._34_Squadron_RAAFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._34_Squadron_RAAFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lodge_%28Australia%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lodge_%28Australia%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lodge_%28Australia%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Chifleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Chifleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Chifleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_GGPrinceHenry_Fadden_Hughes_Menzies.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_GGPrinceHenry_Fadden_Hughes_Menzies.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_GGPrinceHenry_Fadden_Hughes_Menzies.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_GGPrinceHenry_Fadden_Hughes_Menzies.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirribilli_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Chifleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canberrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lodge_%28Australia%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._34_Squadron_RAAFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=4


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Prime ministers are usually granted certain privileges after leaving office, such as officeaccommodation, staff assistance, and a Life Gold Pass, which entitles the holder to travelwithin Australia for "non-commercial" purposes at government expense.

Only one prime minister who had left the parliament ever returned.Stanley Brucewas

defeated in his own seat in1929while prime minister, but was re-elected to parliament in1931.

Former prime ministers continue to be important national figures, and in some cases go on tosuccessful post-prime ministerial careers. Some notable examples have included:EdmundBarton, who was a justice of theHigh Court;George Reid,Andrew Fisher,Joseph CookandStanley Bruce, who wereHigh Commissioners to the United Kingdom;Arthur Fadden, whowas treasurer under another prime minister,Robert MenziesandKevin Ruddwho becameJulia Gillard's Foreign Minister after the 2010 Federal Election.

[edit] List of prime ministersBelow is a list of Prime Ministers of Australia by name, date assumed office, date left office,

political party, total time in office and state represented in parliament. The state(s)represented in parliament is not necessarily the one with which the person had the strongestassociation; the most extreme example being Bob Hawke who was born in South Australia,spent his formative years in Western Australia, worked in and represented Victoria andretired to New South Wales.

The parties shown are those to which the prime ministers belonged at the time they heldoffice. Several prime ministers belonged to parties other than those given before and after

their prime ministerships.

For a list showing further details, seeList of Prime Ministers of Australia.

Protectionist Labor Free Trade Commonwealth Liberal NationalLabor/Nationalist/United Australia Country Liberal

# Name

Post-

nominal

s

as PM

Full

later

post-

nominal

s

Took

office

Left

officeParty

Term

In

Office

State

Represente

d

in

Parliament

1SirEdmundBarton

GCMGKC

1 January1901

24September 1903

Protectionist 2 years,267days

New SouthWales

2AlfredDeakin

24September 1903

27 April1904


Victoria

3ChrisWatson

27 April1904

18August1904

Labor0 years,114days

New SouthWales

4 George KC GCB 18 5 July Free Trade 0 years, New South
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1931http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1931http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Ruddhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Ruddhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Ruddhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_Georgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_Georgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Counselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Counselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Counselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_Georgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Australia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Gillardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Ruddhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Bartonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1931http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_federal_election,_1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Bruce


8/17

# Name

Post-

nominal

s

as PM

Full

later

post-

nominal

s

Took

office

Left

officeParty

Term

In

Office

State

Represente

d

in

Parliament

Reid GCMGKC

August1904

1905 322days

Wales

(2)AlfredDeakin

5 July1905

13November 1908


Victoria

5AndrewFisher

13November 1908

2 June1909

Labor0 years,202days

Queensland

(2)Alfred

Deakin

2 June

1909

29 April

1910

Commonwealth

Liberal

0 years,332

days

Victoria

(5)AndrewFisher

29 April1910

24 June1913

Labor3 years,57 days

Queensland

6JosephCook

GCMG24 June1913

17September 1914

CommonwealthLiberal

1 year,86 days

New SouthWales

(5)AndrewFisher

17September 1914

27October1915

Labor1 year,41 days

Queensland

7 BillyHughes

KC CHKC

27

October1915

9

February1923

Labor/Nationalist

7 years,

106days

New South

Wales,Victoria

8StanleyBruce

CHMC9February1923

22October1929

Nationalist 6 years,256days

Victoria

9JamesScullin

22October1929

6 January1932

Labor2 years,77 days

Victoria

10JosephLyons

CH6 January1932

7 April1939

UnitedAustralia

7 years,92 days

Tasmania

11Sir EarlePage

GCMGGCMGCH

7 April1939

26 April1939

Country0 years,20 days

New SouthWales

12RobertMenzies

KC26 April1939

28August1941

UnitedAustralia

2 years,122days

Victoria

13ArthurFadden

GCMG28August1941

7 October1941

Country0 years,40 days

Queensland

14John

Curtin

7 October

1941

5 July

1945

Labor3 years,272

days

Western

Australia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lyonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lyonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lyonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Curtinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Faddenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lyonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lyonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scullinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Hugheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Liberal_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Labor_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionist_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Deakinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29


9/17


10/17


11/17

Between 7 October 1941 (whenJohn CurtinsucceededArthur Fadden) and 18November 1941 (whenChris Watsondied), the eight living former prime ministerswere Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Hughes, Menzies, Page, Scullin and Watson

Between 13 July 1945 (whenBen ChifleysucceededFrank Forde) and 30 July 1947(when SirJoseph Cookdied), the eight living former prime ministers were Bruce,

Cook, Fadden, Forde, Hughes, Menzies, Page and Scullin.

Seven former prime ministers were alive between 18 November 1941 and 13 July 1945, andbetween 30 July 1947 and 13 June 1951.

Gough Whitlamhas achieved a greater age than any other prime minister. The most recentlydeceased prime minister wasJohn Gorton(19681971), who died on 19 May 2002.

[edit] Backgrounds

[edit] Birthplace

Ten of Australia's prime ministers were born inVictoria, seven inNew South Wales, three inQueenslandand one each inSouth AustraliaandTasmania. Six were born overseas: five inthe United Kingdom (Hughes and Cook inEngland, Fisher and Reid inScotland, Gillard inWales) and Watson inChile.

[edit] Education

Melbourne Grammar Schoolproduced the most number of future prime ministers (Deakin,Bruce and Fraser). Other secondary schools where more than one future prime minister

studied includeGeelong Grammar School(Gorton, Fraser),Sydney Grammar School(Barton, McMahon) andWesley College, Melbourne(Menzies, Holt).

Five future prime ministers graduated fromUniversity of Sydney(Barton, Page, McMahon,Whitlam, Howard). Four studied at theUniversity of Melbourne(Deakin, Menzies, Holt,Gillard) and three atOxford University(Gorton, Fraser, Hawke). Rudd studied at theAustralian National University. Eight prime ministers did not complete any form of highereducation.

[edit] Occupation

Eleven prime ministers practised law before entering into politics (in addition Hawkeacquired a law degree, but never practised law). Seven prime ministers (all Australian LaborParty) had served as trade union officials. Other occupations that prime ministers had

performed include journalism (Watson, Scullin, Curtin), teaching (Lyons and Forde),diplomacy (Forde and Rudd), mining (Fisher, Cook), medicine (Page), engine driving(Chifley) and accountancy (Fadden).

Three prime ministers served in theFirst World War(Bruce, Page and McEwen; of whomonly Bruce was involved in actual combat). Four served in theSecond World War(Holt,Gorton, McMahon, and Whitlam; of whom Gorton and Whitlam served as air crew in the

Royal Australian Air Force).
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Prior to participating in federal politics, prime ministers had been elected to the stateParliaments of New South Wales (Barton, Watson, Reid, Cook, Hughes), Queensland(Fisher, Fadden, Forde), Victoria (Deakin, Menzies) and Tasmania (Lyons). In addition Pagehad been the Mayor ofGrafton.

[edit] Personal circumstances

All prime ministers except for Gillard have married at least once. McEwen married twice, butwas the only Prime Minister to be a widower throughout his premiership. Bruce, Scullin,Chifley, McEwen and Gillard were childless, while Lyons had twelve children (one died ininfancy).

[edit] Religious Beliefs

Six prime ministers have beenAnglican(Barton, Bruce, Holt, McMahon, Howard and Rudd),

one was aBaptist(Hughes), five wereCatholic(Scullin, Lyons, Forde, Chifley and Keating),two wereMethodists(Cook, Page), six werePresbyterian(Fisher, Reid, Menzies, Fadden,McEwen and Fraser), one was aSpiritualist(Deakin), one was aUnitarian(Watson), and five

professed no religion (Curtin, Gorton, Whitlam, Hawke and Gillard).

[edit] Convictions

John Curtin is the only prime minister to serve time in gaol (three days for failing to complywith an order for a compulsory medical examination for conscription, during World War I).[8]

[edit] Births and deaths

Seventeen prime ministers were born prior to theFederation of Australia, 1 January 1901.The earliest-born prime minister wasGeorge Reid, born 25 February 1845.

Three prime ministers died in office: Joseph Lyons (1939), John Curtin (1945) and HaroldHolt (1967). Holt's was a most unusual casehedisappeared while swimming, was declared

presumed dead two days later, and his body was never recovered. It was not until almost 38years later, in 2005, that he was officially declared by the Victorian Coroner to have drownedat the time of his disappearance.

The first person born after Federation to serve as prime minister wasHarold Holt, born 5August 1908. (SirWilliam McMahon, who was a later prime minister, was born 23 February1908, and is the earliest-born of the prime ministers born after Federation.)

The first person born after theFirst World Warto serve as prime minister wasMalcolmFraser, born 21 May 1930. (Bob Hawke, who succeeded Fraser, was born 9 December 1929,and is the earliest-born of the prime ministers born after WWI.)

The first person born after theSecond World Warto serve as prime minister, isKevin Rudd,born 21 September 1957. Incumbent prime ministerJulia Gillardalso falls into this category,

born 29 September 1961.
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The only prime ministers born during either of the world wars areGough Whitlam, born 11July 1916, during the First World War, andPaul Keating, born 18 January 1944, during theSecond World War.

Seven prime ministers were born in the month of September, two more than the next most

popular month, August. The seven were:John Gorton(9 September),Joseph Lyons(15th),James Scullin(18th), Kevin Rudd (21st), Ben Chifley (22nd),Billy Hughes(25th) andJuliaGillard(29th). None were born in June, October or November.

Two prime ministers share the same birthday: SirEdmund Bartonand Paul Keating, born on18 January in 1849 and 1944 respectively.[9]Two other prime ministers share the same deathday: James Scullin andFrank Forde, died on 28 January in 1953 and 1983 respectively.

Three Prime Ministers died outside of Australia: Reid, Fisher and Bruce died in theUnitedKingdom. Reid and Fisher are buried there.

[edit] Ages

The three youngest people when they first became prime minister were:

Chris Watson 37 Stanley Bruce39 Robert Menzies44

The three oldest people when they first became prime minister were:

John McEwen

67 William McMahon 63 Ben Chifley59 years 10 months (George Reid was 59 years 6 months).

The three youngest people to last leave the office of prime minister were:

Chris Watson 37 Arthur Fadden46 years 5 months 22 days Stanley Bruce46 years 6 months 7 days

The three oldest people to last leave the office of prime minister were:

Robert Menzies71 John Howard68 John McEwen67

[edit] Time in office

The longest-serving Prime Minister was SirRobert Menzies, who served in office twice:from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 29 December 1949 to 26 January1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served

under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively.
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The shortest-serving Prime Minister wasFrank Forde, who spent a total of 8 days under theLabor Party from 613 July 1945

[edit] Post-office longevity

Note: The following analysis leaves aside the two most recent ex-incumbents, John Howard

and Kevin Rudd, who are both living.

Ben Chifleydied only one year six months after leaving the prime ministership.AlfredDeakinlasted nine years five months.

All the others lasted at least 10 years. Nine of them (Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Fraser,Gorton, Hughes, Watson, and Whitlam) lived more than 25 years after leaving the office, andall but two of these survived longer than 30 years (Hughes lasted 29 years and 8 months;Fraser has lasted more than 28 years and is still living).

The longest-surviving wasStanley Bruce, who died 37 years and 10 months after leaving theoffice. IfGough Whitlamlives until 25 September 2013, he will exceed Bruce's record. (Hewould then be 97 years old.)

[edit] See also

Prime Minister List of Prime Ministers of Australia Prime Ministers Avenuein Horse Chestnut Avenue in theBallarat Botanical Gardens

contains a collection of bronze busts of all former Australian Prime Ministers. Deputy Prime Minister of Australia List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition Historical ranking of Australian Prime Ministers Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

1. ^"Pearce, Sir George Foster (1870 - 1952)".Australian Dictionary of Biography.Australian National University. 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.2. ^Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia - Historical

information on the Australian Parliament - Ministries and Cabinets - 7. DeakinMinistry

3. ^Hudson, Phillip (25 August 2010)."Politicians awarded secret pay rise".HeraldSun.

4. ^of Report on Ministers of StateSalaries Additional to the Basic ParliamentarySalary

5. ^Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, Feb 2010, Australian Bureau of Statistics6. ^Metherell, Mark (19 February 2008)."Rudds' staff extends to a child carer at the

Lodge". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
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15/17

7. ^Harold Holt has now been formally declared to have drowned on 17 December (hisbody was never recovered), but his commission as prime minister was not officiallywithdrawn until 19 December as it was not until then that he was declared "presumeddead".

8. ^"Curtin, John (1885 - 1945)".Australian Dictionary of Biography. AustralianNational University. 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.

9. ^"Do Prime Ministers share the same birthday cake?".The Age (Melbourne). 2009-09-14. Retrieved 2010-08-07.

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