Primate Notes. Primates include the most familiar of the placental mammals. Most primates live in...
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Transcript of Primate Notes. Primates include the most familiar of the placental mammals. Most primates live in...
![Page 1: Primate Notes. Primates include the most familiar of the placental mammals. Most primates live in tropical or sub- tropical regions of the Americas, Africa,](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfeb1a28abf838cb7bb6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Primate Notes
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Primates include the most familiar of the placental mammals.
• Most primates live in tropical or sub-tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
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So…what makes a primate a primate?
• 3 kinds of evidence are considered:
– I. Skeletal features– II. Primate adaptations– III. Primate behavior
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I. Skeletal features related to teeth and snout:
• Shortened snout. Primates rely less on their sense of smell and more on vision.
• Primates also have a reduced number of teeth as compared to other mammals.
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Several types of teeth:
• Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars…just like in humans
• With different types of teeth, they can eat a variety of foods and also process food more efficiently.
• They have incisors for biting, canines for shearing, plus premolars and molars for crunching food into digestable packages.
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Skeletal Features related to eyes and ears.
• Forward-facing eye orbits. • Primates have an increased emphasis on vision, so the
eyes are in the best position to take in a large amount of visual stimuli.
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Stereoscopic vision (Huh?!?)• This means that the fields of vision provided by each eye overlap,
resulting in depth perception.
• This is extremely useful for forest-dwelling primates, as it lets them judge how far away they next branch is as they are moving from tree to tree.
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Skeletal Features related to arms and legs• Clavicles (collarbone). Primates have very extensive shoulder
motion because the clavicle provides the only bony link between the upper limb and the trunk.
• 2 separate bones in the forearm and lower leg. Having 2 bones allows for better limb motion and more precise movements.
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Skeletal features related to fingers and toes
• Nails instead of claws. Nails allow primates to manipulate objects more easily.
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Increased thumb mobility (dexterity).• This also helps primates to manipulate objects. • Grasping feet. Primates have more big toe mobility for grasping
and climbing. • The only exception is humans. • We do not have the ability to grasp because our feet are designed
as a platform for walking.
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II. Primate Adaptations
• Trend toward a more vertical posture.
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Trend toward different use of forelimbs and hindlimbs.
• Primates use their limbs for more than just locomotion (moving around).
• Trend toward longer lives with longer periods of infancy, childhood, and adulthood.
• Longer lives and longer life stages are good for increased growth.
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Primates have larger brains for their body size than most other mammals do.
• They are born with brains that still need to develop quite a bit outside the mother’s body.
• Primates also spend a lot of time learning skills and strategies for food gathering and survival from their mothers and others in their social groups.
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Trend toward enlarged brains with increased areas for vision and reduced areas for smell.
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III. Primate Behavior• Primates spend their time using their limbs to climb in trees by
grasping with their hands and feet. • They also use their hands to bring food to their mouth for feeding. • Being a part of social group life, building and reinforcing bonds
between individuals and learning from their mothers and others.