Primary & Secondary Sources By: Deborah Kallina. Learning Objectives Identify “primary source”...
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Transcript of Primary & Secondary Sources By: Deborah Kallina. Learning Objectives Identify “primary source”...
Primary & Secondary Sources
By: Deborah Kallina
Learning Objectives
Identify “primary source”
Identify “secondary source”
Explain the difference between them
Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(1)original source that was created during the time being studied or created at a later date by a participant in the event being studied
Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(2) enables you to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event ortime period
Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(3)reflects the viewpoint of a participant or observer, as in the case of historic newspapers
Primary Sources Examples
autobiographies, memoirs letters, diaries, books, novels
Primary Sources Examples
newspapers, magazines, pamphlets
Primary Sources Examples
speeches, manuscripts, maps
Primary Sources Examples
artwork paintings sculpture poetry sheet music
Primary Sources Examples
daguerreotypes & photographs archives & artifacts
Primary Sources Examples
business records court records church records government records congressional hearings census records
Primary Sources Examples
research data, statistics interviews, public opinion polls movies, videos, DVDs video & audio recordings images, cartoons, advertisements
Secondary Sources - Are they important?
Yes! Even though secondary sources are not firsthand, they allow you to build your research on the research of other scholars!
Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(1) second-hand source,not the original source,such as a scholarly journal
Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(2)a scholar analyzesan historical event ortime period, then draws conclusionsabout it
Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(3)a scholar usesprimary sources andthe research of othersto interpret andcomment on the past
Secondary Sources Examples
biographies, textbooks reference books encyclopedias, dictionaries scholarly articles & books popular books & articles
Let’s Do a Quick Review
What’s the difference between a primary
source and a secondary source?
Difference betweenPrimary & Secondary
Sources
Primary: Original Source the “topic”
Secondary: Second-Hand Source analysis of the “topic”
Difference may be difficult to determine
American history textbook is a secondary source
Reprint of U.S. Constitution in the history textbook is a primary source
One last point to consider…
Can primary & secondary sourcessometimes contain bias and
be subjective?
Bias in Primary Sources & Secondary Sources?
Primary & Secondary Sources are the viewpoint or memory of either a participant or observer… so
Yes, sometimes they are subjective and contain bias.
Test Yourself - Primary Sources?
original painting?
diary by a Vietnam Veteran?
an autobiography?
Test Yourself - Primary Sources?
original painting? Yes
diary by a Vietnam Veteran? Yes
an autobiography? Yes
Test Yourself - Secondary Sources?
scholarly review of Toni Morrison’s Beloved?
encyclopedia?
history textbook?
Test Yourself - Secondary Sources?
scholarly review of Toni Morrison’s Beloved? Yes
encyclopedia Yes
history textbook Yes
Primary Sources & Secondary Sources
Any questions?
Congratulations!
Now you know the difference between
primary & secondary sources
Check out the recommended websites for primary sources:
Good luck on your research!
Discover the wealth of historical information at:
Library of Congress Research and Reference Services http://www.loc.gov/rr/ and the
Library of Congress American Memory Project http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html
References for Primary and Secondary Sources Information
University of California Berkeley http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html
University of West Florida Librarieshttp://library.uwf.edu/Research/OnlineTutorials/SourceTypes/
List of References for Images used in this tutorialReferences Primary Secondary Sources Images.pdf