Primarily Teaching: Teaching with Primary Sources
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Transcript of Primarily Teaching: Teaching with Primary Sources
Primarily Teaching: Using Primary Sources to Engage Students in the
Study of History Stefanie Rosenberg Wager
Email: [email protected]: @srwteacher
Blog: www.stefaniewager.blogspot.com Websites: www.technologynow.wikispaces.com
www.usingprimarysources.weebly.com
Poll Everywhere
Question: Do you use primary sources in your classroom at least once a week?
http://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/MTQ1ODUzOTA3Ng
Using Primary Sources?
In a recent study, teachers cited three main reasons they don’t use primary sources:
No time to find primary sources.
Too many resources available. It’s hard to funnel down to “best” resources.
Don’t know how to effectively use primary sources with students.
So, What is a Primary Source?
What is your definition of a primary source?
Primary Source Sort
Working with your elbow partner, rework your definition of a primary source.
Be ready to share out!
One Definition
Primary sources provide first hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. They are created by witnesses or recorders who experienced the events or conditions being documented. Often these sources are created at the time when the events or conditions are occurring, but primary sources can also include autobiographies, memoirs, and oral histories recorded later.
Using Primary Sources to Teach
Inquiry
Guiding Questions
Observe Reflect Question I Know
• What do you notice first?
• What people and objects are shown?
• How are they arranged?
• What is the physical setting?
• What details can you see?
• Why do you think this image was made?
• What’s happening in the image?
• When do you think it was made?
• What can you learn from examining this image?
• What do you wonder about?
• Who?• What?• When?• Where?• Why?• How?
• What do you now know about the image after examining it?
Political Cartoons
Cartoon analysis guide
Have students label elements of political cartoons
Symbolism
Exaggeration
Labeling
Analogy
Irony
Prints & Photographs
Zoom in
strategy
(use magnifying glasses)
Prequel/
Sequel
Continued…
Dividing the image
Continued…
Put yourself
in the image
Thought
Bubbles
30 Second
Look and Then
Dig Deeper
Analyzing Maps
The Devil is in the Details
Give students pieces of a map and have each student examine one piece of the map.
Have them record what they know on sticky notes and place on the map.
Then have them share with a partner or larger group.
Finally, have students put the map together to see the “big picture.”
Analyzing Documents
Quote MVP
Give students quotes and ask them to select their MVP (most valuable point) related to the lesson essential question.
Tampering with History
Change the document so it’s easier to read for struggling readers.
Jigsaw with cooperative learning groups
Music/ Sound Recordings
Use a song or sound recording as a class opener.
Using music to teach a certain time period in history
Example: Civil War music, Great Depression, etc.
LOC Jukebox (www.loc.gov/jukebox)
LOC Sound Recordings
Example: WPA Slave Narratives http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/voices/
Using Art to Teach Historical Analysis
“Reading” a Portrait
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Discussion of art as a primary vs. secondary source
General Strategies
Weighing the evidence
Example: Give students 5-7 documents related to causes of the Civil War. Students have to “weigh” which documents carry more weight and answer the essential question.
Civil War Causes and Effects
http://docsteach.org/activities/3895
Sorting/categorizing primary sources
Five senses chart
Students analyze various documents and record what they hear, see, taste, feel, and smell.
Continued…
Historical Debates
Have students play the role of historical figures.
Four Corners
Pose a historical question and ask students to move to the corner of the room they agree with. Label corners agree, strongly agree, disagree, strongly disagree.
For example: Slavery was the cause of the Civil War.
Continued…
Structured Academic Controversy (SAC)
Socratic Seminars
DBQs (Document Based Questions)
Check out the DBQ Project (www.dbqproject.com)
Reading Like a Historian
Sourcing, Contextualizing, Corroboration, Close Reading
Wordle (www.wordle.net)
Copy and paste text to create a visual image
Great discussion starter and to compare documents
Historical Book Backdrops
Book backdrops are a way to infuse primary sources into children’s literature.
Steps:
Find a piece of children’s literature that deals with some historical aspect (slavery, WWII, etc.)
As a way to teach the book, select 2-3 primary sources that connect to the book in some way. This varies depending on age level and other factors. For younger students you might just select one image. For older students, you can usually select one short piece of text and photographs.
Use primary source strategies to not only teach the book, but also the historical aspects of the book through the use of the primary sources. (You can also bring in technology such as QR codes to help with this step.)
Book Backdrops Example
For a more detailed explanation go to www.stefaniewager.blogspot.com
QR Codes
Continued…
Where Can I Find Primary Sources?
Top Ten Places to Find Primary Sources
Other sources?
One of the best places to find primary sources is….
The Library of Congress (www.loc.gov)
Key Parts of Library of Congress
Website American Memory (contains over 20 million digitized items)
Exhibitions (place to view all exhibitions that have been at LOC)
THOMAS (access to past and present Congressional records)
World Digital Library (key primary sources from each region of the world)
Veterans History Project (oral histories of veterans and other resources)
Kids and Families Section
Teachers Section (lots of resources on using primary sources, lesson plans, etc.)
Researchers
Quick Guide to American Memory
Click on American Memory and then more browse options.
Here you can search for primary sources by date,topic, region, etc.
Today in History at LOC
Click on Today in History. You can either see the document of the day or search by a specific date.
Exhibitions at LOC
Go to www.loc.gov. At the bottom, click on more exhibitions. You can see a list of every exhibit that has been at the Library of Congress.
LOC Resources for Teachers
Go to www.loc.gov and click on Teachers. Here you can find a wealth of resources specifically for Teachers.
One example of the resources availableto teachers on the LOC site. These are ready-made primarysource sets.
Using Primary Sources to Teach Historical
Thinking Historical Thinking Skills
Chronological Thinking
Historical Comprehension
Historical Analysis and Interpretation
Historical Research Capabilities
Historical Issues- Analysis and Decision Making
An Introduction to Historical Thinking Skills
www.teachinghistory.org/historical-thinking-intro
Technology to Enhance Your History Classroom
(Find many more links at www.technologynow.wikispaces.com)
C-SPAN Classroom- Especially check out American History TV
www.c-spanclassroom.org
Glogster– Poster yourself
www.edu.glogster.com
Stixy– Create virtual bulletin boards
http://stixy.com
Live Binders- Create virtual binders
http://livebinders.com
Scribble Maps- Maps you can scribble on, add pictures, text, etc.
www.scribblemaps.com
Docs Teach- Hundreds of ready-made activities around primary source documents from NARA.
www.docsteach.org
Voicethread- Collaborate around almost any type of media
http://ed.voicethread.com
Weebly- Create easy to use websites
http://education.weebly.com
Fotobabble- Create and share talking photos
http://fotobabble.com
Bitstrips- Create your own comic strips
http://bitstrips.com
Continued…
Continued…
Capzles- Create virtual timelines
http://capzles.com
Dropbox- Free doc space and can share docs
www.dropbox.com
Show Document- Free web meetings
www.showdocument.com
Easy Bib- Create free bibliographies in MLA and APA
http://easybib.com
Edmodo- It’s like Facebook for K-12 education
http://edmodo.com
Continued…
Tube Chop- Easily edit any YouTube video
www.tubechop.com
Skype- Talk with anyone in the world… for FREE
www.skype.com and http://education.skype.com
Living Room Candidate- Presidential campaign ads since 1952.
www.livingroomcandidate.org
Cool Tools for Schools- Collection of Web 2.0 tools
www.cooltoolsforschools.wikispaces.com
Questions? Comments?