PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER

DR.JOYDEEP DAS.M.D.

DR.B.BOROOAH CANECR INSTITUTE

GOPINATH NAGAR, GUWAHATI

INTRODUCTION

CANCER IS PREVENTABLE 80 – 90% CANCER ARE DUE TO OUR HABITS

AND ACTIVITIES CANCER INVOLVES ALMOST EVERY PARTS

OF THE BODY CANCER CELLS MULTIPLY IN AN

UNCONTROLLABLE & HAPAZARD MANNER

SCENARIO CANCER IS THE CAUSE OF 12% OF

ALL DEATHS IN INDIA 1.5 – 2 MILLION ESTIMATED

CANCER CASES AT ANY POINT OF TIME

EVERY YEAR 8 LAKHS NEW CASES ARE DETECTED IN INDIA

EVERY YEAR 5.5 LAKHS CANCER PATIENTS DIE IN OUR COUNTRY

FACTS ABOUT CANCER 70 – 80 % CANCER CASES ARE

DETECTED AT LATE STAGE WHEN TREATMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE

EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER HELPS IN COMPLETE CURE OF SOME CANCER

PREVENTION BY TAKING SOME PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IS THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT CANCER

CAUSES - TOBACCO CIGARETTE SMOKING IS A MAJOR

CAUSE OF CANCER SMOKING MAY BE – ACTIVE OR

PASSIVE – BOTH ARE HARMFUL CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO IN FORM

OF KHAINI, ZARDA AND GHUTKA ALSO CAUSES CANCER

TOBACCO NOT ONLY CAUSES CANCER BUT ALSO OTHER DISEASES

CAUSES – BETELNUT

BETELNUT CONTAINS CARCINOGENS THE NUTS KEPT BURRIED IN THE

GROUND FOR LOND PERIOD LEADS TO THE GROWTH OF FUNGUS WHICH IS CARCINOGENIC

PEOPLE CONSUMING BETELNUT ALSO HAVE THE HABIT OF CONSUMING TOBACCO

CAUSES - ALCOHOL

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEADS TO CANCER OF ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, LARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, LIVER

PEOPLE WHO DRINK ALSO SMOKES FURTHER INCREASING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER

CAUSES – FAT/FIBRE

HIGH INTAKE OF FAT (ANIMAL) INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER (BREAST AND COLON)

DIETARY FIBRE OF PLANT ORIGIN HAS A PROTECTIVE ROLE AGAINST CANCER

CAUSES – BARBEQUED FOOD

HIGH FAT AND HIGH PROTEIN FOOD WHEN GRILLED AT HIGH TEMPARATURE PRODUCES A CHEMICAL KNOWN TO BE HAVING CARCINOGENIC EFFECT

HIGHLY BROWN AND CHARRED FOOD HAS CANCER CAUSING COMPOUNDS

CAUSES - POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION – MAY ALSO CAUSE CANCER (ASBESTOS)

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS ARE EXPOSED TO VARIOUS CHEMICALS WHICH ARE KNOWN TO BE CARCINOGEN

CAUSES – WATER POLLUTION

WATER MAY CONTAIN A NUMBER OF CANCER CAUSING SUBSTANCE AS THE INDUSTRIES DUMP CHEMICAL DIRECTLY INTO WATER OR BURRY THEM IN THE GROUND

CAUSES – X-RAY

X-RAYS MAY STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER

REPEATED X-RAYS SHOULD BE AVOIDED

X-RAY DONE ON PREGNANT WOMEN MAY INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF CHILDHOOD CANCER

CAUSES - VIRUS

CERTAIN VIRUSES MAY CAUSE CANCER THESE VIRUSES ARE – HEPATITIS –B & C,

EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS, HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS, CMV. Etc.

THESE VIRUSES CAN BE TRANSMITTED BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION, USE OF CONTAMINATED NEEDLES, FROM MOTHER TO CHILD DURING PREGNANCY OR BREAST FEEDING AND THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE

CAUSES - HERIDITY

FEW CANCER LIKE RETINOBLASTOMA (EYE), COLON CANCER ARISING FROM GENETICALLY CAUSED POLYPS

EVEN BREAST CANCER AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER

CANCER DEVELOPS IN THE BODY VERY SILENTLY

UNTIL IT COMES TO CERTAIN STAGE PATIENTS LEAD A NORMAL LIFE WITHOUT ANY COMPLAINTS

INITIALLY IT PRODUCES MILD SMPTOMS AS FOUND IN OTHER AILMENTS

WHY EARLY DETECTION IS IMPORTANT ?

DISEASE DETECTED AT EARLY STAGE PRODUCES BETTER RESULTS ON TREATMENT AND EVEN CURE

ADVANCED DISEASE SHOWS POOR RESULT ON TREATMENT

ADVANCED DISEASE LEADS TO FINANCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN

HOW TO DETECT DISEASE EARLY

SEVEN DANGER SIGNALS CHANGE IN BLADDER & BOWEL HABITS SORE THROAT NOT HEALING UNUSUAL BLEEDING OR DISCHARGE THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR

ANYWHERE INDIGESTION AND DIFFICULTY IN

SWALLOWING OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WAT OR MOLE NAGGING COGH OR HOARSENESS OF VOICE

LARYNGEAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

PERSISTENT HOARSENESS SORENESS IN RHE NECK FELLING OF HAVING A LUMP IN THE

THROAT DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOEINGRISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION

AND ALCOHOL INTAKE

ORAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

PERSISTENT WHITE OR RED PATCHES, USUALLY PAINLESS

ANY PERSISTENT LUMP OR SWELLING

RISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL INTAKE

LUNG CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

CHRONIC COUGH COUGHING OUT OF BLOOD CHANGE IN THE VOICE CHEST PAIN SHORTNESS OF BREATHRISK FACTORS – SMOKING, EXPOSURE TO

ASBESTOS, COAL TAR DERIVATIVES AND

RADIATION

BREAST CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

FIRM LUMP SMALL CHANGES IN THE NIPPLE DISCHARGE FROM THE NIPPLERISK FACTORS – EARLY MENSTRUATION

LATE MENOPAUSE FIRST CHILD AFTER 35 YRS OF AGE CHILDLESSNESS FAMILY HISTORY - BREAST

CANCER HIGH FAT & LOW FIBRE DIET

CERVICAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

ABNORMAL BLEEDING BETWEEN PERIODS

BLEEDING AFTER INTERCOURSE PROLONGED HEAVY BLEEDING

DURING MENSTRUATIONRISK FACTORS - FREQUENT SEXUAL

INTERCOURSE AT AN EARLY AGE, MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS, MANY CHILDREN

COLORECTAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

BLOOD IN STOOL FEELING OF BEING BLOATED CHANGE IN BOWEL HABITS CONSTIPATION

COLORECTAL CANCER – RISK FACTORS

AGE OVER 40 FAMILY HISTORY H/O INFALMATORY BOWEL DISEASE FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS PAST H/O OF BREAST OR OTHER

REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CANCER IN FEMALE

HIGH CONSUMPTION OF RED MEAT AND LOW FIBRE DIET

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS

DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING RECURRENT INDIGESTION

RISK FACTORS SMOKING ALCOHOL DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS AND

MINERALS

MODALITIES OF TREATMENT

SURGERY

RADIOTHERAPY

CHEMOTHERAPY

TREATMENT - SURGERY OLDEST TREATMENT LOTS OF ADVANCEMENT HAVE

TAKEN PLACE OVER LAST FEW YEARS

SURGERY HAS ROLE IN PREVENTION OF CANCER – REMOVAL OF NON-VITAL ORGAN

DIAGNOSIS – ASPIRATION, BIOPSY, LAPAROTOMY

TREATMENT - RADIOTHERAPY

WIDELY USED TELETHERAPY – WHEN THE TUMOR

IS AT A DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE, THESE INCLUDE – COBALT-60 AND LINEAR ACCELERATOR

BRACHTHERAPY – SOURCE OF RADIATION IS CLOSE TO THE TUMOR OR WITHIN THE TUMOR

TREATMENT - CHEMOTHERAPY

CHEMOTHERAPY MEANS TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH DRUGS

CHEMOTHERAPY INTEREFERS WITH CELL DIVISION

USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH RADIATION OR SURGERY

NEWER TREATMENTS

IMMUNOTHERAPY

GENE THERAPY

THANK YOU