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PreteritePreterite
Up to now we’ve talked about actions that happen in the present, that happen on a regular basis, or that are happening right now. These verbs are in the simple present or present progressive.
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PreteritePreterite
Next we’re going to learn how to talk about the past in Spanish. One way is to talk about an action that started and finished in the past. This tense is called the preterite.
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PreteritePreterite
In English, a preterite form looks like this:
– walk > walked– play > played– say > said– drive > drove– be > was, were
Some are regular (predictable): play > played
Others are irregular (unpredictable): go > went
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PreteritePreterite
In this presentation, we’ll look at the regular preterite endings.
Here’s a typical one:– yo hablé– tú hablaste– él habló– nosotros hablamos– ellos hablaron
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FormsForms
The endings for –AR verbs are:– yo - é– tú - aste– él - ó– nosotros - amos– ellos - aron
Notice the accent marks on the yo and él forms. They are very important!
Also notice that the nosotros form is the same in both the present and the preterite.
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Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!
Charlar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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CharlarCharlar
yo charlé tú charlaste él charló nosotros charlamos ellos charlaron
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Otro verbo, por favor!Otro verbo, por favor!
Cenar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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CenarCenar
yo cené tú cenaste él cenó nosotros cenamos ellos cenaron
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And now, a few trickier ones…And now, a few trickier ones…
sacar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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SacarSacar
yo saqué tú sacaste él sacó nosotros sacamos ellos sacaron
Verbs whose bases end in –car make a spelling change in the yo form only: cé > qué
It’s a spelling change to retain the original pronunciation.
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Otro verbo semejante…Otro verbo semejante…
pagar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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PagarPagar
yo pagué tú pagaste él pagó nosotros pagamos ellos pagaron
Verbs whose bases end in –gar make a spelling change in the yo form only: gé > gué
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Un grupo mUn grupo más…ás…
almorzar– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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AlmorzarAlmorzar
yo almorcé tú almorzaste él almorzó nosotros almorzamos ellos almorzaron
Verbs whose bases end in –zar make a spelling change in the yo form only: zé > cé
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Almorzar (o > ue)Almorzar (o > ue)
yo almorcé tú almorzaste él almorzó nosotros almorzamos ellos almorzaron
Almorzar is a stem-changing verb, but stem-changers in –ar and –er do not change in the preterite.
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Seriously?Seriously?
Try this one! Comenzar (e > ie)
– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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Comenzar (e > ie)Comenzar (e > ie)
yo comencé tú comenzaste él comenzó nosotros comenzamos ellos comenzaron
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OK, how about the reflexives?OK, how about the reflexives?
sentarse (e > ie)– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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Sentarse (e > ie)Sentarse (e > ie)
yo me senté tú te sentaste él se sentó nosotros nos sentamos ellos se sentaron
Reflexive verbs change in the very same way. Just don’t forget the reflexive pronoun before the main verb.
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What about –ER & –IR verbs?What about –ER & –IR verbs?
The endings are identical for –er & -ir: Comer
– yo comí– tú comiste– él comió– nosotros comimos– ellos comieron
Escribir– yo escribí– tú escribiste– él escribió– nosotros escribimos– ellos escribieron
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Take a closer look!Take a closer look!
-ar -er / -ir -é -í -aste -iste -ó -ió -amos -imos -aron -ieron
The endings are very similar, except that the –er/-ir verb endings always contain an –i- and the –ar verb endings never do.
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Let’s practice!Let’s practice!
Conocer– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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ConocerConocer
– yo conocí– tú conociste– él conoció– nosotros conocimos– ellos conocieron
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Otro verbo, por favor!Otro verbo, por favor!
Recibir– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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RecibirRecibir
– yo recibí– tú recibiste– él recibió– nosotros recibimos– ellos recibieron
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A ver!A ver!
The verb ver is a little bit unusual because it does not take accent marks:
– yo vi– tú viste– él vio– nosotros vimos– ellos vieron
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Volver (o > ue)Volver (o > ue)
– yo _______– tú _______– él _______– nosotros _______– ellos _______
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Volver (o > ue)Volver (o > ue)
– yo volví– tú volviste– él volvió– nosotros volvimos– ellos volvieron
– Stem-changing –er verbs do not change in the preterite!
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And stem-changing –IR verbs?And stem-changing –IR verbs?
Do you remember that –ir verbs are special in the –ndo form because they make a vowel change?
– dormir (o > ue) >> durmiendo– servir (e > i) >> sirviendo– preferir (e > ie) >> prefiriendo
Well, guess what? They change in the él/ellos form only:
– yo dormí– tú dormiste– él durmió– nosotros dormimos– ellos durmieron
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Another exampleAnother example
Vestirse (e > i)– yo me vestí– tú te vestiste– él se vistió– nosotros nos vestimos– ellos se vistieron
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Un momento, por favor…Un momento, por favor…
Here are three more: Pedir (e > i)
– él pidió– ellos pidieron
Preferir (e > ie)– él prefirió– ellos prefirieron
Servir (e > i)– él sirvió– ellos sirvieron
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Let’s practice!Let’s practice!
Gloria ______ (llegar) a la oficina a las 8 y ______ (empezar) a trabajar. Primero, _______ (terminar) una carta. Después, _______ (escribir) un informe. Luego, _____ (pedir) el almuerzo.
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QuQué tal salió?é tal salió?
Gloria llegó a la oficina a las 8 y empezó a trabajar. Primero, terminó una carta. Después, escribió un informe. Luego, pidió el almuerzo.
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Uno mUno más, por favor!ás, por favor!
Tú ______ (salir) de casa a las 7,30, ______ (llegar) a la oficina a las 8, y ______ (comenzar) a trabajar. Primero, _______ (leer) varias cartas. Después, _______ (escribir) un informe. Luego, _____ (pedir) el almuerzo. Por fin, ________ (ver) a muchas personas y ________ (hablar) con ellas. _________ (volver) a casa a las 4,30
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QuQué tal salió?é tal salió?
Tú saliste de casa a las 7,30, llegaste a la oficina a las 8, y comenzaste a trabajar. Primero, leiste varias cartas. Después, escribiste un informe. Luego, pediste el almuerzo. Por fin, viste a muchas personas y hablaste con ellas. Volviste a casa a las 4,30.
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That’s all, folks!That’s all, folks!
Now you are ready to work on the irregular preterite verb forms.