Pressure Pipeline Condition Assessment

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BRYON LIVINGSTON, P.E.

IMPLEMENTING CONDITION ASSESSMENT: KNOWING WHICH TECHNOLOGIES TO USE FOR PRESSURE PIPELINES

AGENDA

Definition of Condition Assessment

Where Do I Start

Available Technologies

Best Practices

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CONDITION ASSESSMENT DEFINITION

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The collection of data and information through direct and/or indirect methods, followed by analysis of the data and information, to make a determination of the current and/or future . . . . status of the pipeline.

ACCORDING TO THE EPA, CONDITION ASSESSMENT IS…

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How much data needs to be collected?

WHERE DO I START

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IMPLEMENTING CONDITION ASSESSMENT REQUIRES A PROCESS

Step 1 GET STARTED

• Develop framework and requirements for program

• Prepare list of pipeline materials, age, diameters • Coordinate GIS

with Operations

• Develop Program Funding • Identify inspection

technologies • Develop criteria for

risk analysis (LOF, COF)

• Conduct inspections; indirect and direct

• Estimate remaining life of pipe

• Develop future inspection frequency for pipelines

• Develop planning level Repair/Rehab/Replace Action Plan

• Prioritize high risk assets for rehabilitation

Step 2

Develop Strategy

Step 3

Identify Inventory, Update

GIS

Step 4

Prioritize Pipelines

Step 5

Conduct Condition

Assessment

Step 6

Incorporate Results into CIP

• NOW or AFTER the NEWS

Black & Veatch

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Black & Veatch

MANY FACTORS IMPACT LIFE OF A PIPE – ALL PIPE INSTALLED IN ONE YEAR WON’T FAIL IN THE SAME YEAR

External Loads

Soil Traffic Overburden

Bedding Condition and Material

Internal Corrosion

External Corrosion

Design and Construction Practices

Leakage

Soil Characteristics

Contraction Loads

Temperature

Movement

Water Quality

Internal Pressures

• Risk Analysis can be Simple or Complex

• Based Upon

• Likelihood Of Failure (LOF)

• Consequence Of Failure (COF)

• LOF X COF = RISK

DESKTOP PRIORITIZATION

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 G G G G D C B A A A

9 H H H H D C B A A A

8 H H H H D C B A A A

7 Z Z Z Z D C B B B B

6 Z Z Z Z D C C C C C

5 Z Z Z Z D D D D D D

4 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z F F E




Likelihood of Failure

Co

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nc

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ure

• Pipe Length • Pipe Material • Pipe Age • AWWA Standard

PHYSICAL FACTORS FOR LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE

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• Pipe Break (Leaks) Data • Multiple Material In

Pipeline

• Pipe Diameter

• Pipe Alignment

• Pipe Physical Location

• Service Areas

FACTORS FOR CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE

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• Estimated Duration of Service Interruption

• Land Use

• Specific Customers

• Provide a Numerical Ranking Based on Risk Exposure

• Method Allows Adjusting of Weighting on Factors to Meet Specific Concerns

RESULTS ARE INSPECTION PRIORITIES

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90

8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80

7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70

6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60

5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Likelihood of Failure

Co

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Asset Risk Index

MIAMI-DADE PROJECT

• Over 7,760 Miles of Pipe

• 16” and Larger (3,755,000 feet)

• 4.7 Miles Ranked High Priority

• Expanded Existing Inspection of PCCP to Include Cast Iron

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• About 12.6 miles of Concrete Mains

• Installed from 1950’s to 1970’s and 1990’s

• Diameter ranges from 16 Inch to 36 Inch

• No history of Failures (except Contractors)

LAWRENCE, KANSAS

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AVAILABLE TECHNOLGIES

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• Indirect Testing

• Corrosion Potential Surveys

• Leak Detection

• Pipeline In Service

• Pipeline Out of Service

• Technologies for Specific Pipe Materials

• Metallic (Ductile/Cast Iron, Steel)

• Concreter(Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP), Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP)

• Plastic (PVC and HDPE) and Asbestos Cement

WHAT ARE YOUR OPTIONS

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IN SERVICE TECHNOLOGIES

• Indirect Testing Methods

• Leak Detection with Closed Circuit TV

• Electromagnetic (pipeline pig)

• Broadband Electromagnetic

• Ultrasonic Testing

• Magnetic Flux Leakage

• Coupon Analysis

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• Assessment included

• In-situ Soil Resistivity Using Wenner 4-Pin Method

• Potential External Pipeline Corrosion and Stray Currents Using DC Cell-to-Cell Survey

• Survey Run Along Pipeline Route Limited to Segments of Pipeline Not Covered by Asphalt and Concrete Pavement

INDIRECT CORROSION ASSESSMENT

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• Assessment Included

• In-Situ Soil Resistivity Using Wenner 4-Pin Method


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CURRENT ELECTRODE CURRENT ELECTRODE POTENTIAL ELECTRODES



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IN-SITU SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT PIPELINE LOCATION MARKING

DC CELL TO CELL SURVEY PIPELINE LOCATER

LEAK DETECTION - CORRELATORS

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ADVANTAGES

• Pipe Remains in Service

• No Entry Required

• Wide Range of Tools Available

• Provides Information Immediately on Pipe’s Condition

LIMITATIONS

• Dependent on Method Selected

IN THE PIPE – JD-7, SAHARA, SMART BALL

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• Free Swimming or Tethered

• Data Collected Real Time or Analyzed Later

• Range Varies with System

CCTV & LEAK DETECTION: WITH PIPE IN SERVICE

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• Inline Video Inspection of up to 4,000 Feet while the Line Remains in Service

• Possible Uses: • Liner Inspection • Location of Lost Valve • Zebra Mussel

Investigation • Corrosion /

Tuberculation • Repair Planning

ELECTROMAGNETICS REMOTE FIELD EDDY CURRENT - METALLIC

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ADVANTAGES

• Able to Detect Internal and External Pipe Defects

• Measures Wall Thickness and Location of Pits

• Doesn’t Require Contact

LIMITATIONS

• Only Works on Metallic Pipe

• Insertion and Retrieval can be Problematic

LAUNCH TUBE AND TOOL READY FOR INSERTION

Black & Veatch 16 Dec. 2015

ISP INSPECTION IN 2013

ISP INSPECTION IN 2013 RAYMORE, MISSOURI

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REMOTE FIELD EDDY CURRENT – CONCRETE PCCP

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1 2 3 4

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BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC (BEM)


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ADVANTAGES • Able to detect internal and

external pipe defects • Measures wall thickness

and location of pits • Can inspect through coating

LIMITATIONS • Only works on metallic pipe • Provides average wall

thickness

ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVE, A- & B-SCAN (METALLIC PIPE)

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ADVANTAGES

• Accurate to a .003 inch

• Displays the Cross Sectional Thickness of the Material

• Portable can go about anywhere

LIMITATIONS

• Short Lengths or Area can be Inspected

• Requires Access to the Pipe

• Cannot Scan Pipes with Heavily Corroded Exterior surfaces

GUIDED WAVE TESTING (GWT)

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• Consisting of a Collar Mounted on the Pipe being Inspected. • Low-Frequency Ultrasonic (>20kHz) Waves are Generated

in the Pipe Wall. • The wave travels in the pipe wall and is scattered/reflected

by changes in the pipe cross section (i.e. by corrosion, welds or other wall thickness changes).

BENEFITS OF GUIDED WAVE TESTING

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• 100% Volumetric Coverage • Inspection over Long

Distances from a Single Sensor Position.

• Ability to Inspect Hidden Structures and Structures under Water, Coatings, Insulations and Concrete.

• Defect Classification and Approximate Circumferential and Axial Sizing.

• Avoidance of Removal/ Reinstatement of Insulation or Coating, except at Location of Transducer Tool

ULTRASONIC – CONCRETE PIPE

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• Able to Detect Delamination from Rebar Corrosion

• Identify Cracks in Mortar

• More Accurate than Manual Sounding

• Impact Echo

• Slab Impulse Response

• Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves

GLENDALE ARIZONA

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• SIR Tested 9 locations

• IE Tested 40 locations

• Mortar Coating Could be Easily Scored to Shallow Depth

TYPICAL IE TESTING

TYPICAL TESTING GRID

Avg Frequency Spectrum, T = 4.36 in V = 144000 in/sec

Frequency (Hz)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000

in

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5e-005

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TYPICAL IE TEST DATA

POSSIBLE DELAMINATION DETECTED

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• SIR Tested 27 Locations

• Portion of Steel Joint Ring Exposed

16-INCH AERDS PIPELINE - SITE 3

POSSIBLE DELAMINATION LOCATION CORROSION AT JOINT

MISSING MORTAR AND CORROSION ON JOINT RING

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SIR RESULTS

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• Sound Location

• Questionable Location

• Delamination Location

MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE – METALLIC PIPE

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• Used Primarily in the Oil Industry

• Provides Information on Wall Thickness

• Free Swimming Tool so Pipe can Remain in Service

• Limited Applications Requires Contact with Pipe Wall

MFL


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COUPON ANALYSIS

• Requires Excavation and Hot Tap on Pipe

• Results Requires Engineering Evaluation

• Size of Tap Impacts Analysis


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PLASTIC PIPE - PVC AND HDPE

• Failures Occur

• Installation is Critical

• No Non-Destructive Testing


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PIPELINE OUT OF SERVICE VISUAL INSPECTION MAN ENTRY

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ADVANTAGES

• Ability to use Multiple Tools - including Some that Require Human Operation

• Detailed Visual Inspection

LIMITATIONS

• System Must Be Shut Down and Drained

• Only for Large Diameter Pipes (36 inch?)

• Health & Safety Risks

ROBOTIC CRAWLERS WITH CCTV, EDDY CURRENT


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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES


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INLINE ENHANCED EM PIPE ASSESSMENT

• Enhanced Electromagnetics

• Similar to PCCP Assessment Technology

• Provides Data on Wall Loss for Metallic Pipe


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BEST PRACTICES

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THE CONDITION OF CONDITION ASSESSMENTACCORDING TO THE EPA

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• Condition assessment is either not used or not used routinely by a most utilities

• Utilities often have little data in system besides the type of pipe, type of service and installation date

• If inspections have been conducted usually only have qualitative (Good/Poor) information – not useful

• Utilities are leery of new inspection techniques and need to be educated on how to use effectively

• Repair or replacement typically only occurs after major failure event and associated negative attention

BEST PRACTICES

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• Empowers Utility to act as Steward of Community Water Infrastructure

• Encourages Proactive Investment

• Facilitates Continuous Improvement

• Requires Prioritization of Pipes in the System and Condition

• Significant Emphasis on Collecting the Quantity and Quality of Data Collected Needed to Determine Status of Pipeline

R3 = Replace RIGHT pipe, RIGHT time, RIGHT material

JUST DROPPED IN TO SEE WHAT CONDITION MY CONDITION WAS IN (KENNY ROGERS AND THE FIRST EDITION, 1968)

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• Overcome Individual Barriers

• Develop a Plan For Your System

• Determine the Value of Condition Assessment for Your System

• Implement a Logical Approach for Technologies

• Use the Information to Develop Repair/Replacement Plan

R3 = Replace RIGHT pipe, RIGHT time, RIGHT material

Questions

Bryon Livingston, P.E.

Black & Veatch

8400 Ward Parkway

Kansas City, MO 64114

913-458-3368

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

CLOSED CIRCUIT TV REMOTE OPERATED VEHICLE

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ADVANTAGES

• Inspection takes place while pipe in service (Intakes, Tunnels)

• CCTV HD Video

• 2- D and 3-D sonar

• No manned entry

LIMITATIONS

• Low flow velocity required < 1 ft/s

• Range < 10,000 ft

Image Courtesy of Hibbard Inshore

Pressure Pipeline Condition Assessment

Engineering

Transcript of Pressure Pipeline Condition Assessment