Pressure Gauge Load Cell Pressure Release Valve Compression Lid Disc Backers Base Water Fz Air Core...
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Pressure Gauge Load Cell Pressure Release Valve Compression Lid Disc Backers Base Water Fz Air Core Bushing R ank W ant/Need Percentage Im portance 1 N o lossofflow /W atertight 19 2 Apply/M easure flow rate 15 3 Apply/M easure Com pressive Force 14 4 W ork Effectively & Efficiently 12 5 M easure differentialpressure 10 6 N o tem peraturechange ofliquid 9 7 D urability 6 8 Ease ofU se 6 9 Relative sm allsize 4 10 Relative sm allcost 4 W.L. Gore – Lateral Permeability Test Device Alec Ploshnick, Josh Matz, Rich Stanton, Wen Li Advisor: Dr. Michael Keefe Sponsors: Kevin Cresswell, Mike Hawley, Tyler Hinkle Project Scope: To design, fabricate, and develop a test stand and procedure to characterize the lateral-direction permeability and performance of liquid filtration media backers with respect to flow and compression. Design Requirements Project Background Testing and Validation Concept Generation Acknowledgments Flow Compression Final Concept Needs: Path Forward Metrics: We would like to thank the Engineering Faculty at the University of Delaware for providing us with this opportunity. Also a special thanks to Dr. Keefe and our sponsors at W. L. Gore for all the insight and help they provided us during every step of this Following the conclusion of this project, W. L. Gore will use this device to further characterize other backer material samples, which will determine the best material for future filter applications. Testing Study Topics: •Evaluating backer behavior before and after compression is applied •Evaluating the repeatability of the testing device to generate similar results under same conditions •Evaluating flow rates with respect to number of samples and compression •Evaluating flow between aluminum plates and backer samples •Comparing different backer samples under the same conditions SolidWorks Image Prototype Image Problem Statement: Liquid filters produced by W.L. Gore’s industrial division combine micro-porous ePTFE filtration membranes with macro-porous backer materials which physically support the filtration media in the application. Up to a point, the flow rate of the device is largely determined by the surface area of the filtration media in the device. Higher surface areas require a larger amount of media, higher pleat counts, and result in larger compression forces between the individual pleats. In filters with very high pleat counts (and high compressive forces between the pleats) the working fluid is forced to permeate through the “x” and “y” directions of the backer layer before moving in the “z” direction through the ePTFE membrane. Understanding the permeability / lateral flow of backer materials under various degrees of compression is an important factor in the development of future filtration devices. R ank M etrics Related W ant Percentage Im portance C urrent State V alue Future Target V alue 1 Flow through B.C . 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 16 U nknow n < 1% Flow 2 R ange ofFlow R ates 1, 2, 5, 10 14 U nknow n Sm all:m L/hr Large:gal/min 3 # ofBacker Sheets 2, 3, 4 12 U nknow n 4 ≤ ≤ 50 4 Testing Tim e 2, 4, 8, 10 11 Few hours > 10 Sam ples perD ay 5 Preparation Tim e 3, 4, 8, 10 10 1-2 w eeks < 30 m ins 6 C om pressive Force 3, 5, 7, 10 10 U nknow n 0 to 200 lbf 7 Life ofTestR ig 3, 7, 10 7 Proprietary 7 years 8 M easure Pressure 5, 8 5 0 – 70 psi 0 – 100 psi 9 M easure Tem perature 6, 8 4 20C – 40 C 20C – 40 C 10 C orrosion R esistY /N 7, 10 3 Y es Y es 11 Scheduled M aintenance 7, 10 3 Proprietary Every 6 M onths 12 Size 9 2 Proprietary < 4’x 4’ 13 C ost 10 1 Proprietary < $5,000 • The final concept consists of the Flow Rig, the Compression Stand, a Pressure Dispensing Vessel, an Electronic Scale, and a Computer that gathers all the data • The pressure dispensing vessel will be attached to pressurized air to create a constant and accurate water flow rate in • This water will travel through a tube attached to the water inlet hole on the Base Plate of the Flow Rig • The Compression Stand will then compress the Flow Rig (compressing the backer samples) and water will begin flow • After the water exits the backer samples into the Water Basin, the water will then travel through a pipe and into a bucket on an Electronic Scale Scissor Jack Compression Stand How it Works: Testing Results •Backer behavior is not affected by multiple compressions or flow tests •Test device can produce same results after repeated tests •Increasing number of samples increased flow rates •Increasing compression decreased flow rates •Flow escapes between aluminum plates and backer samples. Silicone discs were placed in between backer and aluminum plates, resolving this problem •Results above show varying backer sample flow rates under specified conditions Conclusions 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 B acker 4 - 6 S amples B acker 4 - 3 S amples B acker 3 - 6 S amples B acker 3 - 3 S amples B acker 2 - 6 S amples B acker 2 - 3 S amples B acker 1 - 6 S amples B acker 1 - 3 S amples S tab ilized F orce, lb s. A verage F low O u t, m L /se c. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 10 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 15 psi 10 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 10 psi 10 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 8 psi 5 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 14 psi 5 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 10 psi 5 S am ples:A ir P ressure = 7 psi S tabilized F orce,lbs. A verage F low R ate,m L/sec. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 C om pression C ontrolTest O ver C om pressed Test2 O ver C om pressed Test1 Test3 Test2 Test1 S tabilized F orce, lbs. A verage F low R ate,m L/sec. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 T ests W ith outS ilicon T ests w ith S ilicon S tabilized F orce w ith W ater F low ing,lbs. A ve ra g e F lo w R ate,m L/sec. Backer Behavior: Compression & Repeatability Data Flow Rates vs Compression, Sample Size, & Air Pressure Flow Rates between Aluminum and Backers Different Backer Samples: Flow Rates vs Compression & Sample Size WaterFlow “Upstream ” BackerLayer “Downstream ” BackerLayer Retentive M em brane Layer WaterFlow WaterIn Water O ut Low Pleat Density •Lower Compression •Water flows easily through pleats High Pleat Density •Higher Compression •Water forced to flow ‘laterally’ through backers Filter Media within it’s Cage Water Flow Path After analyzing the data from the testing device, it was concluded that the testing device does help with characterizing the lateral permeability of backer material with respect to flow and compression. It was noted in the data above that increasing sample size increases flow while increasing compression decreases flow. On top of this, the testing device provided accurate and repeatable results. This proves the project scope was satisfied and the device can assist with comparing varying backer materials.
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Transcript of Pressure Gauge Load Cell Pressure Release Valve Compression Lid Disc Backers Base Water Fz Air Core...
PressureGauge Load Cell
Pressure Release Valve
Compression Lid
Disc Backers
Base
Water
Fz
Air
Core
Bushing
Rank Want/Need Percentage Importance
1 No loss of flow/Watertight 19 2 Apply/Measure flow rate 15 3 Apply/Measure Compressive Force 14 4 Work Effectively & Efficiently 12 5 Measure differential pressure 10 6 No temperature change of liquid 9 7 Durability 6 8 Ease of Use 6 9 Relative small size 4
10 Relative small cost 4
W.L. Gore – Lateral Permeability Test DeviceAlec Ploshnick, Josh Matz, Rich Stanton, Wen Li
Advisor: Dr. Michael KeefeSponsors: Kevin Cresswell, Mike Hawley, Tyler Hinkle
Project Scope:To design, fabricate, and develop a test stand and procedure to characterize the lateral-direction permeability and performance of liquid filtration media backers with respect to flow and compression.
Design Requirements
Project Background Testing and ValidationConcept Generation
Acknowledgments
Flow Compression
Final Concept
Needs:
Path Forward
Metrics:
We would like to thank the Engineering Faculty at the University of Delaware for providing us with this opportunity. Also a special thanks to Dr. Keefe and our sponsors at W. L. Gore for all the insight and help they provided us during every step of this design project.
Following the conclusion of this project, W. L. Gore will use this device to further characterize other backer material samples, which will determine the best material for future filter applications.
Testing Study Topics:•Evaluating backer behavior before and after compression is applied•Evaluating the repeatability of the testing device to generate similar results under same conditions•Evaluating flow rates with respect to number of samples and compression•Evaluating flow between aluminum plates and backer samples•Comparing different backer samples under the same conditions
SolidWorks Image Prototype Image
Problem Statement:Liquid filters produced by W.L. Gore’s industrial division combine micro-porous ePTFE filtration membranes with macro-porous backer materials which physically support the filtration media in the application. Up to a point, the flow rate of the device is largely determined by the surface area of the filtration media in the device. Higher surface areas require a larger amount of media, higher pleat counts, and result in larger compression forces between the individual pleats. In filters with very high pleat counts (and high compressive forces between the pleats) the working fluid is forced to permeate through the “x” and “y” directions of the backer layer before moving in the “z” direction through the ePTFE membrane. Understanding the permeability / lateral flow of backer materials under various degrees of compression is an important factor in the development of future filtration devices.
Rank Metrics Related Want
Percentage Importance
Current State Value
Future Target Value
1 Flow through B.C. 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 16 Unknown < 1% Flow
2 Range of Flow Rates 1, 2, 5, 10 14 Unknown Small: mL/hr Large: gal/min
3 # of Backer Sheets 2, 3, 4 12 Unknown 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50
4 Testing Time 2, 4, 8, 10 11 Few hours > 10 Samples per Day
5 Preparation Time 3, 4, 8, 10 10 1-2 weeks < 30 mins 6 Compressive Force 3, 5, 7, 10 10 Unknown 0 to 200 lbf 7 Life of Test Rig 3, 7, 10 7 Proprietary 7 years 8 Measure Pressure 5, 8 5 0 – 70 psi 0 – 100 psi 9 Measure Temperature 6, 8 4 20C – 40 C 20C – 40 C
10 Corrosion Resist Y/N 7, 10 3 Yes Yes 11 Scheduled Maintenance 7, 10 3 Proprietary Every 6 Months 12 Size 9 2 Proprietary < 4’ x 4’ 13 Cost 10 1 Proprietary < $5,000
• The final concept consists of the Flow Rig, the Compression Stand, a Pressure Dispensing Vessel, an Electronic Scale, and a Computer that gathers all the data
• The pressure dispensing vessel will be attached to pressurized air to create a constant and accurate water flow rate in
• This water will travel through a tube attached to the water inlet hole on the Base Plate of the Flow Rig
• The Compression Stand will then compress the Flow Rig (compressing the backer samples) and water will begin flow
• After the water exits the backer samples into the Water Basin, the water will then travel through a pipe and into a bucket on an Electronic Scale
• This scale is hooked up to the Computer and records instantaneous weights every second; to determine flow rate out
• With this data, a graph of Flow vs. Compression can be generated and analyzed to show the characteristics of each backers permeability
Scissor Jack
Compression Stand
How it Works:
Testing Results•Backer behavior is not affected by multiple compressions or flow tests•Test device can produce same results after repeated tests•Increasing number of samples increased flow rates•Increasing compression decreased flow rates•Flow escapes between aluminum plates and backer samples. Silicone discs were placed in between backer and aluminum plates, resolving this problem•Results above show varying backer sample flow rates under specified conditions
Conclusions
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5
10
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30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Backer 4 - 6 SamplesBacker 4 - 3 SamplesBacker 3 - 6 SamplesBacker 3 - 3 SamplesBacker 2 - 6 SamplesBacker 2 - 3 SamplesBacker 1 - 6 SamplesBacker 1 - 3 Samples
Stabilized Force, lbs.
Ave
rag
e F
low
Out,
mL/s
ec.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
10 Samples: Air Pressure = 15 psi10 Samples: Air Pressure = 10 psi10 Samples: Air Pressure = 8 psi5 Samples: Air Pressure = 14 psi5 Samples: Air Pressure = 10 psi5 Samples: Air Pressure = 7 psi
Stabilized Force, lbs.
Ave
rage
Flo
w R
ate,
mL/
sec.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Compression Control TestOver Compressed Test 2Over Compressed Test 1Test 3Test 2Test 1
Stabilized Force, lbs.
Ave
rage
Flo
w R
ate,
mL/
sec.
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Tests Without SiliconTests with Silicon
Stabilized Force with Water Flowing, lbs.
Ave
rage
Flo
w R
ate,
mL/
sec.
Backer Behavior: Compression & Repeatability Data
Flow Rates vs Compression, Sample Size, & Air Pressure
Flow Rates between Aluminum and Backers
Different Backer Samples: Flow Rates vs Compression
& Sample Size
Water Flow
“Upstream”Backer Layer
“Downstream”Backer Layer
RetentiveMembrane Layer
Water Flow
Water In
WaterOut
Low Pleat Density•Lower Compression•Water flows easily through pleats
High Pleat Density•Higher Compression•Water forced to flow ‘laterally’ through backers
Filter Media within it’s Cage
Water Flow Path
After analyzing the data from the testing device, it was concluded that the testing device does help with characterizing the lateral permeability of backer material with respect to flow and compression. It was noted in the data above that increasing sample size increases flow while increasing compression decreases flow. On top of this, the testing device provided accurate and repeatable results. This proves the project scope was satisfied and the device can assist with comparing varying backer materials.
