Presents TEXTILES - missouliantech.commissouliantech.com/wonder/current/3-11-13-textiles.pdf · ing...
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Every minute. Every day. missoulian.com Teachers A teachers aid for the World of Wonder page is available at missouliantech.com/wonder Proud partner in Community Education Presents TEXTILES LEARN MORE ABOUT TEXTILES IN THE NEXT THREE INSTALLMENTS OF WORLD OF WONDER At a bookstore near you: Two full-color World of Wonder compilations: “Plants & Animals” and “People & Places.” By Laurie Triefeldt Over the centuries, textiles have played a vital role in world econ- omies and cultures. Once primarily the domain of women, textiles today are made mostly in factories with highly specialized power looms. But some of the finest velvets, brocades and table linens are still made the old-fashioned way — by hand. Trim here and attach to Part Two SOURCES: World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc.; Victoria and Albert Museum; http://threadsintyme.tripod.com; www.encyclopedia.com; www.homespunhaven.com; www.woolery.com PART ONE OF FOUR — COLLECT ALL FOUR AND MAKE A GIANT POSTER STRING TO CLOTH Ancient history When exactly people began mak- ing textiles is unknown. Ancient artifacts indicate that people were weaving at least 27,000 years ago. 25000 B.C.: Carved Venus figu- rines are depicted with clothing. 9000 B.C.: Sheep and goats are domesticated. 8000 B.C.: Flax (the earliest plant source for linen) is cultivated in the Near East (Syria and Turkey). Woolen textiles are also being made there. 6300 B.C.: Finely woven cloth (30 to 38 threads per inch) is made in Turkey. 5000 B.C.: The ancient Egyptians produce linen cloth. 3500 B.C. TO 3000 B.C.: Raising sheep is a major industry in Sume- ria. Both hairy and woolly sheep are being bred. 3300 B.C.: Otzi the Iceman dies in the Italian Alps wearing three layers of clothing. 3000 B.C: Cotton is cultivated in the Indus River Valley (modern Pakistan and western India) and possibly in the Americas. 2700 B.C.: In China, silk- worms are cultivated and special looms are devel- oped to weave silk cloth. 2600 B.C.: Fabric is dyed in China. 2500 B.C.: An Egyptian mummy is wrapped in linen woven at 540 threads per inch, as fine as what is made today. 2200 B.C.: Bright red dye (prob- ably obtained from the insect Kermes ilicis) is used in Egypt. 300 B.C.: Alexander the Great brings cotton goods from the Indus Valley to Europe. Ancient Romans and Greeks develop a thriving textile trade. 200 B.C. to A.D. 200: The people of Peru use a “knitting needle.” A.D. 500 to 1000: The spinning wheel is in use in India. A.D. 750: Silk becomes a luxury item in ancient Rome. © 2013 Triefeldt Studios, Inc. Distributed by Universal Uclick for UFS Braids and knots About 30,000 years ago, early man developed string by twisting together plant fibers. Early experiments with string and thread led to the first woven textiles. Threads and strings were knotted, laced and braided together to make useful and beautiful articles. Braids are formed by intertwin- ing three or more strands of fibers. Braided textiles are used to make rope and decorative objects. Modern macramé combines braiding and knotting to create hanging fiber artwork. Looms Simple weaving looms were developed in the early Neolithic era — about 12,000 years ago. The straight branch of a tree was probably the first loom. The ancient Greeks are credited with constructing a frame to replace the tree branch, creating a vertical loom. The treadle (foot-operated) and frame loom system was devel- oped in China during the Shang dynasty (1766 to 1122 B.C.). This loom freed the weaver from picking each warp thread by hand — allowing for the produc- tion of larger quantities of cloth in less time. Greek clay pot with image of a warp-weighted loom, fourth century B.C. Campa loom 19th- century Peru, South America Egyptian loom from tomb of Chnem-hotep Roller Treadles Heddles Frame Ancient Greek vertical loom Modern treadle looms can store many yards of woven cloth on a large roller at the foot of the loom. With the warp-weighted loom, fabric is woven from top to bottom. The weaver walks the width of the loom, allowing for a wider cloth than is practical on a ground loom. The counterbalanced treadle loom is a type of floor loom that uses pulleys and roller dowels to hang shafts that respond to the weaver’s foot on the treadles. The jack loom is sometimes called a single tie loom, as only some of the shafts are tied to a treadle. This loom works well for many basic weaving tasks. Table looms like the jack loom tend to be smaller, more portable and less expensive than floor looms (although some jack looms are made floor-sized). Shaft bars Pulleys Ratchet wheel Heddles Treadles Ratchet wheel Shaft bars Roller Floor looms are used to produce longer lengths of fabric, designs that are more complex, and carpets and rugs. The horizontal ground loom is a simple arrangement of sticks and poles driven into the ground. Many cultures still use the ground loom. The portable backstrap loom is made up of sticks, rope and a strap that is worn around the waist. The vertical loom is a type of tapestry frame loom. Otzi Macramé
Transcript of Presents TEXTILES - missouliantech.commissouliantech.com/wonder/current/3-11-13-textiles.pdf · ing...
Every minute. Every day.
missoulian.comTeachersA teachers aid for the World of Wonder page is available at missouliantech.com/wonder
TM
Proud partner in Community Education
Presents
Presents
Proud partner inCommunity Education
TEXTILES
LEARN MORE ABOUT TEXTILES IN THE NEXT THREE INSTALLMENTS OF WORLD OF WONDER
At a bookstore near you: Two full-color World of Wonder compilations: “Plants & Animals” and “People & Places.”
By Laurie Triefeldt
Over the centuries, textiles have played a vital role in world econ-omies and cultures. Once primarily the domain of women, textiles today are made mostly in factories with highly specialized power looms. But some of the finest velvets, brocades and table linens
are still made the old-fashioned way — by hand.
Trim here and attach to Part Two SOURCES: World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc.; Victoria and Albert Museum; http://threadsintyme.tripod.com; www.encyclopedia.com; www.homespunhaven.com; www.woolery.com
PART ONE OF FOUR — COLLECT ALL FOUR AND MAKE A GIANT POSTER
STRING TO CLOTH Ancient historyWhen exactly people began mak-ing textiles is unknown. Ancient artifacts indicate that people were weaving at least 27,000 years ago. 25000 B.C.: Carved Venus figu-rines are depicted with clothing.9000 B.C.: Sheep and goats are domesticated.8000 B.C.: Flax (the earliest plant source for linen) is cultivated in the Near East (Syria and Turkey). Woolen textiles are also being made there.6300 B.C.: Finely woven cloth (30 to 38 threads per inch) is made in Turkey.5000 B.C.: The ancient Egyptians produce linen cloth.3500 B.C. TO 3000 B.C.: Raising sheep is a major industry in Sume-ria. Both hairy and woolly sheep are being bred.
3300 B.C.: Otzi the Iceman dies in the Italian Alps wearing three layers of clothing. 3000 B.C: Cotton is cultivated in the Indus River Valley (modern Pakistan and western India) and possibly in the Americas.2700 B.C.: In China, silk-worms are cultivated and
special looms are devel-oped to weave silk cloth. 2600 B.C.: Fabric is dyed in China.
2500 B.C.: An Egyptian mummy is wrapped in linen woven at 540 threads per inch, as fine as what is made today.2200 B.C.: Bright red dye (prob-ably obtained from the insect Kermes ilicis) is used in Egypt.300 B.C.: Alexander the Great brings cotton goods from the Indus Valley to Europe. Ancient Romans and Greeks develop a thriving textile trade.200 B.C. to A.D. 200: The people of Peru use a “knitting needle.”A.D. 500 to 1000: The spinning wheel is in use in India.A.D. 750: Silk becomes a luxury item in ancient Rome.
© 2013 Triefeldt Studios, Inc.Distributed by Universal Uclick for UFS
Braids and knotsAbout 30,000 years ago, early man developed string by twisting together plant fibers.Early experiments with string and thread led to the first woven textiles. Threads and strings were knotted, laced and braided together to make useful and beautiful articles.Braids are formed by intertwin-ing three or more strands of fibers. Braided textiles are used to make rope and decorative objects. Modern macramé combines braiding and knotting to create hanging fiber artwork.
LoomsSimple weaving looms were developed in the early Neolithic era — about 12,000 years ago. The straight branch of a tree was probably the first loom. The ancient Greeks are credited with constructing a frame to replace the tree branch, creating a vertical loom. The treadle (foot-operated) and frame loom system was devel-oped in China during the Shang dynasty (1766 to 1122 B.C.). This loom freed the weaver from picking each warp thread by hand — allowing for the produc-tion of larger quantities of cloth in less time.
Greek clay pot with image of a warp-weighted loom,
fourth century B.C.
Campa loom 19th-
century Peru, South
America
Egyptian loom from tomb of Chnem-hotep
Roller
Treadles
Heddles
Frame
Ancient Greek vertical loom
Modern treadle looms
can store many yards of woven cloth on a large
roller at the foot of the loom.
With the warp-weighted loom, fabric is woven from top to bottom. The weaver walks the width of the loom, allowing for a wider cloth than is practical on a ground loom.
The counterbalanced treadle loom is a type of floor loom that uses pulleys and roller dowels to hang shafts that respond to the weaver’s foot on the treadles.
The jack loom is sometimes called a single tie loom, as only some of the shafts are tied to a treadle. This loom works well for many basic weaving tasks. Table looms like the jack loom tend to be smaller, more portable and less expensive than floor looms (although some jack looms are made floor-sized).
Shaft bars
Pulleys
Ratchet wheel
Heddles
Treadles
Ratchet wheel
Shaft bars
Roller
Floor looms are used to produce longer lengths of fabric, designs that are more complex, and carpets and rugs.
The horizontal ground loom is a simple arrangement of sticks and poles driven into the ground.
Many cultures still use the
ground loom.
The portable backstrap loom is made up of sticks, rope and a strap that is worn around the waist.
The vertical loom is a type of tapestry frame loom.
Otzi
Macramé
