PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE

JAKARTA, 26 MARCH 2013

SUBJECTS TO TALK ABOUT INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. Pendahuluan2. Information System3. Main System Components4. Steps in Data Conversion into Information5. Characteristics of Information6. The Nature of Information7. Types of Information Systems8. Information System Strategic Planning9. The Right Fit between IT and IS10. The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM

Manusia Bergantung pada alam

Abad 18

10 X

Th 1945

1000 X

Waktu

Gelombang 0Teknologi Belum

Berkembang

RevolusiPertanian

Gel 1Teknologi

Cocok tanam

RevolusiIndustri

Gel 2Tek

MesinTenaga

RevolusiInformasi

Gel 3Tek

Mesin Cerdas(Komputer)

Empat Gelombang Perkembanagn Teknologi ( Futurolog-Alvin Toflfer )

T e k n o l o g i

4

Pemanfaatan TIK

Dunia KesehatanDunia PerbankanDunia BisnisDunia Media Massa dan InformasiDunia Administrasi PerkantoranDunia Pendidikan

5

With a ubiquitous terminal,it is possible to watch

cartoons anytime, anywhere.

With a ubiquitous terminal,it is possible to watch

cartoons anytime, anywhere.

While watching a cartoon… Oh!A message from

Grandpa!

I want to go to the aquarium!

OK, I will pay the fee so why don’ t you enjoy the virtual aquarium?

Wow! The shark just got bigger! It is like I am actually in the sea.

What do you want for your birthday?

Screen adapts to the soundsin the large-screenvirtual aquarium.

Screen adapts to the soundsin the large-screen

virtual aquarium.

When it is ready I will try distributing on the web. If the response is good I will actually perform it later.

I will send a script I just amended here.

I am going to actually perform the choreography that I have worked out, so take a look.

Image of costumes for the △ △ role are ready so take a look.

The main theme song is finally ready. What do you think?

In charge ofchoreography

In charge ofmusic

In charge of script

In charge ofclothing

Collaboration on a multi-screenCollaboration on a multi-screen

Send choreography as solid imagesSend choreography as solid images

Anybody can create(musical creation with Net friends)

Anybody can create(musical creation with Net friends)

Food ready 10 minutesafter coming out of

the bath.A hot bath ready 5

minutes after returninghome.

Cleaning completeby return time.

Supports ideal lifestylebased around return time.Supports ideal lifestyle

based around return time.

Checks on state of herchildren. Check contact

items via e-mail.

Checks on state of herchildren. Check contact

items via e-mail.

NoticeTomorrow is theexcursion so we will meet at 8:30.Please make sure

to bring a lunch box.

In charge ○○

They are playing happily. I need to prepare a lunch box tomorrow so I must go shopping on the way home.

Case of grandfather and grandson

Cross the pedestriancrossing 5m ahead to the right.

There is a bicycle 2m ahead.Take care.

Guides to registereddestination with simple

operations

Guides to registereddestination with simple

operations

I must slow down and pay attention.

Encourage the driver topay attention and

contribute to preventionof accidents

Encourage the driver topay attention and

contribute to preventionof accidents

A pedestrian is trying to cross the crossing.

The sensor detectsand notifies

concerning obstacles

The sensor detectsand notifies

concerning obstacles

Case of the handicapped

Case of independent creator

ICT penetrates into every area of life.

Case of working parents

Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Life)

6

Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Industry)

ICT penetrates into all areas of industry

Efficiency in production management processes within corporations

Example of supply-chain management for apparel company(management of orders, stock and distribution)

Advanced knowledge management within corporations Penetration of ICT use into all areas of industry

Realize flexible collaboration between corporations

位置情報管理

タグ

タグリーダー

NW 媒体情報DB

サーバー 管理部門

書類 B 書類 B

移動検知コピー禁止書類です

セキュリティ管理

持出し禁止書類です！

Example of system of document management within a company(confirm location of documents, security management)

NW

医師

薬品保管室

タグ

タグ

タグ

タグ

タグ 患者の取り違えチェック 投薬の量チェック投薬の種類チェック

取り違えている場合アラーム 量が違う場合アラーム 薬が違う場合アラーム

医療DB

チェック

チェック

チェック

薬の処方の指示

NW

医師

薬品保管室

タグ

タグ

タグ

タグ

タグ 患者の取り違えチェック 投薬の量チェック投薬の種類チェック

取り違えている場合アラーム 量が違う場合アラーム 薬が違う場合アラーム

医療DB

チェック

チェック

チェック

薬の処方の指示

Example of system to support appropriate provision and application of medicine at hospitals etc.

ＮＷTheater

Restaurant

Hotel

Car rental

Travel agency

AirlineAgent Robot

Management Server

Position information management

Document B

Document B

Security management

Documents not to be copied

Tags

Tag reader

Server

Media information DB

Management department

Direction on taking medicine

Check it is correct patient Check amount of medicine given

Medicine storage room

Check

Check

Check

Tag Tag

Tag

Send alarm if incorrect Send alarm if amount incorrect Send alarm if incorrect

Check type of medicine given

Detection of relocations

Documents not to be taken

out

Example of system that links various companies together to meet travel-related needs and provides a system for processing.

Doctor

Medical DB

・流通履歴・在庫情報

（（（ （（（））） ））） （（（ （（（

））） ）））（（（ （（（））） ）））

Weaving factory Apparel distribution center Retailer

- distribution history- stock information

Reference: product codeColorSize etc.

Reference: product codeColorSize etc.

Reference: product codeColorSizeCloth, materials etc.

Reading via electronic tag reader

Reading via electronic tag reader

Reading via electronic tag reader

Electronic tags Electronic tags

Shipping inspection

Inspections of incoming/outgoing

shipments, stocktaking

Inspections of incoming

shipments, stocktaking

（（（（（（））））））

Search

MediaInformation Comm.

Shopping

Entertainment

Internet is Platform

education

Bisnis, Education, Produk, Community, Virtual Network

Radio 2.0

8

Information System• A system that creates, processes, stores, and generates

information to help individuals make meaningful decisions.

9

Field of Information Systems• The study of information and its effect on the individual, the

organization, and society at large.

10

IS and IT• An Information System is a collection of components that

work together to provide information to help in the operations and management of an organization.

• Information Technology is the integration of computers, communications equipment, and other technology used in information systems.

11

Five Main System Components• Input

– Machines, manpower, raw materials, money, time• Process

– Policies, procedures, and operations that convert data into information• Output

– Information in the right format, conveyed at the right time and place to the right person

• Feedback– Data about the performance of the system

• Control– Processing the feedback and taking the necessary action, such as

modifying the processes, input, or output

Gambar Interaksi Komponen Sistem Informasi

M O D E L

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

BASIS DATA KONTROL

OUTPUT

I N P UT

ORANG PROSEDUR

JARKON DAN KOMDAT

BASIS DATA

PERANGKAT

LUNAK

PE PERANGKAT

KERAS

P

HUBUNGAN ELEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI

ELEMEN SITEM INFORMASI

14

Seven Steps in Data Conversion into Information

• Collection• Classification• Sorting,adding, merging• Summarizing• Storing • Retrieval• Dissemination

15

Characteristics of Information

Characteristic Description

Subjective value The value of information differs from individual to individual.

Information should be pertinent to the decision maker.

Decision makers should receive the information at the right time.

Information should be free of errors.

Information should be presented so that it can be readily used in decision making.

The decision maker should have all necessary information to make a good decision.

Information should be readily available to those who need it.

Relevance

Timeliness

Accuracy

Meaningful format

Completeness

Accessibility

16

Unstructured Structured HighlyStructured

Unconstrained Constrained HighlyConstrained

Future Future andHistorical Historical

LongYears

Medium,Weeks/Months

Short,Days/Hours

Infrequent Frequent VeryFrequent

External Internal andExternal Internal

TOPMANAGER

LOWERMANAGER

MIDDLEMANAGER

InformationSources

Frequencyof use

TimeScale

TimeHorizon

Scope

Nature ofDecision

The Nature of Information

17

4 Types of Information Systems• Personal, Work-Group, Enterprise-Wide Systems

– Sometimes information systems are grouped into categories based on the number of individuals who use them: personal systems (one user), work-group systems (a group of users), or enterprise-wide systems (the entire organization).

• Systems Based on Type of Decision

– Decisions can be classified as operational, tactical, and strategic.• Strategic Information Systems

– Information systems that give a company a significant strategic advantage over its market competitors. These can be transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, or any combination of these systems.

• Function-Oriented Information Systems

– Systems classified according to their business function: marketing information systems, manufacturing information systems, financial information systems, etc.

18

IS Types used for Decision Making• Systems that support operational, tactical, and strategic decision are broadly

classified into the following categories:

– Transaction processing systems (TPS)– Management information systems (MIS)– Intelligent support systems (ISS), which include decision

support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS), and expert systems (ES)

• Intelligent support systems (ISS) refer to a group of systems that support decisions requiring the use of knowledge, intuition, experience, and expertise

– Decision support systems (DSS)– Executive information systems (EIS)– Artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES)

19

Functional Based Information System

• Information systems can also be classified according to function in these four areas:– Marketing– Manufacturing and service– Accounting and finance– Human resources

20

Why Information ?

Business Facts

Data

Information

Knowledge

Intelligence

+ procedure

+ context

+ experience

+ wisdom

INTELLIGENT MANAGER

21

The CBIS ModelComputer-based

Information System(CBIS)

Accounting Information System

ManagementInformation System

Decision SupportSystems

The VirtualOffice

Knowledge-based Systems

Decisions

Problem

Information

ProblemSolution

22

THREE DOMAINSInformation System

RequirementsInformation Technology Supply

Information Management Strategy

STRATEGIC PLANNINGList of Scenarios

Risk ManagementCost/Benefit Analysis

Technical DesignProject Management

Priorities Level and ScheduleImplementation Plan

Human Resource Skills and Competencies Requirements

Change Management

INTERNALCorporate History

Business PlanExisting Information TechnologyConstraints and Opportunities

Strength and WeaknessApproach and Methodology

EXTERNALIndustry Trend

Information Technology Development

Competitor AnalysisBenchmarkingBest Practice

SH

AR

E H O L D ER

S

N

E

TW

OR

K & P AR

TN

E

R

S

BUSINESSPROCESS

PROCEDURES

STANDARDPEOPLE

CULTURE

POLICIES

LEGALASPECT

TECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE

COMPANYASSETS

FINANCIALRESOURCES

ORGANIZATIONSTRUCTURE

COMPANYGEOGRAPHICAL

TOPOLOGY

BLUE PRINTINPUT

VALUE

VISIONMISSION

CSFsKPIs

STRATEGY

Ideology, Political Agenda, Economic Environment, Social and Culture, International Relationship, National

Defense, Religion, Behaviors,

Macro Environment

ANALYSIS PROCESS

Information System Strategic Planning

23

The Right Fit between IT and IS• IS managers ensure a fit between information systems and

technologies through computer architecture– Computer architecture is the major components needed to build

a system and an analysis of how the components fit together• Information technologies help build the information

infrastructure– The infrastructure are the physical components required to

implement the architecture, such as wiring, cables, software, etc.

24

ITs that Build Information System

•Hardware•Software•Databases•Networks•Other related components

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

Customer ServiceSystem

Marketing System

Inventory System

Payroll System

25

Role of Information Technology

Business Facts

Data

Information

Knowledge

Intelligence

+ procedure

+ context

+ experience

+ wisdom

INTELLIGENT MANAGER

EXECUTIVES

LINE MANAGER

SUPERVISOR

STAFF1. H

elp

Crea

ting

the

Inte

llige

nce

2. H

elp

Empo

wer

ing

the

Peop

le

26

CEO

CIOControl and

Quality Assurance

INFORMATIONSYSTEM

Others

OrganizationAnalysis

BusinessIntelligence

CompanySupports

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

Others

Tools andSupports

ApplicationDevelopment

TechnologyInfrastructure

INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT

Others

Training andDevelopment

Outsourcing

Supports andServices

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

COUNCIL

Internal IT Organization Structure

27

DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE

DATAWAREHOUSE

TRANSACTIONALINFORMATION SYSTEM

MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SYSTEM

DECISIONSUPPORT SYSTEM

EXECUTIVEINFORMATION

SYSTEM

TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION

QueryingSystem

ReportingSystem

ConsolidationSystem

TransactionSystem

•Users•Customer Services

•Chief Executive Officer•CIO, COO, CFO, CTO•Senior Executives

•Line Managers•Junior Managers

•Supervisors•Assistants

Management Information System

28

MIS Applications PortfolioStakeholders

Managem

ent ControlFinance – Accounting - Auditing

Empl

oyee

s

Adm

inist

rativ

e Co

ntro

lHR

MS

– O

RMS

- Pur

chas

ing

Customers, Resellers

Selling Chain Management

Customer Relationship ManagementMarketing – Sales – Customer Service

Business PartnersSuppliers, Distributors, Resellers

Supply Chain Management

Enterprise Resource PlanningLogistics – Production - Distribution

KnowledgeTone

Applications

EnterpriseApplicationIntegration

Internet

Indrajit (2000: 29) mengemukakan bahwa tiga hal pokok yang perlu dipahami secara menyeluruh apa yang harus diperhatikan dan dipertimbangkan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem informasi terintegrasi yang baik adalah:

1. Sistem informasi, merupakan definisi secara jelas dan terperinci sehubungan dengan jenis-jenis informasi apa saja yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan (dalam hal ini perpustakaan) dan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan (kecepatan proses pengolahan data menjadi informasi, tingkatan detail informasi, cara penampilan informasi, volume dan transaksi informasi, penanggung jawab informasi, dsb.)

2. Teknologi informasi, meliputi komponen-komponen perangkat keras (komputer, infrastruktur, alat komunikasi, dan lain-lain) dan perangkat lunak (aplikasi, sistem operasi, database, dan lain-lain) yang harus tersedia untuk menghasilkan sistem informasi yang telah didefinisikan.

3. Manajemen informasi, menyangkut perangkat manusia (brainware) yang akan menginplementasikan sistem informasi yang dibangun dan mengembangkan teknologi informasi sejalan dengan perkembangan perusahan di masa mendatang.

Berikut ini akan diberikan beberapa contoh nyata pemanfaatan perspektif strategi sistem informasi yang sejalan dengan visi sebuah organisasi. 1. Strategi Sistem Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Sebagai contoh, Dengan adanya paradigma baru, sudah selayaknya bagi universitas menyediakan perpustakaan terintegrasi yang memberikan keleluasaan bagi para mahasiswa untuk menggali potensi dirinya. Salah satu contoh peran perpustakaan terintegrasi dalam pendidikan jarak jauh (distance-learning), karena ia menggantikan peran dan fungsi pendidikan sebagaimana dalam pendidikan tatap muka. Perkembangan mutakhir dalam bidang information communication technology (ICT) memberikan peluang bagi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mahasiswa yang beragam

INFORMATION SYSTEM

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

OrganizationManagement

Human Resources

Processes

People and Culture

Standards and Procedures

Rules and Policy

Cost andInvestment

StrategicBusiness

Plan

MacroEnvironment

Outsourcing

Research andDevelopment Products and Services

Market andCustomers

PC Desktop Operating System

InternetIntranet

Extranet

Database

Applications

Notebook and Palmtop

Programming Languages

Printer

Modem MultimediaWorkgroupComputing

Data Mining

Decision SupportSystem

Digital NervousSystemISDN, VSAT

Infrastructure

ElectronicCommerce

ElectronicData

Interchange

32

INFORMATION SYSTEM- DEMAND SITE -

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY- SUPPLY SITE -

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Institutions

Community

Non Profit Organization

Business EntitiesPublic Sectors

R&D Centers

Corporations

Computer ManufacturersSoftware Houses

Universities Silicon Valley

Information Management

33

The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM

IS StrategyDivision/function based

Demand orientedBusiness focused

IT StrategyActivity based

Supply orientedTechnology focused

IM StrategyOrganisation based

Relationship orientedManagement focused

Delivery

Applications

Management

What ?

How ?

Wherefore ?

34

Three Parts of MIS Development Stage

PART ONE

InformationSystem

Requirements

PART TWO

InformationTechnology

Specification

PART THREE

InformationManagemnet

Strategy

35

The Main Principles

What kind of information does the organization need to support its daily activities and what kind of information characteristics/ properties (any related issue w.r.t. the process of information creation and distribution) required by the organization ?

PART ONE

InformationSystem

Requirements

PART TWO

InformationTechnology

Specification

PART THREE

InformationManagemnet

Strategy

What kind of appropriate technology specification required by the organization to answer its information system requirements defined previously by the organization w.r.t. its information characteristics and/or properties ?

What kind of management strategy does the organization should adapt in order to guarantee the successful development and deployment of the informationt technology projects within the organization ?

The Demand The Supply The Plan

36

The Main Stages and PhasesSTAGE I

InformationSystem

Requirements

STAGE II

InformationTechnology

Specification

STAGE III

InformationManagemnet

Strategy

PHASE AOrganization Strategic PlanAssessment and Analysis

PHASE BOrganization Business

Process Mapping

PHASE CRequired Data and Information

Characteristics/Properties Mapping

PHASE DIT Related Activities Value

Proposition and Capability Analysis

PHASE EStrategic Priorities Analysis

PHASE FIT System-Business Process

Analysis and Mapping

PHASE GIT Conceptual ArchitectureFramework Development

PHASE HApplication and Database Modules

And Standard Specification

PHASE IIT Hardware, Network, and

Infrastructure Standard Specification

PHASE JUser Management and IT Quality

Assurance Determination

PHASE KTaks Force Appointment and

Responsibilities Determination

PHASE LProjects Portfolio Mapping

and Schedule Development

PHASE MGeneral IT Project ManagementDevelopment and Deployment

PHASE NIT Governance Structure and

HR Competencies/Skills Determination

PHASE OIT Masterplan Revision and

Future Development Strategy

THANK YOU MAY OUR ALLIANCE

WOULD BE VERY FRUITFULL