Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on Sea Mine … · Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on ......

Brian AlmquistOffice of Naval Research

Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 [email protected]

Presented toPresented to2005 MINWARA Conference on 2005 MINWARA Conference on

Sea Mine WarfareSea Mine Warfare

2323--26 May 200526 May 2005

MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt

Surf Zone / Beach Zone BreachingWeapon System Program Elements

DEPLOY(Organic Supportability)

EMPLOY(Stand-off, In-stride)

HIT(Targeting, Guidance, & Control)

KILL(Warheads)

• Mainstream Assault Breaching MCM

• Assault Breaching Becomes Part of Air and Surface Strike Mission Areas

• Focus: Utilize Existing Navy / AF Systems for Deployment and Employment of CMCO Warheads

• Key Technology Challenges: Warhead Effectiveness and Dispense Mechanisms


Strategy Based on Concept of Spiral Development• JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS): Exploit existing precision

guided (JDAM) bombs

• Advanced Warhead Development: Develop countermine darts with greater kill radius & effectiveness against buried mines in water and on land.

Rapid Transition to System Level Demonstrations: Reduces risk and shortens acquisition timeline.

USN and USAF MOA for Delivery of Breaching Warheads (Signed)• Response to OMCM FNC technology developments

Mine & Obstacle Breaching S&T Strategy

Develop a Precision Mine and Obstacle Breaching Capability• Enabled by ISR and Weapon Precision Guidance• Delivery by Naval TACAIR, USAF Bombers, and Naval Guns


JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS)

Objective: • Characterize the tactical performance

of existing precision guided bombs

Program Description:• 18-Month Test & Evaluation Period• Phase I: BZ low tide Demo (Completed)• Phase II: SZ / BZ Demo (Completed)• Mission Planner

Systems Effectiveness Issues:• Lethality vs. Mines / Obstacles

(Tactical, as delivered)• Fuze (HOB, detonation in water)• Deployment Tactics• Integrated CONOPS

Goal is to Enable an Operational Capability by FY 2006Goal is to Enable an Operational Capability by FY 2006

Water Depth (m)Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal Variations

(+3-4 ft about mean tide)

AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)

174.21 m

5m10 m 50 m10 m

AL Mine, (E, L)

4 strand fence

AP mines (K)Tanglefoot

30 m

10 m

10 m

AT

min

es a

t 6 m

spa

cing

15 m

0.6 0.9 1.1 2.0

50 yds

Type 2 AL Mines (J, M)Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines

0.3

10 m

Sea Urchins

X

Target Set for JABS Surface Mines & Light Obstacles

Team:• Boeing Phantom Works• NSWC-PC• NAWC-CL• Northrop Grumman Corporation• USAF 49th T&E Squadron - Barksdale


MK-84

JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS)

B-52

Target Damage

Mission Planner Screen CaptureStandoff Delivery Platform

GBU-31(V)2/B

Precision Guidance

JDAM Tail Kit


MCIA Threat

Water Depth (m)Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal Variations

(+3-4 ft about mean tide)

AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)

174.21 m

5m10 m 50 m10 m

AL Mine, (E, L)

4 strand fence

AP mines (K)Tanglefoot

30 m

10 m

10 m

AT

min

es a

t 6 m

spac

ing

15 m

0.6 0.9 1.1 2.0

50 yds

Type 2 AL Mines (J, M)Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines

0.3

10 m

Sea Urchins

60 yds


• Tactical threat laydown provided by MCIA• Obstacle barriers consist of four-strand barb wire fence (cattle

fence), tanglefoot, triple standard concertina (TSC) wire, and sea urchins

• Includes anti-tank and anti-landing mines

MCIA Threat LaydownMines & Light Obstacles


JABS Phase I Beach Zone Lane Clearance

• Beach Effects Testing to Characterize Weapon Lethality at Tactical Impact Burial / Height of Detonation (Static); Completed- Beach arena test- Bombs detonated above and into ground (0”, -22”, -36”, +36”, +96”)- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs

• BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Prepare for Flight Demo (Static); Completed- 10 bombs tactically positioned and detonated- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs

• BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Characterize Weapon Lethality (Flight); China Lake / NAWC, CA; Completed- USAF B-52 will deploy 10 MK-84 bombs- Tactical mines & light obstacles- Low tide conditions


JABS BZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 13 Jan 2004

0900 – B-52H Left Barksdale AFB, LA1330 – Cold Pass 1345 – Hot Pass

BeforeSLIDEVIDEO


• Met All Objectives

• Successfully Employed 10 of 10 Weapons from 1 USAF B-52

• Craters can be Avoided with Appropriate Fuze Settings

Beach Zone DemonstrationObservations & Results

January 13, 2004


• Water Effects Testing to Characterize Fuze Performance in the Water Column (Flight); Completed- USN F-18 aircraft drop of 2 inert MK-84 bombs

• Water Effects Testing to Characterize Weapon Lethality at Tactical Impact / Height of Detonation (Static); Completed- Water arena test- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs- Parameters: Water depth, depth of weapon detonation, seabed penetration,

cavity formation

• SZ / BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Prepare for Flight Demo (Static); Completed- Several bombs tactically positioned and detonated- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs

• SZ / BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Characterize Weapon Lethality (Flight); Completed- Four USAF B-52 aircraft to drop multiple MK-84 bombs- Tactical mines & light obstacles arrayed on land and in water

JABS Phase II Combined SZ / BZ Lane Clearance


JABS Water Effects Testing

VIDEO (Flight)

VIDEO (Test)VIDEO (Model)Field Test Slide


JABS Combined SZ/BZ DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 9 Sept 2004

Before

0900 – 4 B-52Hs Left Barksdale AFB, LA1400 – Hot Pass

VIDEO


JABS Combined SZ / BZ Demo Preliminary Observations & Results

• Met All Objectives

• Successfully Employed 40 of 42 Weapons from 4 USAF B-52s

- Aircraft Malfunction Caused One Weapon Failure

- Tail Kit Malfunction Caused One Weapon to Fall Short

• Water Depth Plays a Key Role in Determining the Correct Weapon Configuration


JABS Mission Planner

Mission Planner

Desired Point of Impact (DPI) Locations

Allows Expeditionary Strike Group to Plan a JABS Breaching Mission


JABS Status

• Transitioned to PMS-495

• Initiated Independent Statistical Assessment of Results

- Determine Confidence Levels

- Identify Critical Areas for Acquisition Testing

• Initiated Testing Against Buried Mines & Mines in 10’ Water Depth

• Stand-Alone Mission Planner

- Initiated Integration with MEDAL


Advanced Warhead Development

• NSWC - IHD• NSWC - PC• NAWC - CL

Team: • Boeing Phantom Works• Lockheed Martin Adv Projects• SAIC

Demonstrate Technology by FY 2007Demonstrate Technology by FY 2007

Strategy: • Precision Guided CMCO

Warheads Delivered by Naval TACAIR, USAF Bombers and Naval Guns- Countermine Darts- Continuous Rod Warhead

Concepts:• Best Buy Projectile (NGFS)• TMD / Guided Munitions (Hydra-7)• BLU-109 / JDAM Tail Kit (MODS)

Effectiveness Issues:• Lethality vs. Mines / Obstacles• Dart Dispensing• Integrated CONOPS

High Threat Scenario


Countermine Darts

Chemical Dart Detonating Dart

VIDEO (HE Dart Test)

Slots added to improve performance against proud

mines

2.5 mL DETA 5 mL DETA

VIDEO (Chemical Dart vs. Mine in Water)VIDEO (HYDRA-7 Dart Test)

35 CAL DARTPrimer: M42C2Free Volume: .22 cm3Delay : LEAD SALTMain Fill: PBXN-5

Mass 38.5 grams (21g subpenetrator)7.5 mL of DETA


Countermine Darts

MODS Dispenser

Packed Canister of Darts

Controlled Dispense of Countermine Darts


Dart Dispenser Concepts

MODS Forward Ejection NGFS Timed Tangential ReleaseVIDEO (Dispense) VIDEO (Sled Test)

VIDEO (Target)


MODS Flight Test MODSMine/Obstacle Defeat System


Advanced Warhead Development Status

• Reactive material dart put on the shelf; Focus investment on chemical and detonating darts

• CRW put on shelf; Focus investment on precision guided bombs for obstacle clearance

• Initiated Live System Demonstration


FY 05• Conduct MODS Inert Flight Test with Dispense• Complete Chemical Dart (BZ Only)• Down-select Dart for Live Demonstration• Initiate Live Demonstration Effort

FY 06• Conduct Live Demonstration

FY 07• Complete Transition to Acquisition (PMS – 495)

Advanced Warhead DevelopmentPlans


Summary

• System Technologies Transform Assault Breaching to a Strike Mission

• JABS Provides a Contingency Capability

• Integration of Mission Planner with MEDAL provides an Initial Fielded Capability

- Spiral to include countermine darts

• Combination of Countermine Darts & JABS will Enable a Full Operational Capability





2323--26 May 200526 May 2005


JABS Combined SZ / BZ Threat Laydown NAWC China Lake


BZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)

Beach Zone Test Eglin AFB12 September 2002

Demonstrated:• Effectiveness against light obstacles• Effectiveness against mines


JDAM ASSAULT BREACHING SYSTEM NEAR-TERM SURF ZONE / BEACH ZONE REQUIREMENTS

MINIMUM NEAR-TERM REQUIREMENT

THRESHOLD OBJECTIVE ANTI-LANDING MINES, TYPE 2 P

ANTI-LANDING MINES C ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES (PLASTIC OR STEEL CASE) R

ANTI-TANK MINES, PLASTIC C MINES

ANTI-TANK MINES, STEEL CASED C CONCRETE CUBES (4’ x 4’ x 4’) R

CONCRETE TETRAHEDRONS (DRAGON’S TEETH) R H E A V Y CONCRETE JERSEY BARRIERS

(REINFORCED CONCRETE – 12’ LENGTH x 2.75’ HT) R

STEEL HEDGEHOG (SH) (4’ x 4’ x 3/8” ANGLE IRON) R

STEEL TETRAHEDRON (ST) (4’ x 4’ x 5/8” ANGLE IRON) R M E D I U M

LOG POSTS (LP) (16” DIA / BURIED 5’ DEEP / 30” – 48” ABOVE GROUND) R

SEA URCHINS (SU) C TRIPLE-STRAND CONCERTINA WIRE (TSC) (36” DIAMETER / ENGINEER STAKES @ 12’) C

TANGLEFOOT WIRE (TF) C

OBST

ACLE

TYP

ES

L I G H T

4-STRAND BARBED WIRE FENCE (BW) C COMBINED ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES WITH TANGLEFOOT R

10’ WATER DEPTH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P 10’ WATER DEPTH P 6’ WATER DEPTH C

3’ WATER DEPTH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P 3’ WATER DEPTH C

ON BEACH (PROUD) C

ENVIRONMENT

ON BEACH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P

Reference: JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS) Interim Requirements Letter dated 1 Dec 04 signed by OPNAV N75

P – Pending ONR FY05 Test; R – Requirement; C - Completed

JABSPerformance Parameters Matrix


Mk 84 Test, Summer 99 Mk 83 Test, Spring 01 Mk 83 Water Test

Arena Tests are Used to Characterize Weapon LethalityArena Tests are Used to Characterize Weapon Lethality

Arena Tests (Static)


JABS BZ Lethality Data

Regression analysis used to evaluate kill / no kill data

Kill - All Mechanisms

00.20.40.60.8

11.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Type AType BType FType GType H

Fragment KIlls

00.20.40.60.8

11.2

0 20 40 60 80 100

Type AType BType FType GType H

Pressure Kills

00.20.40.60.8

11.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Type AType BType FType H


Compilation of JABS Test DataExample

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 >50 A 1/1 1/1 2/2 2/3 5/8 10/10 4/4 3/4* 0/2 62 B 1/1 1/1 2/2 5/5 7/7 3/3 1/2 4/4 1/1 66 F 1/1 0/0 0/0 2/2 2/2 6/6 4/5 2/2 2/2 1/1 72 G 1/1 0/0 0/0 5/5 3/3 4/4 3/4 2/4 1/1 1/1 63 H 1/1 0/0 0/0 3/3 3/3 4/4 1/1 4/4 5/5 1/1 72

BZ A F BZSZ B * Upper end of bin

3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 E(0.6m) 0ms 2/2 1/1 1/3 2/2 1/2 1/1 0/0 0/1 0/1 0/0 0/1 E(1.1m) 0ms 2/2 3/3 2/3 0/2 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/1

E(2.0m) 10ms 0/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 0/1 1/1


• Joint Air Force / Navy Program

• GPS – Aided Guidance- Guidance commands provided by INS; GPS aids INS- 2.5 meter CEP without target location error

• Affordable, Adverse Weather, Accurate Guidance Kit- Attaches to the existing 500, 1,000 and 2,000-lb

general purpose bombs- Uses controlled tail fin movements to guide the weapon

• Production Began May 1998- Current production rate is 3000 kits / month

JDAM


Staggered Column

The effects against this target lay-down were sufficient for a cleared lane for an AAV equipped unit.

Beach Zone Test Eglin AFB - 12 September 2002

BZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)


JABS Mission Planner / OBSCLR

• MP Predicted 50 Weapons - Lethality from Single Weapon Arena Tests

- Conservative Estimate

• OBSCLR Predicted 42 Weapons- Monte Carlo Analysis

- Accounts for Effects from Multiple Weapons

• Flight Demo Estimate- Based on Experience to Reduce Uncertainty

• Adjusted Weapon Laydown Due to Lower Water Levels- No Time to Run the MP or OBSCLR

• Dropped 42 Weapons

Sequence of Planning Events:





2323--26 May 200526 May 2005


BZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 13 Jan 2004

After Back


Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)Unitary Warhead

Back


BZ 3

Back


JABS SZ Flight Test

BACK


3 FT Fill

BACK


BACK

Model


Back

JABS BZ/SZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 9 Sept 2004


SZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)

Back


Chemical Dart vs. Mine in Water

Back


HE Dart Test

Back


MODS Sled Test

Back


Back

NGFS Timed Tangential Release


NGFS Timed Tangential ReleaseDarts on Target

Back


MODS First Flight TestDecember 16, 2004

Back


HYDRA-7 Dart Test

Back

Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on Sea Mine … · Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on ......

Documents

Transcript of Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on Sea Mine … · Presented to 2005 MINWARA Conference on ......