Presented by: USA Biogas

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Ø 27% of all food that is produced (grown, raised, harvested and marketed) is thrown away.

Ø It is estimated that annually over $1.0 billion is spent to dispose of the food.

Source: 2001 JRR Recycling Market Development Roundtable

The State of Food Waste in the U.S.

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Food Waste ~ MSW

Source: EPA Office of Solid Waste, Municipal Solid Waste Fact Sheet www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm

Ø Decomposition of food wastes in landfills rapidly form leachate and result in methane gas (greenhouse gas).

Ø The organic acid leachate created by the decomposition leaches metals from the waste in the landfill

Food Waste ~ Recycled

Ø There are approximately 27.6 million tons of food waste generated with only 2.7% recovered, leaving 26.5 tons going to our nations landfills.

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Ø Highly putrescible material making odors a problem.~ Incoming material must be

handled in a timely fashionØ Due to odors, large capital

investment for indoor facilities.Ø Inconsistent regulatory site and

operational standards.Ø Low tip fees at landfills make it

not economically viable.Ø Operational concerns:

~ Inconsistent daily flows~ Varying percent solids~ Site vector control~ Packaging includes plastics,

paper~ Increasing operational costs

due to corrosive environment

Food Waste Composting ~ Barriers

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Food Waste ~ What next?

And Composting has:

Ø High capital expendituresØ Rising operational costsØ Odor potential

If Land Filling Causes:

Ø Environmental concerns~ Leachate~ Green house gas production

What can be done with the 26.5 million tons of waste?

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Energy

Energy Recovery (CHPS)

Biomass

Gas Storage

Polishing Digester

Receiving Hopper

Main Digester

Biogas

Digestate Tank

Major components of high solids AD system:

Ø Receiving hoppers for liquid and solids materialØ Digester(s)Ø Gas StorageØ Combined Heat & Power System (CHPS)

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ High Solids

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BiogasMethane and Carbon Dioxide

(CH4 and CO2)

LigninLigninProteinProteinSugarSugarFatsFatsMineralsMinerals

InorganicOrganic

Biomass

Process whereby organic matter is broken down by microbiologicalactivity and takes place in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biological

Digestate N,P,K

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Ø Basic Control Parameters~ Organic loading rate~ Temperature – 95oF~ Mixing~ Retention time~ Carbon to Nitrogen ratio

(C:N).

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Control Parameter

Ø ADS is a two part process performed by specific groups of organisms.

~ Initially, organic matter is broken down into simple organic compounds by acid-forming bacteria.

~ Next, the methane-formers, breakdown the acids into methane and carbon dioxide.

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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Digestate

Ø Digestion process draws the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the feedstock leaving essentially the plant nutrients (N,P,K) largely in the digestate.

Ø The availability of nutrients is higher in the digestate than in untreated organic wastes. Nutrients are mineralized to allow more efficient plant uptake.

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Hydrogen Sulfide,

Ammonia & Water Vapor

5%Carbon Dioxide

30%

Methane65%

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biogas

Content:Ø 60 to 70% methane.Ø 30 to 40% carbon dioxide.Ø Trace amounts of hydrogen

sulfide, ammonia & water vapor.

Heat Value:Ø Biogas is 650 Btu per cubic foot. Ø Compared to natural gas at 1,000

Btu per cubic foot.

<

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Traditional AD Systems are:

Ø Low solids, large footprintØ Mesophilic temperatureØ Long retention timesØ Extensive capital investment

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Traditional Systems

DevelopmentDevelopment of aGerman Company

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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development

1995: Construction of the first Schmack biogas plant (EUCO® brand) in the form of a horizontal steel tank with a capacity of 22kW.

1997: Construction of the first concrete EUCO®with a capacity of 160 kW.

2001: Construction of Lower Saxony’s largest agricultural biogas plant with a capacity of 800 kW.

2004: Construction of Europe’s largest biogas plant based on corn silage with a capacity of 1,065 kW.

2005: Construction of Germany’s most modern waste biogas plant with a capacity of 3,000 kW.

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Increasin

g the installed electri

cal capacity

of a plant 136

-fold!

1995: 22 kW

1997: 160 kW

2001: 800 kW

2004: 1,065 kW

2005: 3,000 kW

Plant Performance

Schmack Biogas AG has been focusing all of its activities on the biogas industry for over 10 years. With a current total of over 130 built plants and an installed capacity of approximately 35 MW, Schmack technologysupplies about 70,000 4-person households with electricity around the clock.

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development

Your benefits:

Standardized designSecure plant technologyBiological + technical service

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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit

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Dewatered digested solids

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit

Power generation

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Ø Agricultural waste

Ø Human waste

Ø Animal waste

Ø Yard waste

Ø Food waste

Other wastes that could benefit from the high-solids AD process:

AD System ~ Potential High Solid Feedstocks

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Ø The amount of animal waste produced in the US is 130 times greater than the amount of human waste. (Source: US Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry “Animal Waste Pollution in America: Environmental Risks of Livestock & Poultry Production)

Animal Waste ~ A closer look

Ø Human vs. Animal Counts ~ Human race (worldwide) 6.4 billion

• Americans 297 million~ Swine 103 million (US)~ Beef cattle 58 million (US)~ Turkeys 300 million (US)~ Chickens 7.6 billion (US)

(processed each year)(Source: Scripps Howard 1998)

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Ø Odor reduction by 80%.Ø Enclosed process with a low risk of air and water emissions.

~ In the case of treating animal waste, soil and water pollution reduction.

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Environmental

Ø Stabilized waste that has nutrient content.

Ø Pathogens are killed.

Ø Maximizes recycling benefits.

Ø Reduction in greenhouse gases as a result of diversion of the wastes to the landfill.

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Ø Fuel boilers for heating.

Ø Combined Heat and Power Units (CHPU) Produced Electricity and Heat.

Ø Fuel for vehicles, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

Ø Fuel for fuel cells.

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Application of Biogas

ConclusionsConclusions

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Ø Current composting operations are situated on 15 acres with 5 acres under roof.

Ø A High Solids AD System would require just over 1 acre.

Conclusion ~ Land Requirements

Example: Treating 92 MG or 15,000 DT

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Conclusion ~ An engineered site

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Thank you for your interest in USA Biogas, world leader in biogas technology.

PH:216.986.9999 Fax:216.986.9999info@Schmack Bio-Energy.comwww.Schmack Bio-Energy.com

Schmack Bio-Energy, LLC.PO Box 310237624 Riverview RoadCleveland, Ohio 44131

Kurtz Bros. Central Ohio LLC6279 Houchard RdDublin, OH 43016