Presented by:Patricia Adams, Ronda Mott, Amy Lewis, Kyle (Kurt) Freund & Beth Hesselink

Cholesterol

Introduction

CholesterolDietary and exercise habits Risk factors

● Genetic ● Modifiable

What is Cholesterol?

HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) & Triglycerides

Total Cholesterol: < 170 LDL: < 70, < 100 if no CADHDL: >60 (women) >50 (men)Triglycerides: <150

The Numbers

http://www.nano.org.uk/news/jan2009/1743.gif

Where is Cholesterol Produced?

http://wbblog.wautier.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Happy-People-Big-Stock.jpg

Synthesis of Hormones!!!Behavior & Mood Swings

Bile Salts

Needed for Survival

Anti-inflammatory

Vitamin D

AgeGenderDiabetesDietObesityPhysical InactivityHereditary

Risks of High Cholesterol

Dietary Cholesterol Sourcesearhttp://www.healthyandbeauty-blog.com/tag/good-cholesterol/

America's Cholesterol Burden

• 71 million high LDL, “bad,” cholesterola. 1 out of every 3 has the condition

under controlb.Less than half get treatment

• High total cholesterol = 2x risk of heart disease

http://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm

Levels Vary by Ethnicity

Race or Ethnic GroupMen (%)

Women (%)

All32.5%31.0%

Non-Hispanic Blacks34.4%27.7%

Mexican Americans41.9%31.6%

Non-Hispanic Whites30.5%32.0%

CDC. Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. United States, 1999–2002 and 2005–2008. MMWR. 2011;60(4):109–14.

Environmental Risks Factors Effecting Cholesterol

Air PollutionSeasonal Changes

Second Hand Smoke (Passive Smoking)

www.zmescience.com/ecology/environmental

Air Pollution

The effects of air pollution may extend to more than your lungs

Ultrafine particles in polluted air and LDL or “bad” cholesterol may work together to accelerate the narrowing and blockage of blood vessels

www.libraryjunction.net/wikilitem/environmental-pollution

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Tips for Risk Reduction

Check the Environmental

Protection Agency’s Daily

Air Quality

Advocate for better air

Avoid exercise near heavy traffic

areas

wwww.handyelectrician.com/blog/protect-your-health

Seasonal Changes

Cholesterol levels were highest during the winter months and the lowest during the summer months

Men’s total cholesterol levels being the highest in December

Women’s total cholesterol levels being the highest in January

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www.dreamstime.com

Second Hand Tobacco SmokePassive Smoking

Affects the cardiovascular systemIncreases risk of cardiac disease

Makes platelets stickierCauses inflammationReduces HDL cholesterol levelsIncreases LDL cholesterol levelsIncreases insulin resistance

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www.smokernewsworld.com/know-facts-smoking

e

Health Belief Model: CholesterolCues to Action

• Family History of HTN, CAD, Stroke, or MI

• Television Advertisement

• Physician referral

Perceived Susceptibility● Cholesterol levels● Age● Gender● Poor diet● Lack of exercise

Perceived Seriousness/Severity● Consequences of Hyperlipidemia● Stroke, MI, CVA● Diabetes● CAD

Modifying Factors● Diet● Weight● Exercise● Knowledge of cholesterol

Perceived Barriers● Compliance of diet and medication use● Sedentary Lifestyle● Education about cholesterol● Money

Perceived Benefits● Low cholesterol levels on

cardiac health● Physical activity ● Healthy BMI and weight

Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2010, p.39

CHOLESTEROL

Healthy People 2020

Goal

Reduce the proportion of adults with high total cholesterol levels

• Current: 15% Cholesterol >240 mg/dl

• Goal: 13.5%

Goal

Reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults

• Current: 197.7 mg/dl

• Goal: 177.9 mg/dl

How Will This Happen?

• Education and cholesterol screening

• School Lunch Changes

• Fast Food

• Social and physical environment improvement

• Smoking bans

You Can Make Changes too!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOPy1f9-L38

Conclusion

• Sources: liver production & dietary intake

• Essential for life although elevated levels increase the risk of health problems such as cardiovascular disease

• Ethnicity, genetics, environment and behavior contribute to cholesterol levels

• The Health Belief Model identifies it as a modifiable disease subject to individual motivation to change

• Nationwide health crisis

Questions?

Deleted Scenes

ReferencesAraujo, J. A., Barajas, M., Keinmann, X., Wang, B. J., Bennett, K. W., Gong,

M.,...Harkema, C. (2008). Ambient particulate pollutants in the ultrafine range

promote early atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Circulation, 102(5),

589-96.

Barnoya, J., & Glantz, S. (2008). Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke. Circulation, 111, 2684-98. Retrieved from http://www.circ.ahajournals.org

CDC (2011). Vital signs: Prevalence, treatment, and control of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. MMWR, 60(4), 109-14.

Clark, R. (2008, November). The cholesterol - heart disease scam: How the medical-industrial complex is raking in billions at our expense. Retrieved from http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-cholesterol--heart-di-by- Richard-Clark-081121-736.html

DeGuzman, P. B., & Kulbok, P. A. (2012). Changing health outcomes of vulnerable populations through nursing's influence on neighborhood built environment: A framework for nursing research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(4), 341-348.

Iganatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient centered collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 850-1033). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Kavitha, I. S. (n.d.). Are you afraid of cholesterol? Retrieved from http://www.infovalleyart.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-you-afraid-of- cholesterol.html

Ockene, I. S. (2004). Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: Treatment

implications and possible mechanisms. Arch Intern Medicine, 164(8), 863-70.

Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (6 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

References

Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Understanding_

Cholesterol.htm

San, C. (2013). Good Cholesterol. Retrieved from http://www.healthandbeauty-

blog.com/tag/good-cholesterol

Upadhyey, U. D., Needham Waddell, E., Young, S., Kerker, B. D., Berger, M., Mattle, T., & Angell, S. (2010, April). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol in New York City, 2004. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879993/

U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services (2013, March). 2020 Topics & objectives - objectives a-z. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist aspx?topicld=21

References

HDL: Quality not Quantity