Presented by ECO: Environmental Community Organization
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Presented by
ECO: Environmental Community Organization
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Polluters Roundup ECO’s Right-To-Know Project
A review of federal Clean Air Act compliance for significant air pollution sources in Hamilton County
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“Significant” Air Pollution Sources Major: Major source emits (or has the potential to emit) a large
amount of a regulated pollutant, from 100 tons per year or less depending on the pollutant toxicity and ambient air quality. (1990 CAA Amendments)
Synthetic Minor: A facility that avoids Major source requirements by accepting permit conditions which limit emissions below major source thresholds.
Federally Reportable Minor: A Minor source subject to Air Toxics emissions limits (Part 61 National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants)
OR Any Minor source which has received an Administrative Order,
or Civil Suit in the past two years.
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
“When ozone — the chief component of smog — builds up, it can literally take some people's breath away, filling emergency rooms with gasping asthma patients and sending cyclers, joggers and in-line skaters scurrying home. … Those most vulnerable should stay indoors if possible because high levels of pollution can cause major health problems, according to doctors.”
(“Breathtaking smog becoming a dangerous day-to-day hassle,” Randy Tucker, July 17, 2002 Cincinnati Enquirer)
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
The Costs of Nonattainment The imposition of more stringent emissions limits on local
industry Lost worker days and increased worker health-care costs Costs to motorists for emissions testing programs Adjustments in transportation planning to ensure that any new
or reconfigured roadways do not interfere with planned emissions reductions
Potential loss of federal monies for highway expansion should the area fail to achieve attainment
Stigma may cost us new or expanded business and industry Ill health Medical bills Shortened lives
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
Cincinnati Public Schools: 84 Summer Vacation Days
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Background: Air Quality in Hamilton County
Graduating Class
Smog Days Grades 1-12
2000 93
2001 94
2002 104
2003 122
2004 124
2005 124
2006 132
2007 132
2008 120
2009 110
2010 85
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Polluters Roundup
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320, 316, and 106 odor complaints from Hamilton County residents logged in 2005, 2006, and the first ½ of 2007 respectively.
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Polluters Roundup
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Polluters Roundup ECHO Query Run September 6, 2007
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Polluters RoundupSignificant Air Pollution Sources* in Hamilton County
Of 124 significant air pollution sources in Hamilton County, • 44 facilities (35%) had operated in violation of the federal Clean Air Act1 (CAA) for at least one quarter over the past 3 years (2004-2006)• 28 had been in violation for 8 or more quarters.
*Major, Synthetic Minor, and Federally-reportable Minor Facilities
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Polluters Roundup Significant Air Pollution Sources Violating the Clean Air
Act (1 or more quarters, 2004-2006)
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Polluters Roundup
Noncompliance by Major Facilities
Hamilton County 57% (26/49)
Ohio 45% (361/803)
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Smog: The Grinch that Stole Summertime
When ozone — the chief component of smog — builds up, it can literally take some people's breath away, filling emergency rooms with gasping asthma patients and sending cyclers, joggers and in-line skaters scurrying home. … Those most vulnerable should stay indoors if possible because high levels of pollution can cause major health problems, according to doctors.“Breathtaking smog becoming a dangerous day-to-day hassle” Randy Tucker, July 17, 2002 Cincinnati Enquirer
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Total Number of Smog Days during Each Year from Grades 1-12 for Greater Cincinnati’s High School Graduating Classes
Year Class of 2006
Class of 2007
Class of 2008
Class of 2009
SUBTOTAL
114 104
TOTAL 132 126
Smog: The Grinch that Stole Summertime
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Smog: The Grinch that Stole Summertime
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The Grinch that Stole Summertime
Agrium B-Way Blue Grass Labels Barrett Paving, Carthage CHC FabricatingChildren's Hospital Medical Center CognisDuke Energy, Miami FortE.I. Du PontFord Givaudan
Harrison IronworksLanxess Quebecor World Queen City Barrel Sawbrook Steel Castings Spring Grove Resource Recovery Sun Chemical/General Printing Ink University Hospital Valley Asphalt, Mosteller Rd.Valley Asphalt, Mehring Way
Facilities Releasing Excess Smog & Smog Forming Pollutants 2004-2006
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What’s that smell?
2005 320
2006 316
First ½ of 2007
106
Citizen complaints about industrial odors
Registered with Hamilton County Dept. of Environmental Services
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What’s that smell?
2005 320
2006 316
First ½ of 2007 106
Citizen complaints about industrial odors Registered with Hamilton County Dept. of Environmental
Services
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Top Odor Suspects2006 to mid-2007
Facility Named by complainant as “suspected”
Identified by Hamilton Co.
DOES
Known Clean Air Act Violations with Excess Pollutants
Cognis 122 37 Yes
Lanxess 62 5 Yes
Berghausen 44 22
Givaudan 6 5 Yes
United Waste Water
4 7
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Environmental Justice Movement
Background: Nonviolent Civil Rights movement led by Dr. King in the 1960’s.
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History of Environmental Justice Movement
In 1982, residents of Warren County, North Carolina, supported by the United Church of Christ, staged a demonstration in opposition to the siting of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) landfill near the community of Afton.
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Warren County NC civil disobedience
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US EPA definition
Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
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Environmental Justice
All people are entitled to a clean and healthy environment.
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Cincinnati: % Minority & Regulated Sites
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Cincinnati: % Poverty & Regulated Facilities
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Baseline or EJ Minority Fenceline Community, Major or All Facilities, Countywide or City
020406080
100
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Baseline or EJ Minority Community, Major or All Facilities, Countywide or City
Baseline % Violators
% Violators in EJ MinorityFenceline Neighborhoods
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Environmental Justice Evaluation CriteriaBaseline DemographicEJ Level Countywide Minority28.8>43.2 (1.5 x Baseline)City Wide Minority47>50 (natural break, see Figure 1)Countywide Poverty13.8>20.7 (1.5 x Baseline)Citywide Poverty21.9>32.9 (1.5 x Baseline)
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CAA Noncompliance - Generally and in EJ Fenceline Communities
020406080
100M
ajor
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Locations
% N
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CAA NoncomplianceCountywide orCitywide
Noncompliance withEJ Minority - 1-mileRadius
Noncompliance withEJ Poverty - 1-mileRadius
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COUNTYWIDE: Comparing Clean Air Act Noncompliance by MAJOR Facilities with Average,
Poor, or Minority Neighbors
Average: 55% Noncompliance
Poor: 73% Noncompliance
Minority: 64% Noncompliance
average
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CITYWIDE: Comparing Compliance by MAJOR Facilities with Average, Poor, or Minority Neighbors
Average: 76 % Noncompliance
Minority: 83% Noncompliance
Poor: 80% Noncomplianceaverage
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Baseline or EJ Poverty Fenceline Community, Major
or All Facilities, Countywide or City
0102030405060708090
Baseline or EJ Poverty Fenceline Community, Major or All Facilities,
Countywide or City
% C
AA
No
nc
om
pli
an
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Baseline % Violators
% Violators in EJ MinorityFenceline Neighborhoods
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Significant air pollution sources and major sources with environmental justice fence line neighbors, poor and/or minority, in both the city and the county, had elevated
levels of noncompliance with the CAA.
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1-mile radius around Mill Creek Corridor Air Pollution Sources releasing excess emissions in Hamilton County, OH 2004-2006
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1-mile radius around North Bend region of Hamilton County showing Air Pollution Sources releasing excess emissions in Hamilton
County, OH 2004-2006
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Net Income, fines, & estimated injunctive relief
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•We recommend a number of improvement to public access to enforcement and compliance information and documents. •We recommend that fines reflect not only economic benefit derived by facilities who fail to comply with the CAA, but also an apportionment of the cost of nonattainment to industry and residents for those whose illegal emissions exacerbate local nonattainment status. •Rigorous enforcement of existing law and additional protections for EJ minority and poverty neighborhoods is needed to stop the abuse and injustice.
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What ECO Does
ECO provides communities with research and technical expertise on government agencies and industries, focusing on enforcement and implementation of environmental laws.
ECO participates in critical permit and regulatory processes in Cincinnati and Ohio
ECO networks with activists and activist groups to create changes benefiting communities & the environment
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Happy Trails