1 Presentazione 2 call ICT 7PQ Laura Savini Euro Info Centre Milano, 11 luglio 2007.
Presentazione Spasmo - Luglio 2014 all'IRTA
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Transcript of Presentazione Spasmo - Luglio 2014 all'IRTA
A dual measurement-modelling approach for water-use optimization in apple orchards in New Zealand
Paolo Zuccarini
Aim of the work
• To assess the impact of apple production on water quantity and quality; measure-model approach
• Key data: field + data mining• Soil Plant Atmosphere System Model (SPASMO)
(Green and Clothier, 1995; 1999): assessments and predictions. Hydrological Balance of apple orchards and Water Footprint of apple production
Water footprint
WFP calculation methods
• Water consumptive method (WFN)
• Full hydrological method (Plant and Food Research)
Water Consumptive
Method
Simple and straightforwardDoes not account for:- Rainfall to the Green Pool- Dr e Ro to the Blue Pool
X
Full Hydrological Method
Soil Plant Atmosphere System Model (SPASMO) (Green and Clothier, 1995; 1999)
Methodology
Site location:The Heretaunga
Plains of Hawke’s Bay
Methodology
• Field Data Collection:
Sap Flow:Heat-pulse sensors.
Blue and green water contribution to tree transpiration will be modelled
• Soil Water Content with TDR: 0.0 – 1.0 m
• PAR radiation on orchard floor to deduce changes in green leaf area
Methodology
Methodology• Drainage: passive-wick tension fluxmeters (1.2 m)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec
Cum
ulati
ve N
O3
loss
[kg/
ha]
Cum
ulati
ve d
rain
age
[mm
]Drainage NO3 loss
- Blue water recharge- Leaching losses of nitrogen
Methodology
Database data collection
• Irrigation usage by Fruition Horticulture
• Weather patterns (40 years) by VCNS of NIWA
• Functional Soil Layers (FSL) by Landcare’s Research
Methodology• Data will be introduced in SPASMO to perform the hydrological balance and WFP assessment
• Water flows according to the hydrological approach:
• Rainfed• Gi
R = (P – PL) – (DR + RR) P: climate station DR, RR: fluxmeters
• GoR = (TC
R + ESR) TC
R: heat pulse technique ESR: TDR
• Green WF = GFPR = ΔGR * 10 / YR
• BiR = (DR + RR) DR, RR: fluxmeters
• BoR = 0.0 I: data on irrigation (che qui è 0.0)
• Blue WF = BFPR = ΔBR * 10 / YR
• XFPR = DR * (CR – Cn)/(Cr – Cn) * 10/YR CR: SPASMO prediction Cr, Cn: standard values
• • Irrigated• Gi
I = (P – PL) – (DR + RR) P: climate station DR, RR: fluxmeters
• GoI = (TC
R + ESR) TC
R: heat pulse technique ESR: TDR
• Green WF = GFPI = ΔGI * 10 / YI
• BiI = (DI + RI) DI, RI: fluxmeters
• BoI = I I: data on irrigation
• Blue WF = BFPI = ΔBI * 10 / YI
• XFPI = DI * (CI – Cn)/(Cr – Cn) * 10/YI CI: SPASMO prediction Cr, Cn: standard values
Expected Results
Detailed Water Balance Assessment of apple orchards
Expected Results
Water footprint assessment for apple production
Consumptive Approach Full Hydrological Approach
Expected ResultsWater component Goal Strategies Practical Methods Measurements Techniques of
measurement
Green Water
Reducing plant transpiration
Limiting vegetative vigour
-Pruning-Leaf plucking-Deficit irrigation
-Sap flow-Gas exchanges
-Heat pulse technique-Porometer (if available)
Reducing soil evaporation
Types of interline soil plant coverage TDR
Blue Water Reducing irrigation
Ameliorating soil water storage capacity
Tillage strategies Soil water retention
TDR measurements,Retention curves
Optimizing irrigation Deficit irrigation? The data on
irrigation
Technical data on irrigation volumes
Optimizing plant water uptake ? Sap flow
-Heat pulse technique-TDR
Grey WaterReducing leaching and drainage of agrochemicals
-Soil compaction-Deficit irrigation-Low inputs
-Drainage and leaching-[NO3]leachate
Fluxmeter(Gee et al., 2009)
ApplicabilityCalculation of Irrigation requirements
ApplicabilityWFP Assessment
ApplicabilityTo our climate
soils crops
Thank You!