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Transcript of Presentazione di PowerPoint - ICAS Congress General Lectures...ENGINES: P&WC PT6C-67C ENGINES...
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
1.1. The roles of Vertical FlightThe roles of Vertical Flight2.2. Limitation of the helicopterLimitation of the helicopter3.3. The two solutionsThe two solutions
The advanced helicopterThe advanced helicopterThe TiltrotorThe Tiltrotor
4.4. The Industry GoalsThe Industry Goals5.5. The Advanced TechnologiesThe Advanced Technologies6.6. From technologies to productFrom technologies to product7.7. AGUSTA: the Future has beganAGUSTA: the Future has began
The AB139The AB139The BA609The BA609
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
1.1. The roles of Vertical FlightThe roles of Vertical Flight
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
THE ROLES OF VERTICAL FLIGHT
•• HoveringHovering
•• TakeTake--Off and Landing in a restricted Off and Landing in a restricted area, not prepared terrains and with area, not prepared terrains and with obstaclesobstacles
UNIQUE ABILITIES OF THE UNIQUE ABILITIES OF THE HELICOPTERSHELICOPTERS
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
THE ROLES OF VERTICAL FLIGHT
Increasing demand :Increasing demand :•• Transport of people and materialsTransport of people and materials
•• Point to point connection (VIP, corporate…)Point to point connection (VIP, corporate…)
•• OffshoreOffshore
•• Short range transportShort range transport
•• Search & RescueSearch & Rescue
•• Military air mobility (Peace keeping)Military air mobility (Peace keeping)
•• SecuritySecurity
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
2. Limitations of the helicopter2. Limitations of the helicopter
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
LIMITATIONS OF THE HELICOPTER
•• Low productivityLow productivity
Low speedLow speed
high operating costshigh operating costs
•• Environmental impactEnvironmental impact
NoiseNoise
PollutionPollution
•• Public acceptancePublic acceptance
•• No rules in the ATMNo rules in the ATM
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X [m ]
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2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
3. The two solutions3. The two solutionsThe advanced helicopterThe advanced helicopterThe TiltrotorThe Tiltrotor
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
THE TWO SOLUTIONS
PERSPECTIVE OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENTOF VERTICAL FLIGHT
Helicopter Evolution
• Breakthrough Technologies• High productivity• High speed• High versatility
• All Weather• More performing• Quieter• Safer• More comfortable• Low pollution
TILTROTOR
HoveringSpeedRangeCruise
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
INDUSTRY GOALS
Lower costsLower costs
Increased Increased performanceperformance PayloadPayload
RangeRange
EnduranceEndurance
Community Community AcceptanceAcceptance
Air Traffic Air Traffic ProceduresProcedures
All weatherAll weather
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
5. The Advanced Technologies5. The Advanced Technologies
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONSADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS
The technology solutions play an important role to The technology solutions play an important role to achieve the industry goal...achieve the industry goal...
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: AERODYNAMICSADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: AERODYNAMICS
•• Higher Rotor efficiency (hover/forward flight)Higher Rotor efficiency (hover/forward flight)higher payloadhigher payloadhigher productivityhigher productivity
•• Full Full NavierNavier--Stokes codesStokes codesnoise reductionnoise reductionrotor/fuselage interactionrotor/fuselage interaction
•• Enhancement of the Enhancement of the Wind Tunnel testsWind Tunnel testsactive flow controlactive flow controlactive fiber compositeactive fiber compositestudy of new configurations (T/R)study of new configurations (T/R)
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: DYNAMICSADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: DYNAMICS
•• Active Rotor Control (flaps, Active Rotor Control (flaps, twist, tip…)twist, tip…)
reduction of rotor/fuselage reduction of rotor/fuselage vibration vibration reduction of noisereduction of noise
•• Enhancement of the Enhancement of the experimental testsexperimental tests
systems systems characterisationcharacterisation•• Vibration Monitoring SystemsVibration Monitoring Systems
rotors, drive shaftsrotors, drive shafts……•• Stability enhancementStability enhancement
Study of new configurations Study of new configurations (T/R)(T/R)
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: STRUCTURESADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: STRUCTURES
Traditional Metallic StructureTraditional Metallic Structure
Composite SolutionsComposite Solutions
…making compliance with the new stringent requirements:…making compliance with the new stringent requirements:CrashworthinessCrashworthinessBird StrikeBird StrikeEngine disk burst impactEngine disk burst impact
Introduction of the damage toleranceIntroduction of the damage tolerance
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: SIMULATIONADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: SIMULATION
•• Evaluation and improvement of the Evaluation and improvement of the VTOL handling qualitiesVTOL handling qualities
•• Development of flight simulators with Development of flight simulators with Pilot and hardware in the loopPilot and hardware in the loop
Advanced control lawsAdvanced control laws
Automatic emergency Automatic emergency manoeuvresmanoeuvres
load reductionload reduction
•• Development and validation of the flight Development and validation of the flight mechanics codesmechanics codes
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: AVIONICSADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS: AVIONICS
Helmet Helmet Mounted Mounted DysplayDysplay Direct Voice Direct Voice
InputInputTactile Tactile Control Control
FeedbackFeedback
Side StickSide Stick
Differential Differential GPSGPS Terrain Terrain
Obstacle Obstacle DatabaseDatabase
3D flight path3D flight path
MANMAN--MACHINE INTERFACEMACHINE INTERFACE
ExtendExtendOperational EnvelopeOperational Envelope Reduce PilotReduce Pilot
WorkloadWorkload
Increase PilotIncrease PilotSituation AwarenessSituation Awareness
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
6. From Technologies to product6. From Technologies to product
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCTFROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCT
Aerodynamics
Dynamics
Strctures
Simulation
Avionics
AD
VA
NC
ED
TE
CH
NO
LO
GY
SO
LU
TIO
NS
MARKET
Available
resources
and C
ollaboration Net
REQUIREMENTSAerodynamics
Dynamics
Structures
Simulation
Avionics
AD
VA
NC
ED
TE
CH
NO
LO
GY
SO
LU
TIO
NS
MARKET
Available Available resources resources and and Collaboration Collaboration
NetworkNetwork
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCTFROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCT
MedicalService
VIP
BorderPatrol
Training
NavalOperationScout
LightUtility
LawEnforcement
Search &Rescue
OperatingCosts
SpeedRange
CabinSize
UsefulLoad
IFR
Comfort
Hot &High
The The competitive competitive
performance performance diamonddiamond
An example: An example:
the AGUSTA A109the AGUSTA A109
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCTFROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCT
US101
NH90
InternationalResearchProjects
Training &simulation
BA609
AB139
Leading/primary role
TechnologyDrive
Industrialeffectiveness
PartenershipStrategic valuefor home nation
ClearVision &Mission
Marketpresence
EH101
AGUSTA AGUSTA Collaboration Collaboration
NetworkNetwork
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCTFROM TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCT
The European The European Advanced TiltrotorAdvanced Tiltrotor
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
7. AGUSTA: the Future has began7. AGUSTA: the Future has began
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUNAGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN
Operator “directs” vehicle
Pilot behaviour integrated in the
machinePilot AidingCOCKPIT
INTEGRATION
60% Reduction-3 dB below req.FAA RequirementsEXTERNAL NOISE
No-Restriction to icing
FULL ICING (EH101)
Limited Icing CapabilityALL-WEATHER
350-400 Kts275 KtsTiltrotor = 250 Kts
200 Kts180 KtsHelicopter = 170 KtsCRUISE SPEED
1310L/D x Prop. Eff. = 7 at V cruise
0.870.8Hover = 0.78VEHICLE
EFFICIENCY
2022 TARGETAGUSTA TODAYCURRENT LEVELATTRIBUTE
SUGGESTED LONG RANGE VTOL TECHNOLOGY GOALSSUGGESTED LONG RANGE VTOL TECHNOLOGY GOALSG.Price, “G.Price, “Prospects for Prospects for the future of the the future of the Vertical Vertical Flight”, Flight”,
AIAA/ICAS “The AIAA/ICAS “The Next Next 100 100 YearsYears”, 14”, 14--17 17 July July 2003, 2003, DaytonDayton, Ohio, Ohio
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUNAGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN
AB139AB139 BA609BA609
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
The AB139The AB139
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
Commercial Helicopter derived from the Military A149Commercial Helicopter derived from the Military A149
ENGINES: P&WC PT6C-67CENGINES CONTROLED BY FADECWEIGHT 6 tonPAYLOAD 2.5 tonSPEED 167 ktsRANGE >400 nm
ENGINES: P&WC PT6C-67CENGINES CONTROLED BY FADECWEIGHT 6 tonPAYLOAD 2.5 tonSPEED 167 ktsRANGE >400 nm
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
Primary structure of aluminum alloy and nomex/aluminum panels.
Fiber composite material are used for the secondary structure.
Better fuel tanks Better fuel tanks positionposition
• High space in the cabin• Better lift/drag ratio• Better crashworthiness
characteristic• light weight • Passenger cabin floor low
over the ground for easy loading and unloading
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
Canted:Canted:Shorter mastShorter mast
higher performancehigher performance
Aerodynamically Aerodynamically and dynamically and dynamically
optimisedoptimised
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
Avionics System
Primus EpicTM Avionics System (Honeywell)
Electronic Display SystemElectronic Display SystemNavigation and Engine dataNavigation and Engine dataSystems parametersSystems parametersCaution, warning and advisory Caution, warning and advisory annunciationannunciationWindowsWindows--style Operating Systemstyle Operating SystemVoice Command SystemVoice Command SystemCentral Central MaitenanceMaitenance ComputerComputer
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
4 .07
6 .5 8
0 .0 0
1 .0 0
2 .0 0
3 .0 0
4 .0 0
5 .0 0
6 .0 0
7 .0 0
Prod
uctiv
ity In
dex
Pre s e nt He licopte rs
AB139
PRODUCTIVITY INDEXof Me dium Twin Engine He licopte rsHOGE AEO Comparis on
0 .8 2
1.19
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1
1 .2
1 .4
Pre s e nt He licopte rs
AB1 39
HO
GE
inde
x
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- AB139AB139
Maintenaice Man-Hours per flight hours (MMH/FH)
Present H/C
AB139
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.5 1 1.5
Scheduled Maintenance (MMH/FH)
Uns
ched
uled
Mai
nten
ance
(MM
H/F
H)
MTBFMTTR
FHMMH
FHMMH
SCHED
+
=
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
SUMMARY
The BA609The BA609
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
CapacitiesCrew 1-2Passengers seats 6-9Baggage comp. Volume 1.42 m3
PropulsionTwo P&W PT6C-67A (1940 Shp each)
Weights & dimensionsMax take off weight 7250 kgEmpty weight 4760 kgUseful load 2500 kgRotor Diameter 7.9 m
PerformanceMax Cruise Speed 275 ktsMax Range 750 nmCruise Altitude 7620 m
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
Offshore Resources Development
Aeroambulance
VIP / CorporateSearch and Rescue
Training
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
• 0 • 50 • 100 • 150 • 200 • 250 • 300 • 350• 0
• 10,000
• 20,000
• 30,000
• 40,000
• Cruise Speed (Knots)
•Al
titud
e (F
t)
• Helicopter
• Business• Turboprop
• BA609
VcruiseVcruise
275 275 KtsKts
High High cruise cruise
altitudealtitude
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609Airplane Position
PCA converts Nacelle position down to 0 degrees for airplane mode operations
Interconnect Drive Train
Helicopter Position
PCA converts Nacelle position up to 95 degrees for helicopter mode operations
Interconnect Drive Train
•• Satisfy severe safety requirementsSatisfy severe safety requirements
•• Double telescoping Double telescoping ballscrewsballscrews
•• Interconnecting shaftInterconnecting shaft
•• Angular displacement transducerAngular displacement transducer
Nacelle tilting mechanismNacelle tilting mechanism
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
Rotor SystemRotor System•• 3 blades3 blades
•• optimal twist for hover optimal twist for hover and cruiseand cruise
•• gimbal jointgimbal joint
•• different different elastomericelastomericcomponentscomponents
•• deicing systemdeicing system
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
Drive SystemDrive System
•• Interconnecting shaftInterconnecting shaft
•• Drive of both rotors in Drive of both rotors in case of engine failurecase of engine failure
•• No asymmetric flight or No asymmetric flight or controlscontrols
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN AGUSTA: THE FUTURE HAS BEGUN -- BA609BA609
Flight Control SystemFlight Control System• Core of the BA609• Fly-by-wire
minimise pilot workloadsatisfy handling qualities req.
• Conversion from H/M to A/M and reverse• Conventional helicopter cockpit controls• Triplex flight control computers
• Control laws fully tested through Pilot-in-the-loop flight simulation techniques.
• Thousands of virtual maneuvers
• 3 dedicated simulators with pilots and harware in the loop
• optimised handling qualities of the aircraft • tested all possible failures and emergency
procedures.
2424thth IcasIcas CongressCongress, Yokohama, , Yokohama, JapanJapan.. AugustAugust 2929thth –– September September 33rdrd, 2004, 2004
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
In the airspace future, the vertical flight will have a greater importance than today
The goals of the rotorcraft industry are to integrate the technology into business
AGUSTA, with the two last products, the AB139 and the BA609, has begun the future
Finmeccanica, the AGUSTA shareholder, has decided to strengthen the helicopter sector as one of its main core business
Finmeccanica announced the agreement with GKN for the acquisition of the latter's 50% shareholding in AgustaWestland.
Agusta will benefit of greater resources to reinforce its position to stay in the forefront of the vertical flight business of the two guiding avenues of both the conventional helicopter and the revolutionary Tilt-Rotor.