Presentation Presentation on on

Hybrid Rice Technology in India : Hybrid Rice Technology in India :

Promotion of Promotion of Seed Production & ProspectsSeed Production & Prospects

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Staple food for two

thirds of Indians,

holds key for food

security (43%)

Occupies 44 m.ha

(22% of cropped area)

Annual production :

99.0 m.t.

Contributes 25% to

Agril. GDP

Earns a foreign

exchange of Rs. 7000

crore

Rice is ‘LIFE’ to Indians

India Vision 2020

• Vision envisages the target for

2020 as163 Mio Mt ( Milled Rice )

•At the existing growth rate of

1.34% pa, India can achieve rice

production of 106 Mio Mt by 2020

Additional yield of hybrid rice at 1.5

Mt/ ha can help to bridge the gap

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Rice production at current growth rate

Rice production at the rate projected for vision 2020

Buffer Stock

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10

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1990

1995

2000

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2004

2005

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2007

2008

M.

ton

nes

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• Rapidly increasing population

• Plateuing yield trend of HYV’s

• Requirement of 122.1 m.t. rice by

2020

• At existing growth rate (1.34%

pa), we can achieve only 106 m.t.

1. Declining resources (Land,

water)

2. Unavailability of Labor

* At additional yield of hybrid rice at 1.5 t/ha can bridge the gap.

Hybrid have higher yield potential/day/ha (Fig.)

It is easier to deploy resistance genes

It offers greater job opportunities for rural poor (60-80 persons /ha)

Hybrids give better tolerance to abiotic stresses specially to drought at early veg. Stage, submergence and cold.

Greater profitability of hybrid seed production (Rs.35,000-50,000 net return/ha)

HYBRID TECHNOLOGY IS MORE SUSTAINABLE

a) Magnitude of heterosis: One line > two line > three line

(based on male sterility system)

b) Efficiency of seed production: One line > two line > three line

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Area of Hybrid Rice in India Area of Hybrid Rice in India

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Number of Hybrids Released = 43irrigated Rainfed - uplands

low lands Stress

No. of central releases = 20

No. of state releases = 23

No. of hybrids released by Public sector = 28

No. of hybrids released by Private sector = 15

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Abiotic Stress Promising Hybrids

Rainfed upland DRRH-2, Pant Sanker Dhan-3, Pant Sanker Dhan-1, KJTRH-4

Salinity DRRH 28, Pant Sanker Dhan-3, KRH-2, JRH-8, PHB-71

Alkalinity Suruchi, PHB-71, JKRH-2000, CRHR-5, DRRH-2, DRRH-44,

Boro RajLaxmi, CRHR-4, CRHR-32

Grain Quality

a.Medium slender Grain

b.Long slender Grain

27P11, DRRH 44,

Pusa Rice Hybrid 10

Cultivar type Irrigated Drought+

0 N

Delayed planting (60 days)

Water stagnation (40-60 cm)

Hybrids 5.0 2.2 2.7 1.0

Inbreds 3.4 1.6 1.5 0.5

Hybrid Advantage(%) 47 34 80 92

Source: G. Atlin, IRRI

Yield (t/ha-1) of 115 elite irrigated lowland lines and 10hybrids under lowland drought + 0 N, delayed

transplanting, and water stagnation: IRRI, wet season 2005

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PSD - PANT SHANKER DHAN

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Hybrid Grain yield Grain quality traits

t/ha Adv (%)

HRR (%)

AC (%)

DRRH-44 6.1 33 67 23.8

27P11 5.8 26 70 22.9

BPT 5204(Check)

4.6 - 68 23.4

Indira Sona

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13

15kg/ha 5kg/ha

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• Identification and introgression of

gens for fertility restoration, biotic

stress resistance and yield QTLs.

• Assessment of purity of seeds of

hybrids and parental lines

• Deployment of wc genes for developing

intersubspecific indica / tropical

japonica hybrids.

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A WA-CMS specific PCR based marker to distinguish between CMS (A-line) and

maintainer lines (B-line)

 

Testing genetic purity of hybrid seed lots with molecular markers

Grow out test is the standard method to know the genetic purity of hybrid seed lots before its sale. It takes one season after harvest and thus holds up the seed lot/ capital.

Molecular markers have been developed to hasten the testing process. DNA isolated from individual seedlings (400 plants) are analysed with individual markers. The presence of two bands shows the hybrid nature of seedlings (Figure)

 

Anther and Ovary culture to purify parental lines and hasten breeding process

In vitro-culture techniques used to produce double haploid

plants- complete by homozygous uniform-purify parental

lines.

Ovary culture is only option for male sterile lines( CMS

lines) and its protocol is developed( Rongbai and

Pandey,1998).

Technique was used to obtain improved TGMS UPRI

95-167 from F1 plants in single year as compared

to 6-7 generations needed generally.

Line is registered with NBPGR,N. Delhi for the trait.

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Future prospects

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Hybrid Rice : New opportunities

1.High price of rice.

2.Expansion of boro rice area due to

shallow tubewll development

3.Continued technological progress

4.Expanded possibilities for public-private

partnerships

5.Rising demand for rice from Africa

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Hybrid rice suitability in Asia Low to medium High High India (Bihar, Bangladesh Chhattisgarh, Orissa) China Indonesia Philippines Vietnam

Population density

Low Medium to high Low Cambodia Malaysia Laos India (Andhra

Pradesh Myanmar Tamilnadu ) Thailand Low High

Rice irrigated area (%)

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A. Enhance yield heterosis level

1. Exploiting sub-species heterosis : Indica /NPT1. Exploiting sub-species heterosis : Indica /NPT

In indica growing regions: Exploit Indica/ NPT hybrids with use of WC & TGMS traits, 20-30 % yield advantage over best three lines hybrid

Apply biotechnology for parent selection (heterosis groups/ gene pools)

In indica growing regions: Exploit Indica/ NPT hybrids with use of WC & TGMS traits, 20-30 % yield advantage over best three lines hybrid

Apply biotechnology for parent selection (heterosis groups/ gene pools)

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• Eui gene for panicle exsertion

• Biotic stress resistance BLB, Blast,

BPH etc.

• Stigma exsertion

• Exploit gene for wide compatibility

and TGMS traits.

• Introgress yields QTL’s for high

yeilds.

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Introgress trait with high grain number per

panicle. (270)

Exploit yield QTL’s – from wild species,

O.rufipogon, yld 1 & 2 , single QTL’s has increased

yield by 18%

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B. Improve yields of hybrid rice seed production

Yield (kg/ha)

Country Mean RangeIndia 1,600 1,000 – 4,500

Vietnam 2,000 1,500 – 3,500

Philippines 810 (04DS) 600 – 2,000

Bangladesh 800 600 – 2,000

Indonesia 500 300 – 1,600

China 2,750 1,500 – 6,000

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Hybrid Rice Seed

Production Issues &

Strategies

Higher hybrid seed cost - Lower hybrid seed yield

Synchronization problem

Ideal location / season not identified

Higher production input cost

Parental line susceptibility to biotic stress.

Genetic Purity of Hybrid seed

bred hybrids by State/Central Government departments.

Inadequate training and technology transferProblem of non-availability of N/s and B/s of parental lines on sustainable basis.

Purity of foundation seed stock of parental lines

Lack of rolling plan for five years for multiplication of public

Poor integration of research, seed production and technology transfer- poor technical dissemination.

Inadequate sensitization of administrators / policy makers

Issues with Public Bred Hybrid Seed Production

Issues with Public Bred Hybrid Seed Production

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Proposed plan for hybrid rice seed production of India for next five years

1. Total area under rice (wet and dry seasons) – 44 m.ha.

2. Present area under hybrid rice ( 2009 ) – 3.0% ( 1.32

m.ha.)

3. Additional rice production due to hybrid area – 2.0 - 2.5

m.mt.

4. Now with 20 % national target for five years – 8.8 m.ha.

5. To achieve this gigantic task we require following

I. Hybrid seed ( C/S ) required – 1,32,000 tons (@

15kgs/ha.)

II. Area requirement for its production - 1.05 m.ha. (@

1.25 tonn/ha)

III.It would produce significantly towards the

food security of the country in five years

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Parent Seed Requirement Area

Female parent 1575 tons @ 15 kg/ha 787.5 ha @2 t/ha

Male parent 528 tons @ 05 kg/ha 141.8 ha @3.7 t/ha

Certified seed production

Parent Seed Requirement Area

Female parentA-Line

1182 kg @ 15 kg/ha 5.95 ha @2 t/ha

Male parentB-Line

3937.5 kg @ 05 kg/ha 1.07 ha @3.7 t/ha

Male parentR-Line

2127 kg @ 15 kg/ha 1.06 ha @3.7 t/ha

Breeder seed foundation

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Hybrid Developed by MOU with no.of companies

DRRH-2 DRR, Hyderabad 04

Pusa RH-10 IARI, New Delhi 10

Pant Shanker Dhan-1 & 3 GBPUAT, Pantnagar 01

CORH-3 TNAU, Coimbatore 01

Ajay & Rajalakshmi CRRI, Cuttack 03

KRH-2 UAS, Mandya 01

Sahyadri-1 BSKKV, Karjat 01

JRH-4, JRH-5 JNKV, Jabalpur 01

Exploit Public-Private PartnershipMOUs with Private Seed CompaniesExploit Public-Private PartnershipMOUs with Private Seed Companies

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In Asia In United Sates

Better management can improve yields of hybrid seed production

Better management can improve yields of hybrid seed production

In the nursery and field ensured higher number of panicles/hill and hybrid seed yield of A / R / production of

PSD-3 (Pooled mean)

In the nursery and field ensured higher number of panicles/hill and hybrid seed yield of A / R / production of

PSD-3 (Pooled mean)

No.

of p

anic

les

m-2

Seed

yie

ld m

-2

V10 V11 V8 V2 V1

Nursery Seed rate (g/m2) 15 25 15 25 50

Kg N/ha with splits 150 150 150 150 100 basal

Fields Kg N/ha (Splits) 210(4) 180(4) 180(4) 150(4) 120(3)

F1 seed yield tons/ha 4.34 4.18 4.08 3.73 1.64

Restorer yield(t/ha)

7.82 7.24 7.65 7.30 5.92

Management Treatments

Pandey et-al (2008)

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SN Centre TGMS Line Special Features1. Coimbatore CBTS-0248

CBTS-0252

Mid-Early durationGood stigma exsertion

Medium, good stigma exsertion

2 Hydrabad DRR-SS

DRR-135

Medium duration, Mid-Early duration, good quality

Medium duration, Good grain quality, good stigma exsertion

3. Maruteru MTUS-22

MTUS-27

Long duration, good quality

Medium duration, good stigma exsertion

4. Pantnagar UPRI-97-58

UPRI-97-59

* UPRI 95-140

* UPRI 95-167

Early duration, good stigma exsertion

Early duration, good quality

Early, good plant type, possess WC gene

Early duration, good plant type, LS grain, possess WC gene

Apomictic rice : It would lead to large scale adoption of hybrid rice and real social revolution.

TGMS lines developed in India

- Yield gain was 12.7 to 30.4% higher than Jaya

Progress in development of Two-line hybrids

- China

- 1991 - 20,000 ha

- 2002 - 2.6 m ha (18% of area under

hybrid rice)

- 5-10% higher yield advantage (Yuan, 2004)

- India

- In AICRIP trials, hybrid UPRTGH 332 yielded

14.6%

higher over best three line hybrid, Pant

Sankar Dhan 1

(30 loc mean)

- 18.8% higher than best inbred check

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Out of 44 M Hect. Area of Rice in India, 9 states occupy 83.2% of total acreage (37.44 M.Hect.) and remaining states do not have sizeable acreage.

State Area in M. Hectares

West Bengal 6.15

Utter Pradesh 5.93

Madhya Pradesh / Chhattisgarh

5.35

Bihar / Jharkhand 5.30

Andhra Pradesh 4.13

Punjab / Haryana 2.60

Tamil Nadu 2.16

Karnataka 1.44

TOTAL 37.66 M.Hect

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1.Tap the potential of North Indian states. Yield level of local varieties – 2.5 tons/ha. Hybrid average yields – 6.25 – 7.5 tons/ha Every year, area under local varieties is getting

converted into hybrid rice area.

2.Concentrate West Bengal adjoining to Bangladesh. It has an area of 6.15 M.ha. ( the highest in country ) but unfortunately hybrids have not made any dent yet.

3.Target Southern states of India (viz Orissa, A.P., Karnataka & Tamil Nadu) : Area of 12.33 M. ha..

Coverage of area under hybrid is negligible. Long duration hybrids with higher yield & non-

aromatic type will be desired. Identified new hybrid 27P11 in ACRIP workshop at Anand in April,2010 for states of A.P. & Tamilnadu.

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•Most seed growers demand advances against growing, which range

from Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 50,000 per hectare (555 $ to 1111 $)

•There is urgent need to minimize time for processing, packing, and

testing after harvest and its dispatches to long destinations across

the country. Dormancy also is a big hurdle in making seed

availability in time. Financial support is therefore, very crucial for

processing plants.

•A very exorbitant cost of GA-3 (Rs. 13250 per Kg) (295 $) in hybrid

seed production is another bottle neck to growers. Government

should come to the rescue of seed industry by making it available at

cheaper price.

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Many companies would like to have buffer

stocking as planned carry over in the

previous seasons, so that early markets

can be fed with such seeds, otherwise fresh

production can never be made available in

time. This require lot of funds for creating

such facilities.

Hybrid rice has great prospects for promotion in

years ahead. It has been expanding @ 20% pa for the

last three years. Present market size is 18,500 m.t. In next five years ( 2014-15, ) 3 million ha. area

could be covered It would need 46,000 tons hybrid seed @ 15 kg/ha

seed rate500 crore value of F1 seed

Tremendous challenge to rice

researchers/planners /farmers and seed growers

Advances in conventional breeding and

biotechnology are to be merged to get super hybrids

and super seed production yield technology.

Hybrid rice has great prospects for promotion in

years ahead. It has been expanding @ 20% pa for the

last three years. Present market size is 18,500 m.t. In next five years ( 2014-15, ) 3 million ha. area

could be covered It would need 46,000 tons hybrid seed @ 15 kg/ha

seed rate500 crore value of F1 seed

Tremendous challenge to rice

researchers/planners /farmers and seed growers

Advances in conventional breeding and

biotechnology are to be merged to get super hybrids

and super seed production yield technology.

Thank you

Presented by

Prof. M.P. Pandey,

Vice Chancellor

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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur INDIA