Evolution Evolution

Luis Arenas Herrera Luis Arenas Herrera

IntroductionIntroduction

We are going to talk about!!We are going to talk about!!What is evolution?What is evolution?Alfred Russell WallaceAlfred Russell WallaceCharles DarwinCharles DarwinJean Baptiste LeMarckJean Baptiste LeMarckNatural SelectionNatural SelectionEvidence of EvolutionEvidence of EvolutionPrimate EvolutionPrimate Evolution

What is evolution?What is evolution?

Evolution is when you change heritable Evolution is when you change heritable characteristics, or traits overtime.characteristics, or traits overtime.

History of evolution History of evolution

People thought that species where not from People thought that species where not from linked in a single family treelinked in a single family tree

People thought that god created everything.People thought that god created everything.

Has your environment changes the species Has your environment changes the species change so they can survive. change so they can survive.

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

Charles Darwin was a naturalist Charles Darwin was a naturalist

He took a trip on the HMS Beagle to the He took a trip on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos islands Galapagos islands

Mainly studied finches and turtles iguanas Mainly studied finches and turtles iguanas during his time in the Galapagos islands during his time in the Galapagos islands

By studying these creatures he came up By studying these creatures he came up with the idea of natural selectionwith the idea of natural selection

He wrote a book He wrote a book The Origin of SpeciesThe Origin of Species

His Examples His Examples

Darwin identified 13 species of finches Darwin identified 13 species of finches

He noticed that each of the finches were He noticed that each of the finches were different different

They were all different from the size and shape They were all different from the size and shape of the beakof the beak

Then he noticed that the diet was different Then he noticed that the diet was different based on the beak based on the beak

ExamplesExamplesExample: big beaks were good for cracking Example: big beaks were good for cracking nutsnutsLong and slender beaks can be used to eat out Long and slender beaks can be used to eat out of flowersof flowersShort and wide beaks are for eating insectsShort and wide beaks are for eating insectsShort and stubby beaks are great for seeds Short and stubby beaks are great for seeds

Examples Examples

He found that each of the finches beaks were He found that each of the finches beaks were different because of the changing environment different because of the changing environment

Natural selection was revealed Natural selection was revealed

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

The Origin of SpeciesThe Origin of Species

He studyHe study Finches, turtles and iguanas at the Finches, turtles and iguanas at the

Galapagos islandsGalapagos islands

He came up with natural selectionnatural selection

Charles Darwin is the Charles Darwin is the father of evolution father of evolution

He took a trip He took a trip on the HMS.on the HMS.

Alfred Wallace ConvincedAlfred Wallace Convinced Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

to bring out his book called to bring out his book called ““The Origin of Species”.The Origin of Species”.

Jean Baptiste LaMarck Jean Baptiste LaMarck He was born on August 1, 1744 in Bazentin-le-Petit He was born on August 1, 1744 in Bazentin-le-Petit

He was a French soldier, naturalist, academic and an He was a French soldier, naturalist, academic and an early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws. and proceeded in accordance with natural laws.

He died on December, 18, 1829.He died on December, 18, 1829.

His theory was wrong.His theory was wrong.

His theory was wrong didn’t take into account genes His theory was wrong didn’t take into account genes which pass along the genetic instructions Charles which pass along the genetic instructions Charles Darwin Alfred R Wallace natural selection. Darwin Alfred R Wallace natural selection.

Alfred WallaceAlfred WallaceAlfred Russell Wallace was born on Alfred Russell Wallace was born on January, 8, 1823 in Monmouthshire, January, 8, 1823 in Monmouthshire, Wales. Wales.

He was a was a British naturalist, He was a was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. He is know for making a biologist. He is know for making a theory of Natural selection. theory of Natural selection.

He also convinced Charles Darwin to He also convinced Charles Darwin to bring out his book called “The Origin of bring out his book called “The Origin of Species”.Species”.

Natural SelectionNatural Selection

Natural selectionNatural selectionNatural selection: when an animal adapts to his Natural selection: when an animal adapts to his environment depending on what part of the world environment depending on what part of the world where they exist and to reproduce and pass on where they exist and to reproduce and pass on genes.genes.

Natural selection relates to evolution because on Natural selection relates to evolution because on evolution the animals change so they could evolution the animals change so they could survive just like on natural selection. survive just like on natural selection.

MutationMutation

Mutation is when the DNA is damage. Mutation is when the DNA is damage.

Mutation- a mutation can be that one animal is Mutation- a mutation can be that one animal is bigger then the rest of it species.bigger then the rest of it species.

Mutation is related to genetic diversity because Mutation is related to genetic diversity because a mutation can be passed down as a trait or a mutation can be passed down as a trait or gene of the parent. gene of the parent.

VariationVariation

Variations is in all of the population of living Variations is in all of the population of living things. For example fish are the same spice but things. For example fish are the same spice but they look different on sizes and colors.they look different on sizes and colors.

One spice can survive because of the color and One spice can survive because of the color and pass on the genes and the other one could go pass on the genes and the other one could go extinct. That’s how population could improve extinct. That’s how population could improve if there are changes in the environment. if there are changes in the environment.

VariationVariation

Is when there’s more then one kind of species Is when there’s more then one kind of species in a population, That is different then the rest.in a population, That is different then the rest.

Ex: moth that looks like a leaf so I could Ex: moth that looks like a leaf so I could survive and can pass on the genes.survive and can pass on the genes.

Natural selection is competition for food space mates Natural selection is competition for food space mates etc. struggle to survive because they are batter etc. struggle to survive because they are batter equipped they pass on their genes and their traits. equipped they pass on their genes and their traits.

How do species change or vary from each other How do species change or vary from each other caused by DNA in 2 wayscaused by DNA in 2 ways

Mutations random Mutations random

Sexual variation Sexual variation

2 organisms having sex to create a new organism. 2 organisms having sex to create a new organism.

PopulationPopulation

Population- the changes in the population are Population- the changes in the population are dependent on the species attraction to one dependent on the species attraction to one another. another.

Population can change because of genetic Population can change because of genetic diversity. It can change because an animal can diversity. It can change because an animal can mate with a different animal and create a new mate with a different animal and create a new species. species.

AdaptationAdaptation

adaptation- change in the anatomy that helps adaptation- change in the anatomy that helps an organism survive better. one of the biggest an organism survive better. one of the biggest problems with the fossil record in that is that problems with the fossil record in that is that its incomplete. Mammals show up in the fossil its incomplete. Mammals show up in the fossil record after the dinosaurs go extinct. record after the dinosaurs go extinct.

Evidence of EvolutionEvidence of Evolution

FossilFossil

Fossil: Are a trace of an Fossil: Are a trace of an organism from a past organism from a past age that are skeleton or age that are skeleton or leaf imprint set in and leaf imprint set in and conserved in the earth conserved in the earth crust. crust.

Fossil help scientist see Fossil help scientist see the skeleton of a spice the skeleton of a spice to tell if the spice has to tell if the spice has change by a period of change by a period of time. time.

EmbryologyEmbryology

Embryology: is the Embryology: is the study of the creation of study of the creation of life. life.

Helps the scientist to Helps the scientist to learn how spices are learn how spices are made and how they are made and how they are crated in terms of crated in terms of evolution. evolution.

Geographic evidenceGeographic evidence

Geographic evidence: Geographic evidence: Evidence of fossils and Evidence of fossils and other different extinct other different extinct animals or living forms.animals or living forms.

That helps the scientist to That helps the scientist to see how the animals were a see how the animals were a long time ago. long time ago.

Vestigial structuresVestigial structures

Vestigial structures: Is an Vestigial structures: Is an extra organ or a limb that is extra organ or a limb that is no longer use but in a time no longer use but in a time it was used by our it was used by our ancestors. ancestors.

The whale has an extra The whale has an extra bone that is no longer use bone that is no longer use but is was used by the but is was used by the ancestors. ancestors.

DNA EvidenceDNA Evidence

DNA is related to other species because of DNA is related to other species because of their ancestors that were in a long time ago. their ancestors that were in a long time ago.

An example of this is humans and the An example of this is humans and the chimpanzees have 98% of the same DNA. chimpanzees have 98% of the same DNA.

Homologous structuresHomologous structures

Homologous Homologous structures: are body structures: are body parts in many parts in many different organisms different organisms that have similar that have similar bones and similar bones and similar muscles.muscles.

This helps the This helps the scientist to know that scientist to know that we have something in we have something in common with other common with other creatures. creatures.

Mimicry Mimicry

Is when an animal Is when an animal looks like another looks like another animal like for animal like for example a moth example a moth that looks like a that looks like a leaf so I could leaf so I could survive and can survive and can pass on the genes. pass on the genes.

Evidence of EvolutionEvidence of Evolution

Fossils are a evidence because they let us compare

and contrast the species from the

past and form the species

that exist now.

Vestigial structuresVestigial structures tell us how animas tell us how animas

have change and that have change and that they have extra organs they have extra organs

that don’t use them that don’t use them any more. any more.

Homologous structuresHomologous structures tell that all of us came tell that all of us came from a same creature. from a same creature.

Geographic evidenceGeographic evidence

EmbryologyEmbryologyDNA EvidenceDNA Evidence

MimicryMimicry

Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution

What makes a PrimateWhat makes a Primate

extremely mobile fingers and toes.extremely mobile fingers and toes.Hands and feet that are adapted for grasping Hands and feet that are adapted for grasping Eyes on front of the face with a very good vision that is Eyes on front of the face with a very good vision that is good to see good things form a distance. good to see good things form a distance. Their face look more like the face of a human beanTheir face look more like the face of a human beanA bigger and more complex brain relative to body size. A bigger and more complex brain relative to body size. Their thumbs and toes can be moved to touch the other Their thumbs and toes can be moved to touch the other digits and are known as opposable digits.digits and are known as opposable digits.

living primates and where are they living primates and where are they distributeddistributed

Most primates live in the tropical forest.Most primates live in the tropical forest.

The smallest primates is the pygmy marmoset and it The smallest primates is the pygmy marmoset and it weights around 70g.weights around 70g.

The largest primate is the gorilla and he weights The largest primate is the gorilla and he weights about 175kg about 175kg

There are about 233 living species of primates which There are about 233 living species of primates which are placed in 13 families on different places. are placed in 13 families on different places.

History of primate evolutionHistory of primate evolution

According to Drawing research primates mostly According to Drawing research primates mostly apes look a lot like us. apes look a lot like us. Primates evolved over time into us.Primates evolved over time into us.Different primate look like a human fossils like Different primate look like a human fossils like hominids Lucy a fossil found 5.2 mya and that can hominids Lucy a fossil found 5.2 mya and that can come back up the theory of primate evolution. come back up the theory of primate evolution. In 1859 Darwin published The Origin of the In 1859 Darwin published The Origin of the Species which become the source of the present Species which become the source of the present day of theory of evolution.day of theory of evolution.

Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens

The word wise in the context of human The word wise in the context of human evolution, refers to the word “sapiens” evolution, refers to the word “sapiens”

The word homo means human in Latin. The word homo means human in Latin.

The word human in the background of human The word human in the background of human evolution, refers to the word evolution, refers to the word homohomo. .

This was chosen by a man named Carolus This was chosen by a man named Carolus Linnaeus.Linnaeus.

Evolution In The Class Rooms Evolution In The Class Rooms

1925- Tennessee biology teacher put on trial 1925- Tennessee biology teacher put on trial for teaching about evolution. for teaching about evolution.

99% of the scientists in the fields of biology 99% of the scientists in the fields of biology and the world sciences, allow the theory of and the world sciences, allow the theory of evolution. evolution.

In the U.S. public schools fight between In the U.S. public schools fight between evolution and creation of science. evolution and creation of science.

Genus HOMOGenus HOMOGenus HOMO: Is a Genus HOMO: Is a group that includes group that includes humans and other humans and other closely related spices.closely related spices.

Chims and gorillas where figthing for a part of the HOMO genus but after seeing so many differences they were not.

Primate EvolutionPrimate Evolution

PrimatesPrimates

Prosimians Anthropoids

Lemurs Lorises Galagos Pottos TarsiersOld World Monkeys

New WorldMonkeys

Apes

RingTailed

Lemur

Slender Loris

LesserBush baby

Potto Tarsier

Aye-aye Slow LorisBrown

Bush baby

Sifaka Pygmy

Slow Loris

Gibbon

Macaque

Colobus Monkey

SpiderMonkey

MarmosetLesserApes

Greater Apes

Chimpanzee

Siamang TamarinBaboon

Gorilla

Human

Orangutan

Work sitedWork sited

http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=darwins+finches&mkt=en-q=darwins+finches&mkt=en-us&scope=&FORM=LIVSOP#focal=d3703950d1297a6734aaus&scope=&FORM=LIVSOP#focal=d3703950d1297a6734aaf0fbe22e4311&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.ukf0fbe22e4311&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Fimg%2Fbifinches.jpg%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Fimg%2Fbifinches.jpg((http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/origins/hominid_journey/earlyasian/Larick2.gif) origins/hominid_journey/earlyasian/Larick2.gif) http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=darwinhttp://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=darwin%20finches&FORM=BIRE#focal=aec68bcfa86b32e6c31f84c%20finches&FORM=BIRE#focal=aec68bcfa86b32e6c31f84cdff3e13c1&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d113.lake.k12.il.usdff3e13c1&furl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d113.lake.k12.il.us%2Fhphs%2Fcurriculum%2Fsenese%2Fdocs%2Fimages%2Fhphs%2Fcurriculum%2Fsenese%2Fdocs%2Fimages%2Fmk_darwin_finches.jpg%2Fmk_darwin_finches.jpgWWW.google.com WWW.google.com en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org

The EndThe End