Presentation @ WEDC_Ghana_Paper ID 2403_Saief Manzoor_Al-Muyeed_Islam Mamun

Experience Sharingof

A novel wastewater treatment ecotechnology

to improve environmental sanitation in urban slums.

39th WEDC International Conference | KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana

www.wateraid.org/bangladesh

Present Scenario of Water Supply and sewerage system in Khulna, Bangladesh

KCPA Map

69.50 sq.km

45.65 sq.km

KCC Map


» Population 1.2 million

» Holding : 60,000~60,500

» Family : 1,95,000

» Population Density : 18,000-1,00,0000/km2

» Average family size: 5 to 6

» No. of Slums: 1100

» Population in Slums: 0.18 millions

» Average Annual Rainfall: 1700mm

» Elevation: 2.15m above MSL

Population, Households & Others in KCC


Faecal Sludge Disposal Pattern

Mud

hole

41%

Open drain45%

Carried by

van6%

Car-ried by

sweeper3%

Surface water discharge

5%

No Sanitary Sewer in KCC

Question remains:

What is the

technological

solution?


DWTS : An Ecotechnology

5

DWTS stands for “Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems”.

Advantages:► Providing treatment for domestic and industrial wastewater.

► Low primary investment costs.

► Treatment of wastewater flows up to 1000m3 /day.► Tolerant towards inflow fluctuations.

► Reliable and long-lasting construction design.► Low maintenance cost.


Components of DWTS (Primary Treatment)

Gas

Septic tank Anaerobic Baffled Reactors Anaerobic filters

Inlet

Sludge


Components of DWTS (Secondary and Tertiary Treatment)

O2O2 O2 O2O2 O2

Constructed wetland

Polishing Pond/surface flow constructed wetland

Inlet Outlet


Study Area: Peoples Panchtola ColonyTotal Population = 285

Influent rate = 30,000 L/d

Construction cost = 1 USD/L

Maintenance cost = 200 USD/year

Major challenge: Constricted area

Need an Engineering technology


Pre treatment

Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment Reuse

Endure Environmental Sanitation/2nd generation

02 unit 08 unit 01 unit 01 unit

3.35

x2.1

x1.6

7m

3 1x2.

6x1.

67m

3

12.9x4.27x1.75m3

12.9x4.27x1.75m3

1x2.

6x1.

67m

3

04 unit

Cupola Slag25-40 mm and 75-100mm

Canna Indica Phragmytes Australis

Engineering DWTS


Combined Flow Constructed Wetland

• Forces to flow between porous media

Combine flow = Horizontal flow + Vertical flow

Constructed wetlands is a treatment systems that use natural processes to stabilize, sequester, accumulate, degrade, metabolize, and/or mineralize contaminants. • Both horizontal and vertical

direction.• Maximum utilisation of area

• Surface of porous media assists to reduce pollutants


Combined Flow Constructed Wetland

Combine flow = Horizontal flow + Vertical flow

Trea

tmen

t M

echa

nism

Physical

Biological

Chemical

physical filtrationSedimentation

biological uptaketransformation of nutrients by bacteria (both aerobic and anaerobic)plant roots and metabolism

precipitationabsorptiondecomposition


Effluent Result (DWTS)

DWTS Effluent ResultStd

InfluentRemoval Effc. %

BOD5

(mg/

l)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4004050

38089.4736842105263



FC (N

/100

ml)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000500

10004600

89.1304347826087



COD

(mg/

l)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000180200

480096.25



TSS

(mg/

l)

40150

1830

97.814207650273

2



Nitra

te (m

g/l)

0 50 100 150 200 250 30057

25087

34.4827586206897


InfluentEffc. %

DO (m

g/l)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1402.2

6.250.96

129.166666666667



TDS

(mg/

l)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500770

21001900

59.4736842105263



Phos

phat

e (m

g/l)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 16026

35148

82.4324324324324


Parameter

Unit Bangladesh

Standard

Influent

Concentratio

n

Settler and Baffled Reactor

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Combined Flow

Constructed Wetland

Surface Flow Wetland

Overall treatment

efficiency of the system

Effluent

Concentratio

n

Removal %

Effluent

Concentratio

n

Removal %

Effluent

Concentratio

n

Removal %

Effluent

Concentratio

n

Removal %

Removal %

pH 6~9 6.85 7.02 6.99 7.16 7.16BOD5 mg

L-150 381 141 63 69 51 48 30 40 16.6

790

COD mg L-1

200 4800 3072 36 2180 29 1032 53 180 82.56

96

TSS mg L-1

150 1830 600 67 110 82 60 45 40 33.33

98

TDS mg L-1

2100 1900 1860 2 1228 34 1130 8 770 31.86

59

FC N/100ml

1000 4600 3400 26 1600 53 1100 31 500 54.55

89

DO mg L-1

6.25 0.96 1.15 -20 0.9 22 1.32 -47 2.2 -66.6

7

-130

PO4 mg L-1

35 148 131 12 123 6 73 41 26 64.38

82

NO3 mg L-1

250 87 69 21 67 3 63 6 57 9.52 34

Pollutants removal efficiency of DWTS


»No sewerage systems or disposal place.

Pre intervention condition

»Wastewater even sewage and wastes were dumped beside and near about the premises of their residence.


»Blockage of drainage systems and overflow of wastewater during rainy seasons.

Pre intervention condition

»Resulting surface water bodies and groundwater pollution; foul odor were emitted which pollute the environment.


Improved Environment


Household survey results

Good Moderate Bad Good Moderate BadPre Intervene Situation Post Intervene Situation

0.00 %

10.00 %

20.00 %

30.00 %

40.00 %

50.00 %

60.00 %

70.00 %

80.00 %

90.00 %

100.00 %


» DWTS seems to the appropriate choice for wastewater treatment, where sewerage network is limited/absent.

Conclusions

» An appropriate solution of Faecal Liquid Waste Treatment/On-site sanitation.

Thank you

For further info please contact : WaterAid BangladeshHouse 97/B, Road 25, Block-A, Banani, Dhaka-1213+88 02 881 5757

Presented By,Saief Manzoor-Al-Islam

Programme Officer- Engineer

Co-Authors:

Abdullah Al-MuyeedTechnical Advisor- WASH

Zahidul Islam MamunProgramme Manager- Urban WASH

Presentation @ WEDC_Ghana_Paper ID 2403_Saief Manzoor_Al-Muyeed_Islam Mamun

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