From Guzmán Blanco to Ignacio Andrade

Danielle Farray,

Chelsie Rinaldi,

&

Jesenia Duque

Guzmancismo (1870- 1888):0 Guzmán’s arrival to the presidency brought modernization to Venezuela,

specially in Caracas. 0 He established a decree that shortened distant cultural aspects between

social classes.0 There was peace, but no elimination of weapons.0 The government had enough authority to control uprisings in the east and

west regions of the country.0 During his presidency: catholic church had a lot of disputes with him, no

more diplomatic ties with England, and a lot of armed rebellions.0 Tried his best to remain in power.0 He was in power for two periods: a 7 year term and a 5 year term.0 Just as Páez, he was the master mind of other people’s terms.0 Constitution was reformed twice to satisfy their hunger for power.0 Guzmancismo ended when the Andeans, led by Cipriano Castro, took over

Caracas on October 22nd of 1899.

1870-1886:0He was elected president by the congress in July of 1870 and

then again in 1873 for a 4 year term. 0After his 7 year term Guzmán Blanco supported Linares

Alcántara in his 2 year term (1877 - 1879).0When Linares Alcántara died, Jacinto Gutiérrez and Jose

Gregorio Valera were placed in presidency. 0When Guzmán Blanco was in Europe, general Jose Gregorio

Cedeño started the restoring revolution.0Guzmán Blanco returned to reorganize the country and took

charge of the government with support from the congress.0Guzmancismo was inspired by the ideas of the old liberal

party founded by Antonio Leocadio Guzmán.

0 Three government terms: - Septenio: (1870-1876) - Quinquenio: (1879-1884) - La Aclamación: (1886-1887)

0 He governed in alliance with elite commercial and financial moguls and with the monopolist capital of the European countries and the US.

0 Developed a centralized political view with some aspects of federalism. 0 Attracted the hostility and antagonism from his old allies when he

changed is perspective on politics. 0 Reformed public credit, organized la hacienda, took charge of the

administration, and improved the infrastructure. 0 Made the Catholic church reduce their involvement to just the moral and

religious plane. 0 Made statues and monuments for himself and dubbed states and public

works with his name.

Relevant Issues:

Conflicts with the Catholic Church:0Enacted the civil matrimonies and created the register. 0All baptisms, matrimonies and defunctions had to be recorded

by civil authorities. 0Closed all Catholic cemeteries, and expropriated temples and

closed all seminars.0Many people went against Guzmán Blanco because of his

actions against the catholic religion. 0There was a threat to create a Venezuelan National Church

that was separated and disobedient to Rome. 0The pope Pio IX sent someone to reestablish the peace with

the government, and substitute archbishop Guevara y Lira with Jose Antonio Ponte.

0The new archbishop was accepted by Gumán Blanco.

Public Works:0He constructed:

- Rail ways - National Museum of Caracas- Steam engines - National Pantheon - Roads - La Red de Distribución de Agua- High ways- Canals - Steam lines - Telephones- Telegrams - Cementerio General del Sur- Plaza Bolivar - Capitolio General - Municipal theater

Education, Legislature & Economy:

Education:

027th of June 1870: Decree of Public Primary Instruction was established (obligatory).

0People had to be taught the principals of morals, reading and writing and arithmetic from the federal constitution.

0He created: Normal schools, polytechnic schools, agricultural schools and veterinary schools.

0Guzmán Blanco reorganized UCV and the University of Merida.

0Created rules for private schools.

Legislature:0Civil, commercial, military and penal codes, ‘codigo de

hacienda’, and decrees on civil matrimony and civil registry. 0New constitution in 1874.0Difference from 1864 constitution:

- The right to vote was direct, public, and signed. - Presidential period lasted 2 years and bean on the 20th of Feb.

01881 Constitution Changes:- Number of states changed from 20 to 9.- Federal Council created with Swiss style.- One senator and one deputy for each state, also a deputy for the

federal council. - The Council chose the president of the republic.

Economy:

0Created the ‘Direccion General de Estadisticas’, and he had the first census of the population.

0 Implemented the ‘Bolivar’ as the official monetary unit in Venezuela.

0Reduced 70% of the import taxes. 0Eliminated tollbooths for internal commerce. 0Made foreign investors interested in gold and copper

mining and the construction of railways.

Opposition:

0Confronted by General General Matías Salazar, who was chief of the army.

0General Salazar was imprisoned and sentenced to death.01874: Old allies, General Ignacio Pulido and Leon Colina

had an armed dispute. 0Guzmán Blanco tried to unify the country by

strengthening the state and reducing caudillos. 0This is how Venezuela remained in the eyes of Guzmán

Blanco: “Un cuero seco que se aplasta por un lado y se levanta por otro”

Final Liberal Governments: Rojas Paul, Andueza Palacio,

Joaquín Crespo, Ignacio Andrade.

Rojas Paúl (1888- 1890):0 Reinstated the churches authority and the

creation of a ecclesiastic sciences in schools in Maracaibo and Barquisimeto.

0 Brought French nuns from San Jose de Tarbes.0 Helped establish the country’s congregation of

‘Las Hermanitas de los Pobres’. 0 Remodeled religious buildings. 0 Inaugurated the submarine cable from ‘La

Guaira’ to French-European Antilles. 0 Unveiled the painting of Batalla de Carabobo by:

Martin Tovar y Tovar. 0 Decreed the establishment of the National

Academy of History.0 Built many religious buildings and hospitals.

Andueza Palacio (1890-1892):0 The high coffee prices funded many more constructions. 0 Made a statue of José Félix Ribas. 0 Remodeled the legislative place in Caracas. 0 Created the ministry of mail and telegrams.0 1981: They got the results of the arbitration by the Spanish

crown on the borders between Venezuela and Colombia.0 Results were not favorable, Venezuela lost almost all of the

Guajira and part of the Orinoco territory. 0 Excluded Guzmanicistas from the government. 0 Tried to change presidency term from 2 to 4 years:

- Started revolucion legalista - Forced him out of the presidency - Fleed to Martinica - Left Guillermo Tell Villegas in presidency

Joaquín Crespo (1892-1898):0 Took charge of the executive power in Oct. of 1882, after the

triumph of the legalist revolution. 0 Denied the government depths and decreed the confiscation of

assets and put all Anduecists to trial. 0 Later he forgave Anduecist functionaries. 0 Made ties with commercial bankers, this became the sustenance of

the economy during his rule. 0 Eliminated all ties with Guzmán Blanco. 0 Asked the congress to consider a new constitution.0 Differences of 1893 constitution:

- Government Council Substituted Federal Council- Presidential elections were direct and secret- Residential period was 4 years long - Municipalities were not autonomous

Joaquín Crespo (1892-1898):

01897 Elections:- 2 candidates (Jose Manuel

Hernandez and Ignacio Andrade).

- On voting day the voting tables were operated by people who would put in extra votes for Andrade.

- 406,610 votes for Andrade- 2,203 votes for Hernandez

Ignacio Andrade (1898-1899):0Didn’t have time to construct

anything. 0His rule was stopped by the armed

uprisings of Jose Manuel Hernandez, Ramón Guerra and Cipriano Castro.

0Restored 20 states 0Announced 1st foreign investors law.01899: Castro led a campaign to

Caracas and overthrew the government of Andrade.

0This movement started a new era in Venezuela’s political history.

0 ‘El Ciclo de los Andinos’ (1899-1945)

Guzmán Blanco