Presentation Slides -- Power and Lighting

BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAMANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 Power and Lighting

April 2011 – PNNL-SA-79907


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CompliancePower

Mandatory Mandatory ProvisionsProvisions

(required for most compliance

options)

Building SystemBuilding System Compliance OptionsCompliance Options

Energy Code Energy Code ComplianceCompliance

Prescriptive Prescriptive OptionOption

Energy Cost Energy Cost BudgetBudget

Trade Off OptionTrade Off Option

SimplifiedSimplified

Envelope

HVAC

Lighting

SWH

Power

Other


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Low-Voltage Dry Type Distribution Transformers New Buildings Additions Alterations Mandatory Provisions

Voltage drop Automatic receptacle control

Submittals

Section 8Power


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Comply with the Energy Policy Act of 2005 If not included in scope of EPAct 2005, then no requirements

Exceptions If meet EPAct 2005 exclusions based on NEPA TP-1:

Special purpose applications Not likely in general purpose applications Have multiple voltage taps where highest tap is ≥ 20% more than

lowest tap Some specific products are listed

Section 8 – 8.1.2Low Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers


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Equipment installed in new buildings or additions to existing buildings must comply

Section 8 – 8.1.3 – 8.1.4New Buildings and Additions to Existing Buildings


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Alterations to equipment or systems must comply with requirements applicable to those specific portions of the building and systems being altered

New equipment installed as a direct replacement of existing equipment must comply with requirements for that equipment

Exception Not required for relocation or reuse of existing

equipment at the same site

Section 8 – 8.1.5Alterations to Existing Buildings


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Two types of conductors Feeder conductors

– Connect service equipment to the branch circuit breaker panels– 2% maximum voltage drop allowed at design load

Branch circuit conductors– Run from the final circuit breaker to the outlet or load– 3% maximum voltage drop allowed at design load

These are more stringent than non-enforceable requirements in the National Electric Code (NEC)

ExceptionFeeder conductors and branch circuits dedicated to emergency services

Section 8 – 8.4.1Voltage Drop


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≥ 50% of all 125 volt 15- and 20-amp receptacles (including those in modular partitions) must be controlled by an automatic control device in these space typesPrivate officesOpen officesComputer classroomsExceptionsReceptacles designated for equipment requiring 24 hr operationSpaces with security or safety concerns

Section 8 – 8.4.2Automatic Receptacle Control


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Automatic control devices must function on:

Time-of-day controller provided to control ≤ 25,000 ft2 and not more than one floor

Occupant sensor to turn off receptacles within 30 minutes of occupant leaving the space

Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is unoccupied

Section 8 – 8.4.2Automatic Receptacle Control, con’t


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Owner gets information about the building’s electrical system

Record drawings of actual installation within 30 days

– Single-line diagram of electrical distribution system

– Floor plans showing location and areas served for all distribution

Manuals– Submittal data stating equipment

rating– O&M manuals for equipment– Qualified service agency– Complete narrative of system as it’s

normally intended to operate

Section 8 – 8.7Power Submittals


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ComplianceLighting

Mandatory Mandatory ProvisionsProvisions

(required for most compliance

options)

Building SystemBuilding System Compliance OptionsCompliance Options

Energy Code Energy Code ComplianceCompliance

Prescriptive Prescriptive OptionOption

Energy Cost Energy Cost BudgetBudget

Trade Off OptionTrade Off Option

SimplifiedSimplified

Envelope

HVAC

Lighting

SWH

Power


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Basic Lighting Requirements

Exemptions

Mandatory Requirements (Interior and

Exterior)

Controls

Switching

Interior Lighting Power

Limits

Building Area

Additional Allowances

+

Efficiency

Space-by-Space

Exemptions

Exterior Lighting Power

Limits+

Total Connected

Power

Interior Lighting Power

Allowance<

OR

Tradable

Non-Tradable

Total Connected

Power

Exterior Lighting Power

Allowance<


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Section 9 Lighting

General Application (Section 9.1)• Scope • Lighting Alterations• Installed Interior Lighting Power• Luminaire Wattage

Compliance Path(s) (Section 9.2)

Mandatory Provisions (Section 9.4)• Lighting control• Exit signs• Exterior building lighting power• Functional testing

Building Area Method Compliance Path (Section 9.5)

Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space Method (Section 9.6)


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Interior spaces of buildings Exterior building features Exterior grounds lighting powered

through buildingExceptions

– Emergency lighting– Lighting required by life safety statute– Lighting within dwelling units of

buildings– Decorative gas lighting

Section 9 Lighting General Scope


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Applies to these retrofits: where luminaires are added, replaced, or removed lamp plus ballast

Requires BOTH interior and exterior alterations to comply with LPD and basic after hours automatic shutoff requirements

Exception:Spaces where alterations involve < 10% of connected lighting load

Section 9 Lighting General Scope - Alterations


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Lots of exemptions (next page)

Calculation methods Building area Space-by-space

Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance aren’t allowed when both allowed methods are used in different portions of the building

Section 9 Interior Lighting Power


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Theatrical, stage, film, and video production

Medical and dental procedures Exhibit displays for museums,

monuments, and galleries Plant growth or maintenance Integral to equipment or

instrumentation installed by manufacturer

Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases

Retail display windows, provided the display is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions

Food warming and food preparation equipment

Interior spaces specifically designated as registered interior historic landmarks

Integral part of advertising or directional signage

Section 9Lighting Power Allowance Exemptions

Exit signs Sale or lighting educational

demonstration systems Lighting for television broadcasting in

sporting activity areas Casino gaming areas Furniture-mounted supplemental task

lighting controlled by automatic shutoff and complying with 9.4.1.4(d)

For use in areas specifically designed for occupants with special needs including visual impairment and other medical and age-related issues

Mirror lighting in dressing rooms and accent lighting in religious pulpit and choir areas

Parking garage transition lighting


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Used for projects involving An entire building A single, independent, and separate occupancy in a multi-

occupancy building

Gross lighted area is multiplied by allowance from Table 9.5.1

Limitations Insensitive to specific space functions and room configurations Generally is more restrictive When a specific building type isn’t listed, “selection of a reasonably

equivalent type” is permitted

Section 9 Building Area Method of CalculatingInterior Lighting Power Allowance


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Part of Table 9.5.1

0.88Exercise Center

0.61Dormitory

0.89Dining: Family

0.90Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food

0.99Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure

1.05Court House

1.08Convention Center

0.82Automotive Facility

Lighting Power Density (W/ft2)Building Type

Section 9 - Table 9.5.1Building Types


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Sum of total lighted area of a building

Measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating buildings, but excluding a long list of uses. (See Standard).

Used in the building area method of determining interior lighting power allowance

Section 9Gross Lighted Area


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Divide gross lighted area of the building into each of the space types

Calculate lighting power allowance by multiplying area of space type by lighting power density for that specific space type

Sum all the allowances Advantages

– More flexible– Applicable to all building types– Accounts for actual room areas (e.g., lighting needs of

enclosed office vs. open office)

Section 9 – 9.6.1Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance


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If a space has multiple functions and more than one space type applies Break space into smaller subspaces, using space types from Table 9.6.1

Exceptions If any subspace is < 20% of original space and < 1000 ft2,

don’t need to break it out separately Include area of balconies and other projections when calculating

When calculating spaces and subspaces, limits of the area defined by centerline of interior walls dividing line between subspaces outside surface of exterior walls

Section 9 – 9.6.1Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Subspaces


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Section 9 – 9.6.1Space-by-Space Method of CalculatingInterior Lighting Power Allowance


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Added LPD Adjustment – 9.6.3

• Use only when applying the space by space method• Calculate the Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for the empty room:

RCR = 2.5 x Room Cavity Height x room perimeter length room area

(Room Cavity Height = Luminaire mounting height – Workplane)

• If RCR is greater than the RCR threshold for that space type, a 20% increase is allowed

• For corridor/transition spaces, this adjustment is allowed when less than 8 feet wide, regardless of the RCR

Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for relief in unusual spaces


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Added LPD Adjustment


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Added LPD Adjustment


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An increase in the lighting power allowance is allowed for specific space functions when using the space-by-space method. Applications must be automatically controlled, separately from the general lighting, to be turned off during non-business hours

Decorative luminaires in addition to the general lighting at 1.0 W/ft2

Retail display lighting Advanced controls

Section 9 – 9.6.2 Prescriptive Additional Interior Lighting Power


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Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts + (Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) + (Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),

Where: Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4. Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and

small electronics. Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics

and artwork. Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.

Exception Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above,

provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Section 9 – 9.6.2 Retail Display Lighting


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If all mandatory control requirements are met for a space AND advanced controls are installed in that space, THEN additional limited lighting power is allowed:Additional power can be used anywhere in the buildingAdditional Interior Lighting Power Allowance is calculated as

Lighting Power Under Control x Control Factor

Section 9 – 9.6.2 Advanced Controls Incentive

Partial Table 9.6.2 Control Factors Used in Calculating Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance


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Installed Interior Lighting Power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, transformers, and controls

Exception: in the case where there are two independently operated lighting systems that are controlled to prevent simultaneous operation

– Include only the higher wattage system

Luminaire Wattage for various systems shall be determined in accordance with details in Section 9.1.4

Section 9 – 9.1.3Lighting General


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Line voltage luminaires without ballasts or transformers = max. labeled wattage of the luminaire

Luminaires with ballasts or transformers = wattage of the maximum lamp/auxiliary combination OR max. labeled wattage of the luminaire Except when adjustable ballast factors (base on ballast factor to be

used in the space provided ballast factor isn’t user changeable) Line voltage track = actual wattage with a min. 30 W per foot

OR wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR wattage limit of other permanent-current-limiting device(s) on the system

Low voltage track = transformer wattage All others as specified on equipment

Section 9 – 9.1.4Luminaire Wattage


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Automatic lighting shutoff control device required

EXCEPT: Lighting for 24-hour operation Patient care spaces Areas with safety or security concerns

Compliance options:

Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch) Time-of-day controller Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and not more than one floor

Occupant sensor Turn lights off within 30 minutes of occupant leaving the space

Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is unoccupied

Section 9 - 9.4.1Mandatory Automatic Shutoff


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Intent is to apply to business entities or structures where whole building control is practical

Example application: Strip mall – individual business unit

Section 9.4.1.1 Application of Automatic Shutoff


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At least one for each room or space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions– To have at least one control step between 30% and 70% (inclusive)

of full lighting power in addition to all off• Exceptions:

– Lighting in corridors, electrical/mechanical rooms, public lobbies, restrooms, stairways, and storage rooms

– Spaces with only 1 luminaire with rated input power < 100W– Space types with lighting power allowance of < 0.6 W/ft2

– in spaces ≤ 10,000 ft2, each control serves 2,500 ft2 maximum and in spaces > 10,000 ft2, serves 10,000 ft2 maximum

Readily accessible to occupants Override of any time-of-day control for

no more than 2 hours Remote location is allowed to

accommodate areas where safety or security is a concern

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2Mandatory: Individual Space Control


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Additional control required for Display/accent lighting Case lighting Task lighting Nonvisual lighting Demonstration lighting Stairwell lighting

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2 Mandatory Individual Space Control

http://www.314th.org/IT_glass_display_case.jpg


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Occupancy sensors are required in: Classrooms and lecture halls Conference, meeting, and training rooms Employee lunch/break rooms Storage and supply rooms between 50 ft2

and 1000 ft2

Rooms used for document copying and printing

Office spaces < 250 ft2

Restrooms Dressing, locker, and fitting rooms

Exceptions:– Spaces with multi-scene control systems– Shop and lab classrooms– Areas with safety or security concern– Lighting required for 24 hour operation

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2 Mandatory Individual Space Controls


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Guestroom lighting must be controlled at room entry•Suites must be controlled at entry to each room or primary entry•Bathrooms controlled to automatically turn off lighting within 60 minutes of occupant leaving space

– Exception: night lighting not > 5W

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2 Mandatory Additional Space Controls


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Stairwells• Automatic reduction control for lighting in enclosed

stairwells to– Automatically reduce lighting power in any control zone by at

least 50% within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving the zone

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2 Mandatory Additional Space Controls


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Parking garage lighting to be automatically controlled, including daylighting•Must reduce lighting power by minimum of 30% when no activity detected for no more than 30 minutes within a lighting zone ≤ 3,600 ft2

•Daylight transition zone lighting– Controlled separately to automatically turn on lighting during

daylight hours and off at sunset•Automatically reduce power in response to daylight for luminaires within 20 ft of any perimeter wall that has

– a net opening to wall ratio of ≥ 40% and– no exterior obstructions within 20 ft

Exceptions•Daylight transition zones and ramps without parking are exempt from 30% reduction and daylight control•Applications using HID of 150W or less or induction lamps are exempt from 30% reduction

Section 9 – 9.4.1.3 Parking Garage Lighting Control


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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4 Daylight Zone Definition – Under Skylights

© 2010, ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010, Figure 3.1


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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4 Daylight Zone Definition – Under Rooftop Monitors



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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4 Automatic Daylighting Controls for Primary Sidelighted Area



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Section 9 – 9.4.2Mandatory Exit Signs

Limited to 5 watts per face


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Exterior Building Lighting Power must meet prescribed wattage limits. Exterior applications divided into 2 categories:

• Tradable: allowed wattage may be traded among these applications

• Non-Tradable: allowed wattage cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting

Section 9.4.5 Exterior Lighting Power


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Section 9.4.5 Exterior Lighting Power Zones


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Section 9 Tradable Exterior LPDs


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The total exterior lighting power allowance is the sum of the base site allowance plus individual lighting power densities [LPD]….

Trade-offs are allowed only among “Tradable Surfaces” applications

Some exemptions apply

Section 9 – 9.4.3Exterior Building Lighting Power


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The following are exempt when equipped with separate controls : specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with

transportation; lighting that is integral to advertising signage or directional signage; lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed

by its manufacturer; lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film, and

video production; lighting for athletic playing areas; temporary lighting; lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites,

and associated storage areas; theme elements in theme/amusement parks; lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered

historic landmark structures or buildings; lighting for hazardous locations; lighting for swimming pools and water features; searchlights.

Section 9 – 9.4.3Exterior Lighting Power Exemptions


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• Lighting must turn off when there is sufficient daylight• Building façade and landscape lighting must be shut

off between– midnight or business closing (whichever is later) and– 6am or business opening (whichever comes first) OR– times established by AHJ

• Power for other lighting (incl. advertising signage) to be automatically reduced by at least 30%

– From midnight or within 1 hour of end of business operations (whichever is later)

– Until 6am or business opening (which is earlier) OR– During any period when no activity has been detected for a

time no longer than 15 minutes

Exceptions Covered vehicle entrances Exits from buildings or parking structures

(where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation)

Section 9 – 9.4.1.7Mandatory Exterior Lighting Control


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• Functional testing (calibrated/adjusted/programmed) of lighting control devices and systems required within 90 days of occupancy– Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,

manufacture, or installation– For occupant sensors, time switches, programmable controls, or

photosensors:• Verify all performance criteria is met• Confirm occupant sensor time-out and sensitivity settings• Confirm timers and programs set to turn lights off• Confirm photosensor controls effectively control electric lighting in

response to daylight

Section 9 – 9.4.4Functional Testing


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Section 9 – 9.7 Submittals

Record drawings, to include for each piece of lighting equipment: Location Luminaire identifier Control Circuiting

Operation and maintenance manuals

Presentation Slides -- Power and Lighting

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