Presentation Proposal Maz Leena
Transcript of Presentation Proposal Maz Leena
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DEPLOYMENT of CHAOS CONTROLin
WIRELESS NETWORK ENVIRONMENT
Ph.D Proposalby
MAZLEENA SALLEH
Supervisor
PROF DR AHMAD ZAKI ABU BAKAR
January 12, 2004
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Presentation Outline
Part I Topic Proposal
Part IIReviews
Part IIIMethodology
Part IVDiscussion
Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective
Importance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkResearch Scope
Wireless NetworksChaos Control
Research PhasesInstrumentation
Data SourcesExpected Outcomes
Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignSurvey Results
Index
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Part I Topic Proposal
Part IIReviews
Part IIIMethodology
Part IVDiscussion
Problem Background
Problem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective
Importance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkScope of Study
Wireless NetworksChaos Control
FrameworkResearch Phases
InstrumentationData Sources
Expected Outcomes
Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignSurvey Results
Index
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Wireless Networks
Powerful machines, withlarge amounts of memoryand very fast processors.
High-bandwidth links,disconnections are due toeither explicitly performedor failures.
Static location, hosts canbe added, deleted ormoved
Wired Network
Limited capabilities: slow CPUspeed, little memory, low batterypower and small screen size.
Unpredictable disconnections isconsidered as a part of normalwireless communication.
Hosts may come and leavegenerally much more rapidly
Bandwidth and quality of thenetwork connection may vary greatly.
Host or User Base Station/Access Point
Index
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Wireless Usage
In the context of Malaysiancommunity, IDCsurvey revealsthat 35 per centof Malaysiancompanies haveimplemented, orhave plans forimplementingwirelessapplications atthe enterpriselevel (Ting,2003).
14,000,000
16,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
Forecast of Users With Wireline Vs Wireless High-Speed Access,North America, 1998-2003
1998 1999 2000 20022001 2003
Wireline Wireless
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Support of multimedia services over wirelessnetworks presents a number of technicalchallenges.
Due to time-varying error characteristics andtime-varying channel capacity, the delivery of
hard quality of service guarantee is unlikely.
Multiness of types of components, highlyinterconnected, difficult to cognizes, and difficultto design and operate.
Dependence in the auto-correlation function whichcan span many time scales, and could potentially
have a dominant effect on traffic management of networks.
Adaptive techniques are very muchtight to the applications as well ashardware of the system.
Most adaptive systems are inherentlynonlinear and thus bifurcations andchaos in such systems are ofteninevitable.
Trigger rapid degradation to the delivered servicequality.
Change in network resources can result in a majorfluctuation in the availability of network resourcesreserved for the connection.
If a TCP protocol were to be used, the intermittentdisconnection du e to h andoff is interpreted as
Bandwidth of wireless media islimited by the available radiospectrum.
9600 bps per user. The wireless bandwidth cannot be
expanded infinitely.
The wireless media is asymmetric.
Problem Background
Wireless Bandwidth Mobility and Handoff
Real-time Multimedia Content and QoSSupport Complexity of Wired and Wireless Network Available Solutions
Index
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Problem Statement
The characteristics of the wirelessenvironment such as limited bandwidth, anduser mobility as well as the complexity of thenetwork itself contributed to the instability of the traffic flow; thus reducing the throughputof the network. Various adaptive techniqueshave been proposed to overcome these issues
but these techniques lack the flexibility that isrequired to operate in the complex wirelessenvironment.
Index
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Research Question
Can chaos control mechanism provide a stabletraffic flow and reliable connectivity in wireless
network?
i. What are the required parameters in modeling thebehavioral of traffic flow in wireless network?
ii. What is the appropriate chaos control mechanism that isneeded to handle the instability behavior of the trafficflow in wireless network?
iii. What is the acceptable degradation threshold of mobileservices/applications?
iv. What is the nature of damping parameter that is requiredto control the instability of traffic flow (bandwidth)?
Index
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Research Hypothesis
Chaos control through bifurcation delaymentand stabilization can provide the traffic flow
control in wireless network and thus increase thethroughput and the performance through the
effective use of wireless bandwidth.
Index
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Importance of the Study
Future Trend
Supportfor SmartNetworkResearch
Survivabilityof WirelessNetworks
Chaos Technology
To supportmultimediacommunicationthrough wirelesschannel.
Future network willmeet the needs of theuser requirements.
FutureTrend
Support foradaptive, dynamic,and smartnetworking to
respond to thechangingenvironment anddynamic networkingthrough the usage of
revolutionarymethods.
Supportfor SmartNetwork
Research
Always on dataconnection.
To meet a set of criteria, a definitionof acceptableperformanceSurvivability
of WirelessNetworks
To support the needfor real world globaldynamics usage.
ChaosTechnology
Index
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Work Contributions
A new
application field forchaos technology
An alternative schemein implementingadaptive system
A time-varying traffic flow modelthat represent the channel characteristics,
that can yield optimal future control protocols.
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Theoretical Framework
Problem with TCP protocol with managingwireless traffic flow ( Vulupalaand Kumar, 2002 ).
Wireless network is a chaotic network: Random network Large amount of users, nodes and huge
data Event of failure can trigger a chaotic
environment Solution:
Delay or suppres s gra dually onset of chaosIndex
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Chaos Theory
CHAOSSYSTEM
Sensitive toinitial
condition D et er mi ni s m
Nonlinear
O r d e r
( S t r a n g e
A t t r a c
t o r )
Typical features of chaos system (Ditto and Munakata, 1995)
Long-term predictionis mostly impossible due tosensitivity to initial conditions
Index
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Phase State Diagram,Strange Attractors,
Bifurcation
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Controlling Chaos
The idea is to apply appropriately designedminute perturbations to an accessible systemparameter that forces it to follow a desiredbehavior.
0 20 40 60 80 100
x
n
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
a)
control turned on
n
0 20 40 60 80 100
x n
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
x*
Index
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Bifurcation
Delayment/Stabilization Assuming that we can mapped wireless system as
logistic map given as
x k +1 = f ( x k , r ) = r x k (1- x k )
where x is the flow of packet and r is the gain factorthat is a function of the bandwidth and networkcapacity.
Proposed solution to the problem of whenever thesystem converge to the bifurcation point, find a simple(probable linear) control sequence, { u k }, that will beadded to the system:
x k +1 = f ( x k , r ) = r x k (1- x k ) + u k
so as to stabilize the system. Index
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Framework Model:Adaptive Wireless Network Flow
Control
WirelessInterface
Mobile Users
Wireless Connectivity
Wireless Network Knowledge Grabber
Wireless Network Chaotic Controller
Wired Connectivity
The wireless network
chaotic controller willrespond and react withnecessary computationto control thebandwidth and capacityof the wireless networkaccordingly to thedemand of theresources.
Function of network knowledge grabber
component is to capturethe network status.
The network parameterssuch as bandwidth andcapacity will be
measured and this willact as the input to thewireless network chaoticcontroller .
Index
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Research Scope
Investigate of system chaotic and bifurcationphenomena with the use of bifurcationdiagrams, strange attractors in phase plane,and the Largest Lyapunov Exponents (LLE).
Performance will be based on number of lostpackets and the accurateness of receiveddata.
Test on multimedia data such as videotransmission from wired starting point towireless ending point.
Deployment in a single network element.Index
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Part I Topic Proposal
Part IIReviews
Part IIIMethodology
Part IVDiscussion
Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective
Importance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkScope of Study
Wireless NetworksChaos Control
FrameworkResearch Phases
InstrumentationData Sources
Expected Outcomes
Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignSurvey Results
Index
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Related Works: Wireless
TrafficControl
WirelessQoS
BandwidthControl
Middleware
AllocationCongestion ControlRouting Protocol
Error-Coding SchemesNetwork Modeling
MonadsMOWGLI
MobiwareDiffServ
ARMSUIC
WYNIWYGXMIDDLE
Reflective,Context
Awareness
Prediction,Guard,
Reservation
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Related Works: Chaos
Control
Network
Stability
Traffic
Control, TCP
Chaotic
SystemCongestion
Error
Modeling
Chaotic
Maps
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Conclusion From Review
Works All the wireless works are based on adaptation. Change of bandwidth usage based on prediction
algorithm where bandwidth min and max is determined
by system or user. There is no evidence of usage of chaos control in
wireless environment though there are works that showtraffic flow control is definitely chaotic.
Works that we are interested:
Distributed feedback loop bandwidth optimizationmechanism.
Bifurcation parameter of TCP congestion in Internetmodel.
Index
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Part I Topic Proposal
Part IIReviews
Part IIIMethodology
Part IVDiscussion
Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective
Importance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkScope of Study
Wireless NetworksChaos Control
FrameworkResearch Phases
InstrumentationData Sources
Expected Outcomes
Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignSurvey Results
Index
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Initial Works
Literature reviews
Conduct survey to justify therelevancy of our research work in
the perspective of the local communityin Malaysia.
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Research Methodology
Prototype WirelessNetwork AdaptiveFlow Control
To simulate the control mechanismin the wireless network and measurethewireless network performance.
Analyzing the wire
The implementation
of wireless networkchaotic controller
To determine the damping
parameter of the model in order tosuppress or delaythe occurrence of bifurcation.
Design and imple
The formulation of
thedamping parameter.
To simulate the behavioral model
and to identify the structure of attractor,bifurcation parameter andbifurcation points.
To identify and formulate chaoscontroller mechanism.
Analyzing wireless
Behavioral Model of Traffic Flow inWireless Network
To determine the system parametersin modeling behavioral traffic flow inwireless network as second orderdifferential equation.
Modeling the beha DeliverablesObjectivesPhases
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Modeling the Behavioral Pattern of
Traffic Flow in Wireless Networks
Identify system parameters
Deterministic fluidflow representation
Determination of behavior
Continuous FlowPDE representation
Phase plane simulationStatistical testsLargest Lyapunov ExponentsBifurcation diagrams
Data Collection Trace recording
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Analyzing Wireless Network
Performance
Employ performability model ( Trivedi, et. al, 2003 ) To obtain realistic composite performance and
availability measures.
Erlang loss model: obtain loss formula due to channelfailures and handoff problem. Markov chain
Index
Observation of performance degradationof wireless system in transferring
multimedia data
http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/ -
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Design and Implementation of
Wireless Network Chaotic Controller
Formulate the control gains
k c and k n
Determinedamping parameter
Normal form theory(transfer function)
Linearizing thebehavioral equation
Identifying theequilibrium point
Calculate the criticalgain factor
Calculate theeigenvalues andeigenvectors for systemmatrix A where Ax = 0.
Index
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Analyzing the Wireless Network
Adaptive Flow Control
Investigation of delayperformance
Integration of Wireless Chaotic Controller
Identifytraffic flow policy
Identify degree of data fidelity
On-off fluid processmodel and the channel ismodeled by a fluidvariant of Gilbert-Elliots model assuggested by Kim(1999). Index
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Instrumentation & Data
Source Computer modeling and simulation
MATHLAB and OPNET
Winesa Data Capture wireless data in real environment
(UTM)
Use wireless data from Telcos (Malaysian) Use wireless data from other research group
(local/international) Artificial data (
Markov-based Tr ace A nalysis, 2003 )Index
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Expected Results
Behavioral model of traffic flow in wirelessnetwork.
For illustration purpose, the abstractionsprocesses in wireless environment will bedemonstrated using computer simulations.
Traffic flow control algorithm.
A mechanism to control the bifurcationoccurrence by applying chaos controlmanagement.
Analysis of wireless network performance.
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Assumptions and Limitations
Transmission of text data will not faced any wirelessnetwork predicament except delay and therefore willnot be tested. We are interested with real time criticaldata such as multimedia data that include video andaudio.
Queuing delay is relatively small and will not beconsidered in the formulation of the design. This isbecause we believe that edge-based equipments willcontinue to improve rapidly and does reducing thequeuing delays.
Network simulation tools are reliable in testing theperformance of the wireless network.
Index
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Part I Topic Proposal Part IIReviews Part IIIMethodology Part IVDiscussion
Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective
Importance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkScope of Study
Wireless NetworksChaos Control
FrameworkResearch Phases
InstrumentationData Sources
Expected Outcomes
Adaptive SolutionProposed Design
Survey Results
Index
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Cynefin Domains Framework Snowden, D.J. (2003)
To improve the effectiveness (not the efficiency) of decision making and to create the conditions forinnovation.
KnownBest Practice
Standard ProceduresProcess Re-engineering
Sense-Categorise-Respond
Knowable
Good PracticeAnalytical/reductionist
Scenario PlanningSense-Analyse-Response
ComplexEmergent Practice
Pattern ManagementPerspective Filters
Complex Adaptive SystemsProbe-Sense-Response
ChaosDecisive Action
Stability FocusedIntervention
Enactment Tools
Crisis Management
We control thespace and can
determinebehaviour
We have been herebefore and any deviationsare readily understood
Minor, troublesomeevents occur but are
easily rationalised
Something completelyunexpected at this time
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Network Management
Framework
Stand Alone & LANStandard process
with reviewcycle & clear
measures
WirelessMultiple small and
diverseinterventions to
create options e.g.adaptation.
Single or multi pointattractor(s) to stabilise
situation
InternetAnalytical techniques
to determine factsand option range e.g.
congestion control, TCP
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Adaptive Solution
Adaptive networking paradigm is suitable inmitigating the highly varying level of resourceavailability in wireless and mobile networks.
Mobile application and services especially thatinvolve with multimedia data will be tunedwith graceful quality degradation beforeraising back again to full performance.
Index
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Wireless Network Traffic
Flow With Chaos Control Interconnect networks for information can be regarded
as a complex control system. The behavior of the wireless network traffic flow need to
be examined so as to look into the problems concerninghow the network structure facilitates and constraint thenetwork dynamically behaviors.
The critical nature of the network raises concerns aboutthe risk and the impact of system failures (Wang and
Chen, 2003). Use tiny perturbations to stabilize an intended unstablefixed point or periodic orbit embedded in the chaoticattractor, thereby achieving great flexibility for differentcontrol purposes.
Index
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Bifurcation Control Via
Feedback The task of designing a controller to modify thebifurcation properties of a given nonlinear system, so asto achieve a certain desirable behavior.
Design: Taylor expansion and linearization of a givennonlinear dynamical is a common approach (Chen andDong, 1998)
If critical eigenvalue 1 is controllable, uk
( x k ) containing
only third-order terms in the component of x k ,
If critical eigenvalue -1 is uncontrollable u k ( x k )containing only second-order terms in the component of
x k ,
The controlled system h as a l ocally stable bifurcatedperiod-two orbit for k near zero. This feedback stabilizes
( )k t uk x f dt dx
,;=
Index
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Bifurcation Delay
and Stabilization
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Wireless Network ChaoticController
Feedback (closed-loop) scheme described by Ott,Grebogi, and Yorke (OGY, 1990).
Adapted Traffic
Wireless/MobileProtocol
Multimedia
Data
WirelessLink
CapturingWirelessNetwork
Status:
WIRELESSNETWORK CHAOTIC CONTROLLER
DampingParameter, u k
BifurcationManageme
nt
Feedback
Input
Index
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Design Approach
Based on the Internet model of congestion controlsystem with feedback delay ( Li et al., 2004 ):
where
x is the sending rate of the source at time t ,k is the positive gain parameter,D is the sum of forward and return delays,w is a target (set point)
p is the congestion indication Critical value
There is a Hopf bifurcation of the system at its
equilibrium x *.
k* =
2 D ( p ( x *) + x * ( p ( x *))
d x (t )/d t = k [w - x (t D) p ( x (t D))]
Index
http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/ -
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Comparison of Lis Model
and Proposed Model
Functioncommunication delayand sending rate
Inverselyproportional todelay, D
k : system gain
Packet loss and bit errorrate
Probability of packet loss
P : thecongestion
indicationfunction
Base station, accesspoint (equipments atthe edge of wirednetwork).
RouterCongestion
WirelessWiredNetwork
Proposed ModelLis Model
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Results of Survey
The main goal of the survey is to seek the justificationof relevancy in the research area.
Objectives to answer:
What are kind of mobile services that are providedby the industries? What are the most common sets of mobile services
being used by the corporate or small mediumenterprise (SME) customers?
What type of devices and connectivity are required? What are the barriers in delivering the mobile
services? What is (are) the future need(s) in delivering the
mobile services?Index
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Mobile Services M-Commerce : stock trading, reservation, product
purchasing, banking and payment. Communication : short messaging system (SMS),
multimedia messaging system (MMS), chatting,
conferencing and e-mail. Information : news, weather and traffic reports,summons and tracking.
Entertainment : games, music, video download,contest and quizzes.
Corporate or small medium enterprise (SME)customers : wireless messaging, wireless corporateLAN (GPRS) and IDD roaming
Index
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Devices and Connectivity
Devices mobile phone palm top
personal data assistant (PDA) lap top computer
Connectivity Global system for mobile communication (GSM)
General packet radio service (GPRS) 1x radio transmission technology (1xRTT) WiFi Bluetooth
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Wireless Issues
Most services are time-critical
Acceptable disruption
period or the delay timeshould not be more than250 ms.
Resulted in financial lossas well as lose theircustomers confident in theservices that they provide.
Stressed that servicesmust be 99.9% running atall time.
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Disruption Factors
Power failureLack of PowerSupply
Bandwidth, congestionsLimitedResources
Switches, base stationequipment
Faulty hardware
Fiber or cable cut, trunkingAccidental
Actions
Rain, thunderstorm, lightningClimaticchanges
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Other Challenges
Limited coverage Site acquisition (microwave signal hinder by
objects) and geographical terrain. High user expectation Trouble shooting the system in limited time
and information.
To maintain quality of service.
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Survey Conclusion
The transmission of multimedia data across wirelessconnectivity is increasing as new services are beingintroduced in the market.
Propose researches in providing reliable connection investigating the fluctuation of the network
resources controlling network congestions
Support the need of local telecommunication industriesin delivering mobile multimedia services through
wireless media. Other recommended research areas:
Customers behavior towards the usage of wirelessconnectivity in the context of Malaysian users
Network congestion management for wireless
networks Index
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Conclusion
Wireless networks have seen a tremendous growth inthe past decade and still keep expanding at a fast pace.
Wireless network is a complex network and have a
possibility of creating chaos when certain networkparameters become unstable. We proposed an adaptive flow control for wireless
network that will deploy chaos control management instabilizing the traffic flow.
It is hoped that with this research wireless networks canachieve high performance and bring high-qualitynetwork services to mobile users.
Index
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Index
Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch HypothesisResearch QuestionResearch ObjectiveImportance of the StudyWork Contributions
Theoretical FrameworkResearch Scope
Intro. WirelessIntro. ChaosWireless Networks Reviews
Chaos Control Reviews
Research MethodologyInstrumentationData Sources
Expected ResultsAssumptions
Cynefin Framework Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignLis WorkSurvey Results
Middleware Compariso
Work ScheduleBasic FoundationPrimal Algorithm
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Basic FoundationFeedback Control System
( ) f
( ) g
r xe x
( ) ( )( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0lim,
,,00
=
=
=
=
t r t x
t x g t u
xt xt u x f t x
t
Index
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Primal Algorithm
J is a set of resources r is the route and a nonempty set
of J R is all set of routes K r is the gain factor
( )( )
( )
=
=
s j s s j j
r j jr r r r
t x pt
where
t t xwk t xdt d
:)()(
,)()(
Rr
J j
The end-user implements a TCP-like rate controlalgorithm which responds to the congestion indicationsignals from resources.
Deterministic fluid flow model:
x r the sending rate of user r
p is the congestionindication function
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Middleware Platform
Index
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Work Schedule
I D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
T a s k N a m e
R e s e a r c h T i m e l i n e
P H A S E 1 : L i t e r a t u r e R e v i e w
W i r e l e s s N e t w o r k s
C h a o s C o n t r o l
B a s e l i n e S u r v e y
P H A S E 2 : S y s te m M o d e l i n g
I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f S y s t e m P a r a m e t e r s
V e r i f i c a t i o n o f M o d e l
S t a r t D a t e
1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2
1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2
1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2
4 / 7 / 2 0 0 3
7 / 1 6 / 2 0 0 3
2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4
2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4
4 / 1 / 2 0 0 4
E n d D a t e
8 / 1 8 / 2 0 0 6
4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5
4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5
4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5
1 2 / 5 / 2 0 0 3
9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4
7 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4
9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4
9 9 1 d
6 3 1 d
6 3 1 d
5 2 0 d
1 0 3 d
1 7 4 d
1 3 0 d
1 3 1 d
1 8
1 2 C o d i n g
1 3 T e s t i n g a n d v e r i f i c a t i o n o f d e s i g n
1 1 P H A S E 3 : D e s ig n C o n t r o l l e r
9 D a t a C o l l e c t i o n 2 / 2 / 2 0 0 4 7 / 5 / 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 d
1 0 T e s t i n g o f W i r e l e s s N e t w o r k 6 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4 8 8 d
1 0 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 8 d
1 0 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 8 d
1 2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 6 5 d
1 7 P H A S E 5 : T h e s i s W r it in g
1 6 V e r i f y n e t w o r k p e r f o r m a n c e
1 5 I n t e g r a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r i n t h e w i r e l e s s n e t w o r k
1 4 P H A S E 4 : S y s t e m I n t e g r a t i o n 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 7 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 9 d
3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 4 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 4 4 d
5 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 7 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 6 5 d
6 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 5 9 7 d
Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3
2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 D u r a t i o n
D E P L O Y M E N T O F C H A O S C O N T R O L I N W I R E L E S S N E T W O R K E N V I R O N M E N T
Index
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