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Transcript of presentation ppt on wireless energy transfer
Wireless Power Transmission
Presented by
SUMIT VARSHNEY1109131911Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringJSSATEN, NOIDA
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 2
What is WPT?The transmission of energy from
one place to another without using wires
Conventional energy transfer is using wires
But, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 3
Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical
energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during
transmission• On an average, more than 30%• In India, it exceeds 40%
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 5
History
Nikola Tesla in late 1890sPioneer of induction techniquesThe 187 feet tall towerAccessible to everyoneGovernment closed tower
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 6
History (contd…)Tesla was able to transfer energy
from one coil to another coilHe managed to light 200 lamps
from a distance of 40kmThe idea of Tesla is taken in to
research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is named as ‘WiTricity’.
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 7
Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniques
Inductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir Ionization
Far-field techniqueMicrowave Power Transmission
(MPT)
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Inductive coupling Primary and secondary coils are
not connected with wires.Energy transfer is due to Mutual
Induction
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 9
Inductive coupling (contd…)Transformer is also an exampleEnergy transfer devices are usually air-coredWireless Charging Pad(WCP),electric brushes
are some examplesOn a WCP, the devices are to be kept,
battery will be automatically charged.
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 10
Inductive coupling( contd… )Electric brush also charges using
inductive couplingThe charging pad (primary coil)
and the device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each other
It is preferred because it is comfortable.
Less use of wiresShock proof
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 11
Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Combination of inductive
coupling and resonanceResonance makes two objects
interact very stronglyInductance induces current
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 12
How resonance in RIC?Coil provides the inductanceCapacitor is connected parallel to
the coilEnergy will be shifting back and
forth between magnetic field surrounding the coil and electric field around the capacitor
Radiation loss will be negligible
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 13
An example
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 14
WiTricityBased on RICLed by MIT’s Marin SoljačićEnergy transfer wirelessly for a
distance just more than 2m. Coils were in helical shapeEfficiency achieved was around
40%
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WiTricity (contd…)
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WiTricity now…Companies like Intel are also
working on devices that make use of RIC
Researches for decreasing the field strength
Researches to increase the range
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RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than
inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared
to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. But
usually inductive coupling is one-to-one
Devices using RIC technique are highly portable
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 18
Air IonizationToughest technique
under near-field energy transfer
Air ionizes only when there is a high field
Needed field is 2.11MV/m
Natural example: Lightening
Not feasible for practical implementation
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 19
Advantages of near-field techniquesNo wiresNo e-wasteEfficient energy
transfer using RIC
Harmless, if field strengths under safety levels
Maintenance cost is less
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DisadvantagesDistance constraintField strengths have to be under
safety levelsInitial cost is highIn RIC, tuning is difficultHigh frequency signals must be
the supplyAir ionization technique is not
feasible
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 21
Far-field energy transfer
RadiativeNeeds line-of-sightMicrowaveAims at high power transfer
Tesla’s tower was built for this
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 22
Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one
place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually
Steps:◦Electrical energy to microwave
energy◦Capturing microwaves using
rectenna◦Microwave energy to electrical
energy
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 23
MP T (contd…)AC can not be directly converted
to microwave energyAC is converted to DC firstDC is converted to microwaves
using magnetronTransmitted waves are received
at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the output
DC is converted back to AC
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 24
RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and
diodesConverts microwave to its DC
equivalentUsually multi-element phased
array
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Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW
of power from SPSIt is about one and a half mile
long
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Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc
are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the
transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight
Can reach the places which are remote
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 27
Disadvantages of far-field energy transferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen microwaves are used,
◦interference may arise◦FRIED BIRD effect
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 28
ApplicationsNear-field energy transfer
◦ Electric automobile charging Static and moving
◦ Consumer electronics◦ Industrial purposes
Far-field energy transfer◦ Solar Power Satellites◦ Energy to remote areas◦ Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 29
ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial
costBetter than conventional wired
transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be
completely wireless
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 30
References S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,”
Wireless power transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)
Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy, September 2009
C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”
David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010
Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless Sensors”
Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 31
References( contd…)André Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D.
Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher and Marin Soljačić, “Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances”, Science, June 2007
T. R. Robinson, T. K. Yeoman and R. S. Dhillon, “Environmental impact of high power density microwave beams on different atmospheric layers”,
White Paper on Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Systems, URSI, September 2006
Richard M. Dickinson, and Jerry Grey, “Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission”
S.S. Ahmed, T.W. Yeong and H.B. Ahmad, “Wireless power transmission and its annexure to the grid system”
04/08/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 32
THANK YOU!