Presentation: Planning Methods - Measuring Sprawl in College Station
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By: Yi Zhang, Avinash Shrivastava, Matt Sandidge, and Andy Schneck
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Urban sprawl is endemic throughout the United States. At times College Station has been accused of ugly urban sprawl and at other times it has been accused of over regulation of development. Some believe that city-subsidized sprawl is a requirement for economic growth, while others feel that this sort of expansion can limit economic development. The result of automobile dominant transportation system on the urban form of Bryan/College Station include: low densities, reliance on automobiles, urban sprawl, suburbanization, increased rural residential in the Extra Territorial Jurisdictions (ETJ's) and a generally dispersed pattern of land development and urban activities. In this project, we will try to measure sprawl and its impact in College Station. The urban sprawl can be measured and analyzed using the four factor sprawl index:1) Residential density,2) Neighborhood mix of homes, jobs, and services,3) Strength of activity centers and downtowns,4) Accessibility of the street network
Transcript of Presentation: Planning Methods - Measuring Sprawl in College Station
By: Yi Zhang, Avinash Shrivastava, Matt Sandidge, and Andy Schneck
Study Area South College Station and southern tip of Brazos County.
8.2% 0.4%
72.5%
9.9%1.6%
7.3%
Land Use of Study Area
Single Family ResidenceMulti-Family ResidenceFarm and Agricultural
Source: Brazos County Appraisal District
Data Normalization In order to compare 1990 Census Data to 2000 Census Data
we incorporated 3 tracts into our study area.
Population 67 % population increase from 1990-2000 Brazos County increased in population by 25% Accounted for 45% of the total growth in the Brazos County
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1990 2000
20,787
34,618
Population in Study Area
2000 Population Distribution
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
18.01 18.02 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05
5,3135,829
3,885 3,928
4,985
3,051
7,627
Study Area Tracts
Population 2000
•As you move from the center of the city and away from the university the population density decreases significantly
Household Characteristics2000 Families Non-families Total Households Percent of Families
Percent of Non-families
Study Area 8,146 4,841 12,987 62.72% 37.28%
Brazos County 30,390 24,812 55,202 55.05% 44.95%
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
1990 Study Area 2000 Study Area
0.069
0.114
Households Per Acre
1990 Families Non-families Total Households Percent of FamiliesPercent of Non-families
Study Area 5,005 2,852 7,857 63.7% 36.3%
Brazos County 24,903 18,822 43,725 57.0% 43.0%
•Study area for both 1990 and 2000 has a higher percentage of families households•The number of households per acre increased by 65%•The number of housing units increased by 60%
Housing Units
Study Area 1990 8591
Study Area 2000 13762
Renter vs. Owner
Tract Percent Owner Occupied Percent Renter Occupied18.01 43.38% 56.62%18.02 45.26% 54.74%20.01 92.66% 7.34%20.02 79.49% 20.51%20.03 86.74% 13.26%20.04 84.04% 15.96%20.05 37.23% 62.77%Total SA 60.00% 40.00%Brazos Co. 45.58% 54.42%
Tract Percent Owner Occupied Percent Renter Occupied
18 36.44% 63.56%
20 61.86% 38.14%
2005 100.00% 0.00%
Total SA 51.67% 48.33%
Brazos 34.97% 65.03%
1990
2000
•Three of the new housing additions in south College Station.
Age and Sex of Study Area
01000200030004000500060007000
under 21
21-39 40-64 65 or over
Study Area 1990
male
female
35% 34%
43%43%
19%19%
3% 4%
01000200030004000500060007000
under 21 21-39 40-64 65 or over
Study Area 2000
male
female
36% 35%34% 33%
25% 25%
5% 7%
•From 1990 to 2000 the 21-39 age category decreased and the 40-64 category increased.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
under 21
21-39 40-64 65 or over
Brazos County 1990
male
female
37% 37%43%
38%
15% 17%
5%8%
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
under 21
21-39 40-64 65 or over
Brazos County 2000
male
female
37%39%
19% 20%
5%8%
37%35%
Age By Tract for 1990 and 2000
2000 Census Median Age Average Age18.01 24.6 28.6418.02 24 28.5220.01 39.6 35.3620.02 31.4 31.2220.03 34 32.7120.04 37 35.0920.05 22 27.6Study Area 26 30.28Brazos County 24 29.55
1990 Census Median Age Average Age18 24 26.2920 27 29.512005 42 40.06Study Area 25 28.01Brazos County 24 28.76
•Study area average is similar to the county average
•Tract 20.05 is much younger (closer to campus)
•Tract 20.03 and 20.04 are older than average (suburban growth)
74.6
10.7
0.3
4.1
0.1
8.4
1.9
Total Population:Race Distribution-Brazos County 2000
White Alone
African American Alone
American Indian and Alaska Native Alone
Asian Alone
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Alone
Some Other Race Alone
Two or More Races
Race
87.2
3.50.4
4.2
0.0
3.2
1.4
Total Population:Race Distribution-Study Area 2000
White Alone
African American Alone
American Indian and Alaska Native Alone
Asian Alone
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Alone
Some Other Race Alone
Two or More Races
90.1
4.0
0.1
2.62.7
Total Population:Race Distribution-Study Area 1990
White Alone
African American Alone
American Indian; Eskimo; or Aleut
Asian or Pacific Islander
Other Race
77.8
11.2
0.33.7
7.1
Total Population:Race Distribution-Brazos County 1990
White Alone
African American Alone
American Indian; Eskimo; or Aleut
Asian or Pacific Islander
Other Race
Race Distribution Between TractsTotal
Population18.01 18.02 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05
White Alone 30174 86.2% 84.6% 90.5% 87.2% 84.8% 89.2% 88.8%
African American Alone 1226 4.6% 3.5% 0.5% 4.8% 3.4% 3.7% 3.8%American Indian and Alaska Native Alone 140 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 0.0% 0.5%
Asian Alone 1465 4.5% 7.8% 5.7% 2.1% 6.5% 0.2% 1.8%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
Alone 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Some Other Race Alone 1122 3.5% 2.9% 1.4% 4.0% 2.4% 5.6% 3.5%
Two or More Races 491 1.0% 0.7% 1.3% 1.3% 2.6% 1.3% 1.6%
Total Population18.00 20.00 2005
White Alone 18733 89.4% 91.3% 100.0%
African American Alone 833 3.6% 4.3% 0.0American Indian; Eskimo; or Aleut 25 0.1% 0.1% 0.0Asian or Pacific
Islander 543 4.1% 1.7% 0.0
Other Race 557 2.9% 2.6% 0.0
1990
2000
Hispanic
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
1990 2000
13.71%
17.88%
7.25% 8.09%
Percent Hispanic
Brazos County
Study Area
Hispanic Population 2000 Total Population Percent Hispanic18.01 5313 9.35%18.02 5829 7.21%20.01 3885 4.45%20.02 3928 9.78%20.03 4985 5.56%20.04 3051 11.11%20.05 7627 9.31%Study Area 34618 8.09%
Brazos County 152415 17.88%
Hispanic Population 1990 Total Population
Percent Hispanic
18 8226 7.57%
20 12530 7.03%
2005 31 9.68%
Study Area 20787 7.25%
Brazos County 121862 13.71%
•Hispanic population increase in study area was not as significant as county increase between 1990 and 2000.
•Tract 20.04 was significantly higher than average.
1990 2000
Education Level for Persons Over 25 years of age
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
20.2%
39.9%
22.7%
17.2%
Brazos County 1990
Below 12th Grade
High School GraduateAssociate/Bachelors
Graduate
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8.3%
38.3%
30.4%
23.0%
Study Area 1990
Below 12th Grade
High School GraduateAssociate/Bachelors
Graduate
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
18.7%
39.8%
24.2%
17.3%
Brazos County 2000
Below 12th Grade
High School GraduateAssociate/Bachelors
Graduate
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
7.1%
34.3% 33.3%
25.3%
Study Area 2000
Below 12th Grade
High School GraduateAssociate/Bachelors
Graduate
Income Levels•The study area has both low and high income regions.
Census Tract
Median Income
15.00 625017.00 1243714.00 1461216.04 1551116.03 1594713.03 1610113.01 1673620.05 1684013.02 1768810.00 2191716.01 2224815.00 2270816.03 248156.04 262504.00 274097.00 276509.00 278662.01 289183.00 3128811.00 3183118.01 377732.02 3857819.00 430568.00 4439518.02 4629520.04 487271.00 5043220.02 5495220.03 7143820.01 89059
Occupation
Mgmt & Prof Sevice Sales Farming, Forrestry
Construction, Extraction
Production, Transportation
Brazos County 39.3 16.4 25.3 0.6 8.9 9.5Census Tract 1802 53.6 13.5 23.4 0.4 3.2 5.9Census Tract 2003 60.4 7.5 21.7 0 4.7 5.6Census Tract 2004 42 13.7 20.5 1.5 16.1 6.2Census Tract 2005 43.2 16.7 24.5 1.3 7.4 6.9
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0
Perc
enta
ge2000 Occupation by County, Census Tracts
Mgmt & Prof Sales (Tech) Service Farming & For/Fish Prec Fabrication Operators &
LaborersBrazos County 32% 33% 14% 2% 8% 10%Census Tract 18 43% 34% 9% 1% 4% 8%Census Tract 20 42% 30% 11% 3% 9% 5%
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
Perc
enta
ge
1990 Occupations by County, Census Tracts
Travel Times and Modes
85.2%
10.4%0.2% 0.4%
1.1%
2.6%
2000 Study Area Commuting Patterns
Drove Alone
Car Pooled
Public Transit
Walked
Other Means
Worked at Home
76.4%
13.2%1.0% 3.3% 3.5% 2.6%
2000 Brazos County Commuting Patterns
80.1%
12.5%
2.2%3.6%
1.6%
1990 Study Area Commuting Patterns
Drove Alone
Car Pooled
Public Transit
Walked / worked from home
Other Means
71.0%14.0%
2.0%8.1% 4.9%
1990 Brazos County Communting Patterns
Study Area 18.8 minutes
Brazos County 16.7 minutes
Average Commute Times•Study area is dominated by the automobile •Little variation in mode as compared to the county
Commuting Patterns
TractTotal Workers
% Driving Alone
% Car Pooled
% Public Transit % Walked
% Other Means
% Worked at Home
Mean Travel Time
18.01 4334 92.16% 5.54% 0.00% 0.30% 0.62% 1.38% 14.5
18.02 3102 87.01% 10.25% 0.00% 0.23% 1.35% 1.16% 15.4
20.01 1984 83.62% 11.44% 0.20% 1.31% 0.66% 2.77% 15.7
20.02 2072 85.28% 11.73% 0.00% 0.29% 0.43% 2.27% 18.5
20.03 2297 84.33% 10.88% 0.00% 0.17% 0.78% 3.83% 20.7
20.04 1506 83.93% 10.69% 0.00% 0.53% 0.00% 4.85% 27.9
20.05 3797 81.85% 11.51% 0.71% 0.37% 2.58% 2.98% 18.6
Transportation
•Traditional suburban development constitutes driving as main source of transportation
•Lack of sidewalks is another indicator of this transportation mode.
Characterizations
•Tract 18.02•High population density•Small pocket of high income•Median age is low•Some students•High Asian population•Some commercial
•Tract 20.03•Most affluent•Highest income•Much new development in this area
•Tract 20.05•Lowest income•Closest to the university•Lowest average age•Many students•Majority of renter-occupied units
•Tract 20.04•Low density•Very rural•Oldest population•Income is above county average
20.05 20.03
20.04 18.02
Since 2000 From field research it is clear that many houses have been
built since 2000 According to the 2007 Census Bureau estimates there have
been many new houses built in Brazos County Some new commercial developments
The End
