1

PRESENTATIONON

“ Power Scenario in India ”

by

V.K. AGRAWAL

GM, SRLDC

BANGALORE

2nd March, 2006

2

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – EVOLUTION

REGIONAL GRIDS IN INDIA – QUICK FACTS

SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW

GRID CONTROL - ISSUES & CARDINAL EVENTS

POWER SECTOR - THRUST AREAS & CONCERNS

3

INDIAN POWER SECTOR

EVOLUTION

4

Indian Power Grid – its Evolution• Phenomenal expansion since Independence (1947)

Generation : 1349 MW (in 1947) 120,000 MW (in 2006)

Grid :

Local grid – at the time of Independence.

State Grids – emerged in 1960s.

Regional Grids – in 1970s.

Five Regional Grids – Northern, Western, Southern,

Eastern & North-eastern

National Grid – All Five Regions Interconnected (2002)

5

Growth of Installed Capacity for Electricity in India

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000ALL FIGURES IN MW

6

TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE

OWNERSHIP TOTAL

CENTRAL STATE

Circuit Kilometer

+ 500 kV HVDC

4,372 1,504 5,876

765 kV charged at 400 kV

917 409 1,326

400 kV 40,854 22,607 63,461

220 kV 9,220 98,521 107,741

132 kV* 2,152 93,126 95,278

Total 57,515 216,167 273,682

EHV Infrastructure

7

Coal

Hydro

Energy Resource Map

8

Source wise composition of installed capacity in India

2.40% 1.70% 26%

70%

HydroThermalNuclearWind

1,20,934 MW

9

ALL INDIA GENERATION COMPOSITION

14.6

408.5

87.7

ThermalHydroNuclear

Total Market Size = 510.8 BU

10

ALL INDIA MARKET COMPOSITION

5%9%

3%

46%

37%

State Sector long termPPACentral Sector longterm PPAIPP generation

Electricity Trading

Balancing market

11

Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

22%

29%

5%

35%

6%

3%

IndustryDomesticRailwaysAgricultureCommercialOthers

12

State Govt.

SERC

IPPs SGC CPPs

STU

SLDC

Distn Cos.

Consumers

Central Govt.

CEA CERC

RPC

CTU

RLDC

CGS

INDIAN POWER SECTOR - HIERARCHICAL SET UP

13

REGIONAL GRIDS

QUICK FACTS

14

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITY

NORTHERN :- 33,782 MW

EASTERN :- 16,680 MW

SOUTHERN :- 33,162 MW

WESTERN :- 34,867 MW

NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,443 MW

TOTAL 120,934 MW

REGIONAL GRIDS

15

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

‘ ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS1

2

3

SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003

ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

16

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

‘ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS

1

2

WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

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Inter Regional Links

700 MW700 MW

1200MW1200MW

2000MW2000MW

1200 MW1200 MW

900 MW900 MW30,500 MW

16,000

32,700 MW

32,934 MW

2300

1850 MW1850 MW

1650 MW1650 MW

Present IR Present IR Capacity = Capacity = 9,500 MW9,500 MW

18

By 2006

Inter-regional capacity - 11,500MW

19

By 2007

Inter-regional capacity - 18,400MW

20

11850 MW

1200 MW6050 MW

5500 MW

1400 MW6150 MW

36,700 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

EASTERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012)

4000 MW

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GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

1947

5

1983

0

2030

4

2129

8

2213

3

2298

3

2417

3 2616

3 2850

1

2952

6 3273

3

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

YEARS --->

IN MW

22

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR

The above capacity does not includes

--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.

--- Micro and Captive plants in different states.

AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL

ANDHRA PRADESH 3586 2963 272 2 --- 6823

KARNATAKA 3387 1470 128 5 --- 4989

KERALA 1831 --- 235 2 --- 2068

TAMILNADU 213 2970 423 19 --- 5550

PONDICHERRY --- --- 33 --- --- 33

CENTRAL SECTOR --- 8090 360 --- 830 9280

IPP 278 387 1781 1975 --- 4421

TOTAL 11219 (34%) 15880 (48%) 3230 (10%) 2003 (6%) 830 (3%) 33162 (100%)

23

15880 (48%)

11219 (34%)830 (3%)

2003 (6.0%)

3230 (10%)

HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND /OTHERS NUCLEAR

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

33,162 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WIND/OTHERSNUCLEAR

GAS

24

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA

ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400 KV 2042 1614     9850 13506

220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926

132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220   32360

TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 10216 71404

25

11000

13000

15000

17000

19000

21000

23000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

HOUR ---->

DE

MA

ND

IN

MW

--->

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR

WINTER

MONSOON

SUMMER

EVENING PEAK

WEATHER

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GRID CONTROL

ISSUES & CARDINAL EVENTS

27

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST

• LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS

– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES

• LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION

– CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES

– SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS

• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS

– SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD

• ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT

28

GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK

BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE

COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC

OPERATION

INSTABILITYPOWER

SWINGSINCREASED

LOSSES

29

GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

IMPROVED VOLTAGES

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

IMPROVED GRID SECURITY

30

GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS

• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME

• GENERATION ADDITION

• INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS

• OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE

31

INDIAN POWER SECTOR

THRUST AREAS AND ISSUES

32

INDIAN POWER SECTOR – THRUST AREAS

SEBs TURNAROUND

DISTRIBUTION SECTOR REFORMS

EVOLUTION OF PLANS AND POLICIES

EMPHASIS ON SYSTEM SECURITY & STABILITY

33

INDIAN POWER SECTOR – ISSUES

ADDITION OF TARGETED CAPACITIES

INTRA-STATE ABT

METERING AND BILLING

CONCEPT OF ANCILLARY SERVICES

RATIONALISATION OF UI SLOPE

34

MONSOONS

SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST

MONSOON

BACK

35

Power development - 16th EPS projections

975

719529507

Mar.'01 (act.) Mar.'02 (est.) Mar.'07 (est.) Mar.'12 (est.)

157107

1157058513278037

Peak requirement

in MW

Energy requirement

in BU

36

Description Target (In MW)

Hydro 16,000

Coal 38,000

Nuclear 3,000

Gas & Naptha 6,000

NCE 5,000

TOTAL 67,000

Capacity Addition Programme (11th Plan)

Description Target (In MW) Achieved till now (In MW)

Thermal 25,417 7,805

Hydro 14,393 5,394

Nuclear 1,300 540

TOTAL 41,110 13,739

Capacity Addition Programme (10th Plan)

37

68 72 76 88 92 9680 84

S S

W W

NN

EE

NE

L

GEO POLITICAL

POWER REGIONS

B’DESH-

SRI

NEPALBHUTAN

INDIAINDIA

J&K

HP

PUNJAB

HARIANA

RAJASTHANUP

MP

BIHAR

ORISSA

WBGUJARAT

MAHARASHTRA

KARNATAKA

TAMIL

NADU

AP

ASSAM

MNP

MIZTRP

NG

ME

LAKSHADWEEP

A&N

MYANMAR

SKM

PONDICHERY

DELHI

GOA

DIU

DAMAN

NER NER

LANKA

JKND

CTGR

PROPOSED 5 ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS

TADIRI

MUDRAKOT SASA