Presentation on Indigenous People
Transcript of Presentation on Indigenous People
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Presentation
onIndigenous People
By V . Mahesh
MSW II year
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Presentation on
Indigenous People
ByV . Mahesh
MSW II Year
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The term indigenousis derived from the Latin etymology meaning "native" or
born within
Definition: "a body of persons that are united by a common culture, tradition,
or sense of kinship, which typically have common language, institutions, and
beliefs, and often constitute a politically organied group"!
ndigenous people can identify in particular geographical areas by the
presence of various degrees of the following characteristics:
a# a close attachment to ancestral territories and to the natural resources in
these areas
b# self$identification and identification by others as members of a distinct
cultural group
Introduction
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c# an indigenous language, often different from the national language%
d# presence of customary, social and political institutions and &rimarily
subsistence$oriented production
There are about '() million indigenous peoples in the world! *lthough
they account for less than ( per cent of the global population, they
comprise about +( per cent of all the poor people in the world!
Introduction (contd..)
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* great number of indigenouspeoples organiations, were
established at national and
international level in the +-)s and
+.)s, spurred on by the
decoloniation era and a moregeneral growth in non$governmental
organiations.
n +./, the 0nited 1ations 2ub$
3ommission on &revention of
Discrimination and &rotection of4inorities launched a 2tudy on the
problem of discrimination against
indigenous populations, later known
as 5the Martne! "obo study6, the
name of the 2pecial 7apporteur
appointed to prepare the report
Indigenous issues at international le#el
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n +8/, the establishment of the first
0nited 1ations mechanism on
indigenous peoples issues, namely the
9orking roup on ndigenous
&opulations of the 2ub$3ommission was
formed! ;etween +8< and +', indigenous
issues gained increased momentum
Indigenous issues at international le#el
The establishment of the 01 =oluntary >und for ndigenous &opulations ?+8(#
The proclamation of the nternational @ear of the 9orlds ndigenous &eople ?+'#
The proclamation of two separate nternational Decades of the 9orlds ndigenous
&eople ?+($/))< and /))($/)+orum on ndigenous ssues ?01&># in /)))
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n ndia indigenous people were termed as Tribes!
The term tribe is derived from the Latin word tribus!
$uring the British %ule
The ;ritish were keen to establish their rule in all parts of the country and
were also looking for resources for their industries!
They not only levied new rents for land but also made new land settlements!
The areas, which were relatively secluded but rich in natural resources,
eAperienced entry of new variety of people, namely forest contractors,
labourers, officials, neo$settlers, money lenders etc!
Indigenous people in India
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*t this stage, for variety of reasons, the ;ritish thought of protecting theindigenous populations by bringing a regulation in +8''!
n +8.+, the ;ritish overnment of ndia 5notified6 certain tribes as "criminals"
and passed the notorious "3riminal Tribes *ct of +8.+!
n +8.ollowing ndependence, the policy of protection and the development for the
population identified as tribe has been made into a constitution obligation!
Indigenous people in India (contd..)
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3onstitutional &rovisions C 2afeguards for 2cheduled Tribes, can be divided
into two parts
+! &rotective
/! Developmental!
. 'rticle (*)& Promotion of social+ ,conomic and ,ducational interests.
.
'rticle -()& Safeguard of ribal interests9hile the rights of free movement and residence throughout the territory of
ndia and of acuisition and disposition of property are guaranteed to every
citien, special restrictions may be imposed by "the state for the protection of
the interests of any 2cheduled Tribe "!
. 'rticle /0& 1uman raffic2ing
. 'rticle /-& "ultural and ,ducational rights
. 'rticle 3*
t provides for a 4inister$in$charge of tribal welfare in the states of 4&,
3hattisgarh,Erissa and Fharkhand!G
http://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.html -
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'rticles 004+ 00/ and 00*
*ccording to these articles seats shall be reserved for 2cheduled 3astes and
2cheduled Tribes in legislative bodies! There are provisions for reservations of
seats in the parliament as well as legislative *ssembly of every state ?*rticle
''),''/#!
'rticle 005
t says that there shall be a special officer for the 2cheduled 3astes and
2cheduled Tribes to be appointed by the &resident!
't present
n ndia, .)( individual ethnic groups, had been recognied as 2cheduled
Tribes in the year /)++!
;y /)++, they formed 8!- H of the total ndian population i!e, +)) million
population!
http://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.htmlhttp://mrunal.org/2012/07/polity-rights-st.html -
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66.5 7 of ribal
population is not ha#ing$rainage 8acility
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66.* 7 of S 1ouseholds 9ere not ha#ing :atrine
facility i.e they go for open defection
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5- 7 of 1ouseholds 9ere using Polluting fuels for coo2ing
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*- 7 of ribal population are not using electricity
facility
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Table : &lace of delivery% percentage distribution of live
births in the five years preceding the survey by place of
delivery and percentage delivered in health facility
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able& 'ssistance during deli#ery
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*fter -- years of ndependence many tribals in ndia were not getting
7ight to have a living, proper housing, drinking water, education,
electricity, health facilities, communication, right over the land and they
are denied everything!
These problems can be solved only through Decentraliation of power i!e!,
giving powers to the local people!
"onclusion
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&roIects undertaken to promote development have been a maIor causeof population displacement in many cases!
4any of the big development proIects have been set up in tribal areas
and on the lands owned by tribals!
2ome ',')) big dams have been constructed in ndia in the last ()years!
$e#elopment+ $isplacement and %ehabilitation of ribal
People