Presentation on HeLa Cells1

8/12/2019 Presentation on HeLa Cells1

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Presentation on HeLa Cells.

Presented by- IIT,Hyd



Content- Introduction to Cancer

Cells involved in Cervical cancer

History of HeLa cells

Current use in Medical sciences

Norepinephrine

G Protein coupled receptor

drener!ic receptors and its types

"eference



INT"#$%CTI#N

Cancer & a lar!e !roup of diseases characteri'ed by the uncontrolled !rospread of abnor)al cells.

There are over *++ dierent types of cancer, and each is classied by thcell that is initially aected. Cancer har)s the body (hen da)a!ed cells divide uncontrollably to for

)asses of tissue called tu)ors. Tu)ors can !ro( and interfere (ith the di!estive, nervous, and circulat

syste)s, and they can release hor)ones that alter body function. Tu)oin one spot and de)onstrate li)ited !ro(th are !enerally considered to



no(in! cervical cancer

Cancer of the cervi/ is the )ost co))on fe)ale !enital cancer in developin! countries everyyear about 0++,+++ (o)en , ac1uire the disease and 203 are fro) fro) developin! countries.

Cervical cancer is a )ali!nant neoplas) arisin! fro) cells ori!inatin! in the cervi/.



History of HeLa cells

Henrietta Lac4s5u!u

Hospital for treat

<as dia!nosed (ith :epider)oid car

The cells (ere ta4en fro) Lac4s> tissue sa)ples and !ro(n by a researcher na)ed $r1uic4ly reali'ed that so)e of Lac4s> cells (e

There are no( billions and billions of HeLa cells in laboratories all over the (orld. It>s the )



Much of our understandin! of basic cell physiolo!y and cancer biolo!y is due to H

)any Nobel pri'es have beena(arded for research involvin!HeLa cells 50 since 7++*9

telo)erase activity

cell cycle re!ulation

protein transport

cell division

cell adhesion

si!nal transduction

apoptosis

virolo!y



lab accident usin! HeLa cells led to the discovery tnor)al hu)an cells have 8? chro)oso)es.



Techni1ues developed to isolate and then culture sin!le HeLa cecreate a clonal population led to several i)portant scientic and)edical advances.



%ses #@ HeLa Cells- %sed in research on HIA 5hu)an i))unodeciency virus9, the )ost co

se/ually trans)itted diseaseBto help (ith developin! treat)ents for

i))unodeciency syndro)e $evelop virolo!yBeld of biolo!y study of viruses

$evelop )ethods of free'in! cells for stora!e

$evelop standardi'ed )ethods for culturin! cells

$evelop the rst vaccine for polio

$evelop )ethods for accurately deter)inin! the nu)ber of chro)oso

benecial for cancer research

%sed to help develop treat)ents for Par4insons disease, inDuen'a, leuhe)ophilia.

%sed to deter)ined that HPA 5hu)an papillo)a virus9 causes cancer



Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is a che)ical released fro) the sy)pathetic nervous syste) in

is classied as a neurotrans)itter, a che)ical that is released fro) neurons. Eenorepinephrine aects other or!ans of the body, it is also referred to as a stres

Neurotrans)itters are endo!enous che)icals that trans)it si!nals across a sy5brain cell9 to another >tar!et> neuron.

It is a non steroidal hor)one,(hich )eans that it binds to receptors on the outespecially the adrener!ic receptor and then activate secondary )essen!ers.

Norepinephrine have an a)ino acid base of phenyl alanine and tyrosine.

Norepinephrine is released by the sy)pathetic post!an!lionic nerve endin!s.

Increase heart rate and stren!th of contraction.

Mobili'e !lucose fro) liver .

Inhibit di!estive activity.

F/pression of the c$N clone in transfected HeLa cells indicates that noradrenis sodiu)-dependent and sensitive to selective noradrenaline transport inhibitolocali'ed to the brainste) and the adrenal !land.



<hen released to blood strea),it binds to )ultiple receptors specicallreceptors, (hich in turn sti)ulates the production of cyclicMP.

Norepinephrine is si)ilar to adrenaline. It (or4s by constrictin! 5narro(vessels and increasin! blood pressure and blood !lucose 5su!ar9 levels

Norepinephrine is used to treat life-threatenin! lo( blood pressure 5hypcan occur (ith certain )edical conditions or sur!ical procedures. This )often used durin! CP" 5cardio-pul)onary resuscitation9.

Norepinephrine can also be ad)inistered to treat cardiac arrest or hear

because of its ability to increase blood Do( in the coronary arteries andhelp )a4e the heart pu)p faster. %sin! norepinephrine in this case (ilpatient )aintain an ade1uate blood pressure.



G Protein Coupled "eceptor 5GPC"9

G protein-coupled receptors 5GPC"s9, also 4no(n as seven-transmembranereceptors, G protein-lin4ed receptors 5GPL"9, constitute a lar!e protein fa)that sense )olecules outside the cell and activate inside si!nal transductioulti)ately, cellular responses.

The li!ands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitivodors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in )olecules to peptides to lar!e proteins.

There are t(o principal si!nal transduction path(ays involvin! the G protereceptors

a) the cAMP signal pathway andb) the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway

<hen a li!and binds to the GPC" it causes a confor)ational chan!e in theallo(s it to act as a !uanine nucleotide e/chan!e factor 5GF@9. The GPC" c



drener!ic receptor

=even-pass trans)e)brane proteins that arecoupled to G proteins

The adrener!ic receptors 5or adrenoceptors9 area class of G protein-coupled receptors that aretar!ets of the catechola)ines, especiallynorepinephrine 5noradrenaline9 and epinephrine5adrenaline9.

There are )ultiple receptor types (hich aredierentially e/pressed in dierent tissues andcells.

T(o )ain fa)ilies of adrener!ic receptors & Alphaand Beta.



There are t(o )ain !roups of adrenergic receptors, α and β, (ith severa

receptors have the subtypes * 5a G1 coupled receptor9 and 7 5a Gi cou

receptors have the subtypes *, 7 and K. ll three are lin4ed to Gs prot7 also couples to Gi,(hich in turn are lin4ed to adenylate cyclase. !onist causes a rise in the intracellular concentration of the second )essen!er cM

The 7 receptor is a presynaptic receptor, causin! ne!ative feedbac4 on, fonorepinephrine. <hen N is released into the synapse, it feeds bac4 on the causin! less N release fro) the presynaptic neuron. This decreases the e There are also 7 receptors on the nerve ter)inal )e)brane of the post-syadrener!ic neuron.

There are K hi!hly ho)olo!ous subtypes of 7 receptors 7, 7, and 7

=pecific actions of the 7 receptor include

inhibition of insulin release in the pancreas.

induction of !luca!on release fro) the pancreas.

contraction of sphincters of the !astrointestinal tract

ne!ative feedbac4 in the neuronal synapses - presynaptic inhibition of noradrelease in CN=

increased thro)bocyte a!!re!ation



Process

α1-receptor

(IP3, DAG)

α2-receptor

(↓ cAMP)

β1receptor

(↑ cAMP)

β2-receptor

(↑ cAMP)

Caro!"dra

te

#etao$is#

liver

!lyco!enolysi

s

No eect No eect

liver)usc!lyco!enoly

liver

!luconeo!e

!lyco!enesi%at

#etao$is#&o e'ect ↓ $ipo$"sis

↑

$ipo$"sis&o e'ect

or#onesecretion

No eect insulinsecretion

No eect insulin ansecretion



The naturally occurrin! catechola)ines, epinephrine and norepinep)aQor inDuence on cardiovascular ho)eostasis includin! re!ulation function and control of arterial blood pressure.

+ 7+ 8+ ?+

+

0+

*++

*0+

7++

70+

K++

K0+

8++

Chart Title

8?7+*8

Nu)ber #f =tatistical Points

S Calibration SU+.8 5u)9

ti)e

)ean intensity



Any questions?

Referance-*Wikipedia

*Culture of animal cells by R.Ian

Freshney

Presentation on HeLa Cells1

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