PRESENTATION ON NUTRITION AND HEALTH

Submitted By:Shubham Sharma

Introduction

Your body needs to stay healthy, and the key thing for health is nutrition.Nutrition is defined as the science of food and its relationship to health. It is concerned primarily with the part played by the nutrients in the body growth, development and maintenance.The word Nutrient or food factor is used for specific dietary constituents such as proteins, vitamins and minerals.

Classification of foodsClassification by origin:• Foods of animal origin• Foods of vegetable origin

Classification by chemical composition:• Proteins• Fats• Carbohydrates• Vitamins• Minerals

Different Types of Nutrients• Proteins( Meat, Fish, Beans, Dairy products)• Carbohydrates( Whole Wheat, Grains, Potato)• Minerals• Fats• And the most important water

Nutrients• Organic and inorganic complexes contained in food are called nutrients. They are

broadly divided into:• Macronutrients: -proteins -fats -carbohydrates

• Micronutrients: -vitamins -minerals

Proteins• Large Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen• One molecule of protein is made of smaller units (building blocks)

called amino acids.• Your body only needs 20 amino acids to produce thousands of protein

cells.

Functions of Proteins• Body Building• It repairs and maintains the body tissues• It maintains osmotic pressure

Carbohydrates• Main sources of energy for your body.• The atoms are held together by energy. When the carbohydrate is broken down,

this energy is released for your body.• There are three types of carbohydrates: sugar, starch and fiber. Sugar is a simple

carbohydrate, and starch and fiber are complex carbohydrates.• The carbohydrate reserve (glycogen) of a human adult is about 500g. This reserve

is rapidly exhausted when a man is fasting. If the dietary carbohydrates do not meet the energy needs of the body, protein and glycerol from dietary and endogenous sources are used by the body to maintain glucose homeostasis.

Minerals• Minerals are inorganic nutrients (nutrients that lack carbon and cause many

chemical reaction in your body).• About 20 minerals are used in your body. • Minerals send nerve impulses, build cells, regulate chemical reactions in cells,

and carry oxygen to body cells.

Vitamins

• Vitamins are a class of organic compounds categorized as essential nutrients. They are required by the body in a very small amounts. They fall in the category of micronutrients.• Vitamins are divided in to two groups: fat soluble vitamins- A, D, E and

K and water soluble vitamins: vitamins of the B-group and vitamin C. • There are two groups of vitamins: Water Soluble and Fat Soluble.

Water soluble vitamins dissolve in water, so they are not stored in your body. This means you have to take them daily. Fat soluble vitamins are dissolved ONLY in fat.

Fats• Fats are NOT negative. In fact, they provide energy and help your

body absorb vitamins.• One gram of fat releases almost twice as much as energy than one

gram of carbohydrate does!• Two group of fats: saturated and unsaturated. Unsaturated fats are

liquid at room temperature, and saturated fats are solids in room temperature. Also, saturated fats have been associated with high levels of blood cholesterol.

Water• Water is essential. Different organisms need different amounts of

water to survive!• The human body is about 60% water. You r body loses water by

perspiration. When you exhale, you lose water as water vapor. Then, your nerves send a signal to your brain for water. This is why you feel thirsty.

Calories• If it wants to perform ANY activity, your body needs energy. That

energy comes from food. The energy available in food is measured in Calories. • For example there is a big difference in the amount of calories a slice

of pizza and a carrot contains. One gives more nutrition, and the other gives more energy.

Cereals• Cereals (e.g. rice, wheat) constitute the bulk of the daily diet. Rice is

the staple food of more than half the human race. Next to rice, wheat is the most important cereal. Maize ranks next to rice and wheat in world consumption. Maize is also used as food for cattle and poultry because it is rich in fat, besides being cheaper than rice or wheat.

Conclusion• This lecture deals with the basic nutrients which include proteins,

carbohydrate, fats, vitamins and minerals. • The last slide show the practical application of how the nutrients are

present in our daily food and that to what percent cereals are necessary a food.