Cloud ComputingAs

Future Computing Environment

Bijit GhoshHeritage Institute Of Technology.

Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering

Outline Introduction Architecture & Layers

Key Facts Risk and Security Applications Future

If you need milk, would you buy a Cow?

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What is Cloud and Cloud Computing?

CloudDemand resources or services over Internet scale and reliability ofdata center.

What is Cloud and Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically

scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a serve over the Internet.

Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.

Not to be confused with..

Grid Computing: A form of distributed computing. Cluster of loosely coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks.

Utility Computing: Packaging of computing resources such as computing power, storage, also a metered services.

Grid Computing in brief Share Computers and data Evolved to harness inexpensive computers in Data center to solve variety of problems Harness power of loosely coupled computers to solve a technical or mathematical problem Used in commercial applications for drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis

and back-office Small to big

• Can be confined to a corporation• Large public collaboration across many companies and networks

Most grid solutions are built on• Computer Agents• Resource Manager• Scheduler

Compute grids• Batch up jobs• Submit the job to the scheduler, specifying requirements and SLA(specs) required for

running the job• Scheduler matches specs with available resources and schedules the job to be run• Farms could be as large as 10K cpus

Most financial firms has grids like this Grids lack automation, agility, simplicity and SLA guarantees

Utility Computing (UC) Computing resources (CPU hour, memory, network) and

platform to run software are provided as on demand service• Think electricity service

The same evolution happened• Hardware as a service (HaaS), Infrastructure as a service (IaaS),

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Examples of UC providers: Amazon EC2, Google

AppEngine … Who will use UC? Is UC the end of high-end PC?

• People who otherwise has to build their own data center: SaaS providers, analytics & batch processing

Are You Ready For a Ride?

History of Cloud Computing Evolved over a period of time Roots traced back to Application Service Providers

in the 1990’s Parallels to SaaS Evolved from Utility computing and is a broader

concept

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Why We Use Cloud Computing

Write a file -> Save -> Computer downFile is lost

Files are always stored in cloud, never lost.

Characteristic of Cloud Computing

Empowerment Agility API Cost Device and location dependence Virtualization Multi-Tenancy On demand

The Architecture of Cloud Computing

Cloud Anatomy

Services on demand

Resources on demand

Physical assets as services

Cloud Computing in three levels

Application in the cloud• This is what almost everyone has already

used in the form of Gmail , Yahoo mail, wordpress.com, etc.

Platform in the cloud• Developers write their application to a

more or less open specification and then upload their code into the cloud where the app is run magically somewhere.

Infrastructure in the cloud

• Developers and system administrators obtain general compute, storage, queuing, and other resources and run their applications with the fewest limitations.

• This is the post powerful type of cloud in that virtually any application and any configuration.

Application Services(services on demand)

• Gmail, GoogleCalender• Payroll, HR, CRM etc.• Sugarm CRM, IBM Lotus Live

Platform Services (resources on demand)• Middleware, Intergation, Messaging,

Information, connectivity etc• AWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron,

Google Appengine

Infrastructure as services(physical assets as services)• IBM Blue house, VMware, Amazon EC2, • Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun Para scale and more

Cloud Computing in 5 layers

Client:A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or software that relies on cloud computing for application delivery. Ex., PC, NB, mobile phones.

Application:Cloud application service or "Software as a Service (SaaS)" delivers software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

Platform:Platform as a Service (Papas) delivers a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.

Infrastructure:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment as a service.

Server:The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.

What is new in Cloud Computing? The illusion of infinite computing resources The elimination of an up-front commitment by users The ability to use and pay on demand

Outline Introduction Architecture & Layers Key Facts Risk and Security

Applications Future

One Key Spirit of CLOUD COMPUTING

Key Spirit of Cloud

Everything as a Service

Anytime

Anywhere

With any Devices

Accessing services

Cloud Computing=~ Network Computing

One Key Spirit of CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud Computing=~ Network Computing

Software as a service

Platform as a service

Infrastructure as a service

ServicesWhat is “as a service”?

Low barriers to entry• making them available to small businesses.

Large scalability Multi tenancy• allows resources to be shared by many users.

Device independence• which allows users to access the systems on

different hardware

ServicesCloud Computing Services

Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)• Amazon EC2• Go Grid

Platform as a Service(PaaS)• Right Scale

Software as a Service(SaaS)• Salesforce.com• Sales force for Google Apps

Cloud Services Can Be Divided Into 3 Stacks

Infrastructure As a Service(IaaS)

IaaS is sometimes also called Hardware as a Service (HaaS).

Just offers the hardware for customers to rent• Server space• Network equipment• Memory• CPU cycles• Storage space

Infrastructure As a Service(IaaS)

IaaS involves several pieces:• Service level agreements • Computer hardware • Network • Internet connectivity• Platform virtualization environment• Utility computing billing

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

PaaS• Supplies all the resources required to build applications and

services completely from the Internet• Without having to download or install software

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

PaaS services include • Application design• Development• Testing• Deployment• Hosting

PaaS is normally based on• HTML• JavaScript

to help the creation of user interfaces

Software as a Service(SaaS)

Software as a Service• An application is hosted as a service• The customer does not have to maintain it or support off-

site software

Software as a Service(SaaS)

Some of SaaS applications include• Customer resource management (CRM)• Video conferencing• IT service management• Accounting• Web analytics• Web content management

Benefits of SaaS• Familiarity with the World Wide Web .• Smaller staff IT • Better marketing • Web reliability• Security

Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud+ =

Types of Cloud..

Public Cloud Open for use by general public

• Exist beyond firewall, fully hosted and managed by the vendor

• Individuals, corporations and others• Amazon's Web Services and Google appEngine

are examples Offers startups and SMB’s quick setup,

scalability, flexibility and automated management. Pay as you go model helps startups to start small and go big

Within the boundaries(firewall) of the organization All advantages of public cloud with one major difference• Reduce operation costs• Has to be managed by the enterprise

Fine grained control over resources More secure as they are internal to organization Schedule and reshuffle resources based on business demands Ideal for apps related to tight security and regulatory concerns Development requires hardware investments and in-house

expertise Cost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public clouds

Private Cloud

Hybrid Cloud

A Hybrid cloud is a composition of at least one Private Cloud and at least one Public Cloud. A hybrid cloud is typically offered in one of two ways:

A vendor has a private cloud and forms a partnership with a public cloud provider.

A public cloud provider forms a partnership with a vendor that provides private cloud platforms.

Risk and Problems

Attacks targeting share-tenancy Environment

VM-based Malware

Launch Pad for brute force and other attacks

Data availability (Business Continuity)

Risk Analysis Approach

Cloud Security

Claims Based Authentication A trusted authority issues a signed

security token containing a set of claims which is given to the application for validation.

The application will authenticate the user if the security token is valid and signed by a trusted issuer.

Outline Introduction Architecture & Layers Key Facts Risk and Security Applications Future

Commercial Cloud

3Tera

NetSuite

IBM

Joyent

Salesforce.com

VMware

Amazon

Microsoft

Rackspace

Google

Top 10 Cloud Computing Service Providers of 2011

India based Cloud Computing Service Providers

Zenith InfoTechCloud Type: IaaS

Mumbai

Synapse IndiaCloud Type: IaaS + on Demand SaaS Bengaluru

Infosys TechnologiesCloud Type: SaaS

Chennai

Orange ScapeCloud Type: PaaS

Reliance Data CenterCloud Type: SaaS + PaaS + IaaS

Wipro TechnologiesCloud Type: SaaS

TCSCloud Type: SaaS + IaaS

Cloud Computing Offerings

Bare Operating System

Web or Portal Infrastructure

Application

Web Services

Database Services

Customizable Application Services

Cloud Offering Examples

Bare Operating System- RackspaceCloud.com

Formerly Mosso, a division of Rackspace

Provides various Linux distributions

Also supports “Sites”• Web server, both Linux and Windows• O/S managed by hosting Service

Cloud Offering Examples

Web or Portal Infrastructure- Microsoft

SharePoint online

Rich Portal capabilities• Excel Services• Forms Services• Visio Services• Access Services• Business Data Services• Search Services

Cloud Offering Examples

Applications- Google Apps.

Prebuilt, fully functional applications

• Mail• Calendar• Word Processing• Dynamic Web pages

Cloud Offering ExamplesWeb Services- Amazon

Amazon EC2 and S3• EC2-Elastic Compute Cloud• S3-Simple Storage Services

Resizable Compute Capability• Auto Scaling- Allocate Resources Based on

Definable Conditions

Development Environments• IBM sMASH• Jboss Enterprise Application Platform• Ruby on Rails

Cloud Offering Examples

Database - Zoho’s CloudSQL Cloud based relational database

Cloud Offering Examples

Customizable Application Services – force.com

Mobile Device Integration

Google Android

Google APIs add-on• extends your Android SDK to give your applications

access to Google libraries such as Maps.Android Cloud to Device Messaging

• a service that allows you to send lightweight messages from your application server to an Android application on a device.

Other Mobile Device Integration Providers

Adobe AIR• a cross-operating system runtime• lets developers combine HTML, Ajax, Adobe Flash®, and

Adobe Flex® technologies to deploy rich Internet applications (RIAs) on the desktop

Apple iPhone SDK• includes a complete set of development tools for creating

applications for iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch. Microsoft Online

Future - Industry Predictions

Companies began switching from hardware to cloud services because they were attracted to benefits like a reduction in capital costs as well as an easing in IT staffing issues.

According to projections by Century Link, by 2015, the world will see a four-fold increase in the amount of data being created and replicated. And once all of that data comes into being, you need a way to store it all securely and allow end-users to access it efficiently.

Future – Blogger’s Predictions

Lauren C. State 1 of d cloud blogger:

• Cloud computing will allow everybody to be a service provider.

• Employees will be able to use any device to access, transact and manage their work.

• There will be a security breach in 2012 that will force organizations to rethink how they secure their data and applications.

• A new class of real time, personalized service providers will emerge.

• In Africa, the convergence of social, mobile and cloud will emerge as critical tools for governments to deliver services and drive economic growth.

SummaryThe use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:

It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.

Cloud computing works using economies of scale:• It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies,

as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.

• Cost would be by on-demand pricing. • Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an

ongoing revenue stream.

Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.

SummaryIn parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:

Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:

The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market.

Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return

to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data.

Security could prove to be a big issue:• It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these

services ownership of data is not always clear.

There are also issues relating to policy and access: • If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to? • What happens if the remote server goes down? • How will you then access files?

Summary

REFERENCES http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=488&tag=btxcsim http://blogs.zdnet.com/Howlett/?p=558&tag=btxcsim http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9560&tag=btxcsim http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008082_445669

_page_3.htm http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/0904_amrhein/09

04_amrhein.html http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/ http://code.google.com/appengine/ http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Cloud_Computing http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-mea

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Questions?

Thank You!