Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1)...
-
Upload
milo-stevenson -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1)...
![Page 1: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on
Coastal Adaptation Technologies(FCCC/TP/1999/1)
UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative
ProcessCebu, Philippines, 17-19 January 2000
Dr Stephen PeakeUNFCCC Secretariat
![Page 2: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies(FCCC/TP/1999/1)
Transfer of Technology Regional Workshop, Cebu
17-19 January 2000
![Page 3: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline of Presentation
• Background and introduction
• Needs, concerns, how coastal adaptation technologies are transferred, barriers: a Pacific Island perspective
• Coastal adaptation technology transfer: an IHE perspective
![Page 4: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Secretariat activities related to adaptation technologies
• Amsterdam meeting 1997
• Overview paper (FCCC/TP1997/1)
• Series of sectoral papers
• First is coastal adaptation technologies
![Page 5: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Goal of the UNFCCC technical paper on
coastal adaptation technologies • What coastal adaptation technologies are
available/needed to respond to sea level rise and its associated effects?
• Identify options to accelerate the development and transfer of sustainable coastal adaptation technologies to coastal nations and small island states
![Page 6: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
UNFCCC expert meeting on coastal adaptation technologies, Germany,
March 22-23 1999• Study involved inputs from over 20 coastal
engineers
• Expert meeting included 11 participants from 9 countries: Argentina, Barbados, China, Fiji, Netherlands, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, UK, US (IPCC Lead Author)
![Page 7: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
UNFCCC expert meeting on coastal adaptation technologies, Germany,
March 22-23 1999
![Page 8: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What’s in the technical paper?
• Description of technologies
• Technology needs
• How coastal adaptation technologies are transferred
• Barriers
• Options
![Page 9: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sustainable Coastal Adaptation Technology Development and
Transfer
• The project cycle is the key pathway for the development and transfer of sustainable coastal adaptation technologies
• National funds, bank loans and international aid are the main sources of finance for coastal projects
![Page 10: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Five Characteristics of Sustainable Coastal Adaptation Technology
Development and Transfer • sound understanding of coastal processes
• coastal zone plans and decisions in place
• ‘best practice’ project cycle undertaken
• local/regional capacity building enhanced
• longer term collaborations achieved between finance providers, government, and the private sector
![Page 11: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Various stakeholders can help accelerate the development and transfer of sustainable coastal
adaptation technologies• Development banks, other loan providers
and aid agencies
• Intergovernmental Organisations
• National, regional and local government
• Universities
• Private Sector
• Non-governmental Organisations
![Page 12: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Status of institutional capacities to support sustainable coastal
adaptation technology development and transfer
• Few institutions in Africa, Caribbean, Latin America, South Pacific, Developing Asia
• Few international/regional centres
• Challenge is to find ways to boost institutional capacities for sustainable engineering within a network of enhanced centres of coastal zone management
![Page 13: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sea Level Rise: The IPCC’s Second Assessment
• Global mean sea level is expected to rise in the order of 20 to 86 cm by 2100 (assuming the IS92a emissions scenario)
• Big uncertainties• Spectrum of adaptation options:
retreat (managed); accommodate; and protect
• …but not just SLR
![Page 14: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Coastal Adaptation Technologies:A Pacific Island Perspective
• Concerns of Pacific SIDS
• Needs - local and regional
• How are coastal adaptation technologies transferred?
• Barriers to the transfer of coastal adaptation technologies
![Page 15: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Concerns - Environment and People • Population, industries and infrastructure
located along the coast.
• Communities and infrastructure are highly susceptible to ASLR.
• Pacific SIDS are small, flat, low lying, geological young, affected by frequent natural hazards and face severe erosion problems: THEY ARE VULNERABLE.
![Page 16: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Concerns - Expertise and Finance
• Pool of local expertise, knowledgeable of local conditions are few.
• Retention of technically trained staff is low.
• Pacific SIDS are largely developing nations, with restricted capital flow and finance.
![Page 17: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pacific SIDS Needs - Data and Training
• Fill gaps in local database on baseline conditions: natural and man-made, e. g. SOPAC- GEF proposal .
• Understand the local, natural and built environment.
• Capacity building and institutional strengthening; develop local awareness.
• Create local institutions/departments for addressing local/regional problems.
![Page 18: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pacific Needs - Funding & Collaboration
• Seek funding for basic research on the local and regional problems e.g. SOPAC-GEF proposal .
• Seek collaborative technical efforts with assistance of countries with a tradition of coastal engineering/ICZM.
• Develop local/appropriate technology, e. g. SOPAC-GEF proposal .
![Page 19: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How are coastal adaptation technologies transferred?
• Through externally funded (bi- and multi-lateral aid) projects, consultancies collaborative research and development.
• University and technical training: privately funded studies, scholarships and fellowship programs.
• Donor agencies and institutions.
![Page 20: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Barriers to Transfer - Ownership and Priority
• Ownership of the project.
• Not always perceived as a priority.
![Page 21: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Barriers to Transfer -Information and Technology
• Lack of information and awareness.
• Lack of or inappropriate technology.
• Poor or inadequate institutional capacity.
![Page 22: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Barriers to Transfer - Socio-Economic Factors
• Social and cultural preferences: peoples perception of appropriate solutions.
• Economic/financial problems.
• Legal framework.
![Page 23: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Basic problems in Technology Transfer
• Coastal problems are issue driven, therefore focus on symptoms, and not on causes
• Basic training on understanding processes
![Page 24: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Climate change aggravates existing problems
• Climate change is usually blamed for coastal problems
• But often the problem is an uncontrolled development at an eroding coastline
• The Bali example
• …directions of winds and waves and ultimately coasts
![Page 25: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chronic erosion vs. Acute erosion
• Chronic erosion is caused by gradients in longshore transport, by rise of the sea level; so by structural processes
• Acute erosion is caused by storms, sometimes even cause flooding; however the original situation will recover
![Page 26: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Acute Erosion
![Page 27: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
“Once and for all” solutions
• These do not exist
• So you need local capabilities to maintain your protection in a sustainable way
• The major mistake is trying to solve chronic erosion with solutions against acute erosion
![Page 28: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Prevention is better than cure
• Integrated approach is needed
• You need to know on beforehand what is the consequence of your decision
• Often “doing nothing” is a not acceptable option, and therefore sustainable protection is part of the job
![Page 29: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Local tasks to be executed
• Recognition of the problem
• Data collection
• Integrated approach
• Supervising work contracted out
• Construction of small initial works
• Supervision of maintenance work
• Execution of maintenance work
![Page 30: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Work which can be contracted out
• Detailed hydro-morphological analysis
• Overall design of protection schemes
• Design of initial works
• Construction of large initial works
![Page 31: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Capabilities needed
• Focus should be on tasks to be executed locally
• This implies focus on integration, supervision and data collection
• This implies less focus on– detailed and advanced design– execution of large works– fundamental research activities
![Page 32: Presentation of the UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies (FCCC/TP/1999/1) UNFCCC Regional Workshop on Transfer of Technology Consultative.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649ea75503460f94baa716/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
UNFCCC Technical Paper on Coastal Adaptation Technologies on the web
• Go to www.unfccc.de; then
• go to “programmes”; then
• go to “technology”; then
• click on the technical paper