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    Gender refers to the social roles,responsibilities, and behaviour created in our

    families, our societies and our cultures. Theconcept of gender also includes theexpectations held about the characteristics,aptitudes and likely behaviour of both womenand men (femininity and masculinity). For

    example: Men as income earners, andWomen as child caregivers.

    These roles and expectations are learnt andpassed on from one generation to the next. It is

    not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixedforever - they can be changed to achieve equityand equality for both women and men

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    Education should aim at the balanced growth of the totalpersonality of man through training of the human spirit ,

    intellect, rational self, feelings and senses. Thetraining imparted to a muslim must be such that faith isinfused into the whole of his personality and creates in himan emotional attachment to Islam and enables him tofollow the quran and sunnah and be governed by the

    Islamic system of values willing fully and joyfully so that hemay proceed to the realization ofhis status askhalifatullah to whom Allah has promise the authority ofthe universe.

    The aim of education for islamic society is nothing but toshape the behaviour of the young so that they may beable to shoulder the responsibility ofamr bil ma'ruf wanah lil munkar.

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    In ancient Greece, the Spartans used

    a formal school to system to instillinto their young men the idea ofabsolute obedience to their militarycommanders, extreme courage and

    resistance to pain as well as whatwere, for the time, some of the mostadvanced notions of military strategy.

    The young women were trained inthe domestic arts and motherhood

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    Ensuring gender equality for girlsand boys means that they have

    equal opportunities to enter school,as well as to participate in, andbenefit from the range of subjectsor other learning experiencesoffered in classrooms and schools.

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    According to psychologist Abraham Maslow,children need to feel a sense of safety and

    security as well as a feeling of love andbelongingness to meet their hierarchy of

    needs. If the child does not feel safe in school orloved at school, these can contribute to

    underachievement.

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    Inside school

    Learning styles

    Motivation

    Generalcommunication skills

    and emotionalexpression

    Boys attendance islower

    An inappropriatecurriculum

    Peer influence

    Outside school

    Familybreakdown andchanges

    Socio-economicstatus

    The influence ofmass media

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    Exchange ofroles between

    men andwomen

    Cause avariety of

    socislproblems

    National aspirationto have 70 million

    people by the year2100 is difficult to

    achieve

    The issue of

    shortage of malestudents becomemore acute in theuniversity / higherlevel of education

    Young men involvedin negative activitieswere arrested and

    admitted torehabilitation centersand juvenile prisons

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    SOLUTIONS

    SINGLE-SEX

    SCHOOLSFOR BOYS

    PEDAGOGICAPPROACHES

    PUBLICAWARENESS

    CAMPAIGN &IMAGEBOOSTING

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    UNIQUE LEARNING STYLE- Give an opportunity todiscover his/her learning

    style

    PERSONAL INTEREST- We all have an interest that

    can hold our fascination, whenthis desire is stimulated, weeagerly invest time and moneyto develop that interest.

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    - Recognise the differences between the broad range of

    boys they have and the different needs that they may

    have.- Understand what motivates boys and the approaches

    that exist that will enable boys motivation to increase.

    - Develop different ways in which boys can recognise that

    they are learning and different approaches that enable

    boys to see that they are building a skills as well as a

    knowledge base.

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    1) Motivating students before the lesson

    Hadith :

    Abu huraira said that a man entered the mosque when the

    prophet was sitting in it and prayed. He then came andsaid, "Peace be upon you," and the prophet replied, "andupon you be peace, go back and pray, for you have notprayed." he returned and prayed, and then came and said," peace be upon you." to which he replied, " and upon you

    be peace, go back and pray, for you have not prayed." onthe third and the fourth occasion he said " teach me,messenger of Allah

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    2) Drawing student's attention towards the lesson

    (10)O You who believe! Shall I guide you to a commerce that will saveyou from a painful torment.

    (11)That you believe in Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad ), and thatyou strive hard and fight in the Cause of Allah with your wealth andyour lives, that will be better for you, if you but know!

    (12)(If you do so) He will forgive you your sins, and admit you intoGardens under which rivers flow, and pleasant dwelling in Gardens of'Adn - Eternity ['Adn (Edn) Paradise], that is indeed the great success.

    (13)And also (He will give you) another (blessing) which you love, helpfrom Allah (against your enemies) and a near victory. And give gladtidings

    (O Muhammad ) to the believers.

    As-Saff : 10

    Ar-Rahman :3-4

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    3) Explanation and Analysis of thecontent

    4) Receptivity to instruction

    5) Gradation and continuity in education6) Techniques for covering the lesson

    - Repetition

    - Questioning- Discussion

    - Note taking

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    7) DisciplineThe purpose of discipline is to make studens familiar withthe restrains considered essential for the growth andpromotion of learning..so that they may willingly adopt thedesirable behavior of their own accord.And by the Mercy of Allah, you dealt with them gently. And

    had you been severe and harsh-hearted, they would havebroken away from about you; so pass over (their faults),and ask (Allah's) Forgiveness for them; and consult them inthe affairs. Then when you have taken a decision, put yourtrust in Allah, certainly, Allah loves those who put theirtrust (in Him).

    { Ali-Imran : 159 }In islam the entire process of education is based on love,compassion and well-wishing. The disciplinary punishmentis not suggested but very exceptional.

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    Men are the protectors and maintainers ofwomen,because Allah has made one of them to excel theother, and because they spend (to support them) fromtheir means.

    Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to

    Allah and to their husbands), and guard in thehusband's absence what Allah orders them to guard (e.g. their

    chastity, their husband's property, etc.).

    As to those women on whose part you see ill-conduct, admonish

    them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beatthem (lightly, if it is useful), but if they return to obedience,

    seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allahis Ever Most High, Most Great.

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    Books1. David Matheson,An Introduction to the Study of Education,

    Second edition, David Fulton Publishers(2004), p

    2. Dr. Zafar Alam, Islamic Education Theory& Practice, AdamPublisher & Distributors(2003), India, p 44 & 163-210.

    3. Abdul Rahman I. Doi, Women in Syariah, Fifth edition,(2006)Malaysia, p 9 & 139.

    Internet

    1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role

    2. http://www.iris.org.nz/women.php

    3. http://www.dar-us-salam.com/TheNobleQuran/index.html

    4. http://www.boysdevelopmentproject.org.uk

    5. http://www.theschoolrun.com

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_rolehttp://www.iris.org.nz/women.phphttp://www.boysdevelopmentproject.org.uk/http://www.boysdevelopmentproject.org.uk/http://www.iris.org.nz/women.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role