Presentation blood disoreder
-
Upload
aanshika -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
92 -
download
0
Transcript of Presentation blood disoreder
![Page 1: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Seminar Topic:"ORAL ASPECTS OF BLOOD "ORAL ASPECTS OF BLOOD
DISORDERS"DISORDERS"Presented by :
Aanshika TiwariAanshika TiwariJR-1
![Page 2: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ORAL ASPECTORAL ASPECTof of
BLOOD DISORDERSBLOOD DISORDERS
![Page 3: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BLOODBLOODBlood is type of liquid connective tissue.Total Blood volume makes of 6-8% of the body's weight.
BLOOD COMPOSITIONBLOOD COMPOSITIONLiquid plasma (55-60%)Formed element (40-45%) - it include :
RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS
![Page 4: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ANEMIA - abnormal reduction in number of RBCClassification
According to etiology -1. Loss of blood -
acute or chronic post nemorrhagic anemia.2. Excessive destruction of RBCs
* extracorpuscular causes- Infection- Drugs- Trauma to RBC* Intracorpuscular causes- Hereditary- Aquired
DISEASE OF RBCDISEASE OF RBC
![Page 5: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3. Impaired blood production- Iron deficiency- Vit B12 deficiency
4. Inadequate production of mature RBCs- a plastic anemia- Leukemia- Sarcomas
![Page 6: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIAIRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA* Chronic, microcytic hypochromic* Occurs either due to inadequate absorption
or excessive loss of iron form the body. Clinical Manifestation
- Fatigue - Lack of energy- Palpitation- Pallor of skin - Spoon shape Nail- Brittle hair and nail
![Page 7: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
One Manifestation-- Pallor of oral mucosa and gingiva - Glossopyrosis - Glossodynia- Dysphagia- Angular chalets- Smooth tongueA manifestation of iron deficiency anemia is Plummer Vinson syndrome.
![Page 8: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DIAGNOSIS-Reduced hemoglobin levelTotal RBC deceased.MCV, MCH, MCHC-reduced.
Management-Iron supplement3-4 tablet/day - 6 month
![Page 12: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
-- Also called - Addison's AnemiaAlso called - Addison's AnemiaPrimary anemiaPrimary anemia
-- Impaired RBC maturation, insufficientImpaired RBC maturation, insufficientvit B12 due to defective intrinsic factor. vit B12 due to defective intrinsic factor.
Clinical feature- Clinical feature- Males>FemaleMales>Female
Fatigue, pallor, vomiting, dyspneaFatigue, pallor, vomiting, dyspneaHeadache, weight loss, dry, yellow skin.Headache, weight loss, dry, yellow skin.Tingling sensation in hand and feet Tingling sensation in hand and feet
Pernicious AnemiaPernicious Anemia
![Page 13: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Oral Manifestation -Oral Manifestation -
Glossitis.Glossitis.Beefy Red tongueBeefy Red tongueXerostomiaXerostomiaHunter’s glossitisHunter’s glossitis
![Page 14: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
DIAGNOSIS-DIAGNOSIS- Decreased total WBCDecreased total WBC
Decreased total RBCDecreased total RBCelevated MCV, MCHCelevated MCV, MCHCBlood smear show - Hyper chromic Blood smear show - Hyper chromic Macrocytic RBCMacrocytic RBCSchilling's testSchilling's test
TreatmentTreatment- Vit B12- 100 mg IM- 30 days- Vit B12- 100 mg IM- 30 days
![Page 16: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
APLASTIC ANEMIAAPLASTIC ANEMIA- Rare life threatening disease.- Characterised by pancytopenia- Due to lack of bone marrow activity.Etiology-Infection
Radiation Drugs & Chemical
Clinical Features- No age predilection Occurs in young adultWeakness, headache, dyspneaFatigue, tendency to bleeding, InfectionSevere/fatal hemorrhages.
![Page 17: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ORAL MANIFESTATION-PetechiaeEcchymosisPurpuric spotSpontaneous gingival bleedingGingival hyperplasia
![Page 18: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Diagnosis: RBC below 1 million/mm3WBC 2000/mm3Platelet below 20,000/mm3
Management-ATG is treatment of choice10-20mg/kg diluted in 500 ml normal
saline I.V over 4-6 hours once a day for 10 consecutive days.
Prednisone 40 mg
![Page 20: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAHEMOLYTIC ANEMIADue to increased hemolysis in body.Causes - Arsenic, lead like metal
Erythroblastic fetalis Clinical features- Pallor, weakness
Jaundice, ulcersDyspnea.
Oral manifestation-Discoloration of teethPallor oral mucosa.
![Page 21: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Diagnosis- Hemoglobin level reducedRBC survived Rate- 12 dayUnconjugated serum bilirubin
raised fecal urobilinogen-raised.
Treatment - Blood transfusionFolic acid.
![Page 22: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rare disorder associated with pancytopenia, bone marrow hyperplasia, congenital anomalies.
Clinical feature- Common in children Brown pigmentation of
skin Hyperplasia of liver &
spleen Microcepahly, squint
Mental Retardation
FANCONI'S ANEMIAFANCONI'S ANEMIA
![Page 23: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
One Manifestation- Gingival bleeding Frequent oral cavity Infection.
Diagnosis- Pancytopenia Congenital anomaly Same as of aplastic
anemic
Management - Antithrombolytic agent.
![Page 24: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In patient with anemia that is or was associated with stomach ulceration apirin and NSAIDS should be avoided.
Infection has to be managed with local and systemic measures including appropriate dental treatment,antibiotic and surgical procedure
![Page 25: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SIKCLE CELL ANEMIAInherited defect in synthesis of hemoglobin and RBC assume a crescent shape.
Clinical feature- Pallor, loss of appetite ,Jaundice
Loss of consciousnessfever swelling of joint
Oral Manifestation- Yellowish mucosa
Paraesthesia Decreased bone density
![Page 26: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Diagnosis- Total RBC count decreased
Hb% - decreased
•Management-prophylactic penicillin therapy-indicated for patient age of 6 month -6 years•Folate replacement •To treat sickle crisis i.v fluids oxygen and antibiotic are given.
![Page 28: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THALASSEMIA•Cooley anemia • mediterranean hemolytic disorder
• Chronic, inherited hemolytic disorer characterized by fragile RBC called as "target cells“
* Their is insufficient synthesis of α & β chain of Hemoglobin.
![Page 29: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Clinical feature- Commonly detected in two years of life Jaundice Fever chills anemiaHepatosplenomegalyChipmunk facies Mongoloid facies
![Page 30: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Diagnosis- thin RBC Safety pin cell WBC raised
Treatment -Blood transfusion Splenectomy,
Chelating agent
![Page 33: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
POLYCYTHEMIA
Abnormal increase in the number of RBCs.Type-
Polycythemia vera Ralative polycythemia Secondary ploycythemia
![Page 34: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
POLYCYTHEMIA VERAAlso called as- Osters disease. Polycythemia rubra
veraExcess of RBC'sClinical features- Middle age
Dyspnea, dizzinessTinnitus Weight lossExcessive sweating
Skin appear flushed Spleen palpable Veins dark burning of hand & feet
![Page 35: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
One Manifestation- Purplish red discoloration of eyes,oral mucosa,gingiva and tongue.
Profuse bleeding gingiva
ruddy cyanosis.
![Page 36: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Diagnosis - RBC count 8-12 million/mm³Hemoglobin- 18-20g/100mlPlatelet count increased
Treatment -Venesection Radioactive phosphorus
![Page 38: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
Congenital hemolytic anemia of new born which occur due to Rh incompatibility.Pathogenesis- If mother is Rh negative but fetus is Rh-positive, then the mother's blood can develop antibodies against Rh factor of fetus.Oral Manifestation- Black, brown
Discoloration of deciduous teethEnamel hyperplasia - ring likedefect termed as - Rh-hump.
![Page 39: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
WBC DISORDERSClassification
QuantitativeDecrease in number : Neutroperia
Leuckopenia Increase in number : Lymphocytosis
Neutrophillia Granulocytosis
Qualitative : Lazy lucocyte syndromeChediak-Higasi SyndromeLymphomaLeukemia
![Page 40: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Neutropenia reduced number of neutrophills
May be mild Moderate, Severe
Etiology- Infection Drugs like - sulfonamide Chloramphenicol deficiancy of vit B12
![Page 41: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Clinical feature-Women > Man high fever, sore throat,
necrotic ulcerationOral manifestation - Excessive Salivation
Oral ulcer, gingivitis and gingival ulceration
Diagnosis Reduced WBC
Management- Removal of cause, Antibiotic
![Page 42: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
Loss of function of neutrophil
Clinical feature : Apparent at age of 1 -2 years stomatitis bronchitis otitis media periodontitis.
Management : Antibiotic to control the infection
![Page 43: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Chedak- Higashi Syndrome-
Congenital defect of granulocyte
Clinical feature-Albinism Recurrent infection HepatosplenomegalyLymph-node enlargement
Oral Manifestation: Ulceration, Gingivitis, Peiodontitis Management : Antibiotic
Ascorbic acid
![Page 44: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
LEUKEMIASMalignant disease of blood forming organincreased WBC.It account 8% of all human cancer.
Etiology - Radiation Chemicals Chromosomal abnormality Immune deficiency
Classification : Acute Leukemia Chronic Leukemia
![Page 45: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Clinical Feature: aged between 2-4 yrs or above 65 year
M > F Fatigue, headache Weight loss Lymphadenopathy
pain
![Page 46: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Oral Manifestation - Gingival hyperplasia MucositisInterdental papillae
enlargementOsteomyelitisHemorrhage Necrotic ulcerOral infection Numb chin syndrome
![Page 47: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Diagnosis- WBC - Low Platelet low,
Hemoglobin low Chest X-ray- mediastinal
involvement Treatment- Chemotherapy Blood transfusion
![Page 50: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
Clinical feature- 40-70 year, M > F Site- skull, clavicle, jaw,
bleeding tendency pathological fracture
![Page 51: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Oral Manifestation - Mandible > Maxilla Pain, swelling Unexplained mobility of
teethUlceration (red and round) Egg shell creakingTongue enlargement
![Page 52: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Radiographic Feature-Punch-out radiolucencyOral, Cystic Shapethinning of cortical border
Diagnosis- Russell bodies Bence-Jones proteins
Treatment- Chemotherapeutic agent Management of anemia Radiotherapy
![Page 54: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
LYMPHOMAS
Lymphoid tissue malignant neoplasm They are two broad groups - Hodkins lymphoma Non-Hodkins lymphoma
![Page 55: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
NON-HODKINS LYMPHOMAAffects -B- lymphocyte
Type- Nodular, DeffuseClinical feature : Middle aged, M > F
Head and neck are common site Hard palate, buccalVestibule-other internal sitePain, fever, dysphagia, ascites,
Hepatosplenomegaly
![Page 56: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Oral Manifestation- Rare, it present arises from tonsils. Paraesthesia, pain, proliferation of palate.
![Page 57: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
HODKINS LYMPHOMAFirst described by Hodkin in 1832.Rare disorder characterized by RS giant cell in lesionClinical Feature - 15-35 Years
M > F Persistent lymphadenopathy
pain, pruritis, edema,spleen, lung, liver affected
Treatment- Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy
![Page 59: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
BURKITS LYMPHOMAHighly aggressive from of NHL caused of E-Barr Virus Peak incidence in children between 6-9 years
Maxilla > Mandible Rapid growing jaw tumor,Parsthesia Swollen, ulcerated gums.Painless expansile swelling starry sky appearance of macrophages
Radiographically present as large, irregular radiolucent area with moth eaten appearanceChemotherapy is best treatment.
![Page 61: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
PLATELET DISORDERS Purpura Thrombocytosis Clinical features -
PetechiaeEcchymosisEpistexis
Oral Manifestation- eccohymosis & petichiae at hard and soft palate,Gingival bleedingManagement - Corticosteroids
Splenectomy Transfusion
![Page 63: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Hemophilia
A disorder of blood coagulation Results in severely prolonged clotting
time Due to a deficiency in plasma proteins
involved in coagulation
![Page 66: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
ORAL MANIFESTATION
Spontaneous gingival bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymosis
![Page 67: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophilia The bleeding time and PT in
hemophilia are normal; the PTT is prolonged.
Diagnosis involves identifying the missing factor; treatment involves replacing it.
![Page 68: Presentation blood disoreder](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081517/58ac14a31a28ab33178b62cf/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)