COMPONENTS OF AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS

P.S. RANJIT __D.A.E., B.E.(Auto).,

M.E.(Mech/CAD)., Ph.D (Mech).,A.M.I.E., A.M.I.S.T.D., M.I.S.T.E.,

C.Er.,

UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEM & ENERGY STUDIES

DEHRADUN

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Cugnot Steam Tractor • The Cugnot tractor is believed to be the first self-propelled

road vehicle, and thus, the earliest automobile. Powered by steam, the three-wheeled tractor was invented in 1769 by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. It was designed 3

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In the 15th century, Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci envisioned possibilities for power-driven vehicles.

By the late 17th century, English physicist Sir Isaac Newton had proposed a steam carriage, and

by the late 18th century French army captain Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot had actually built one.

By the mid-1800s, the popularity of steam vehicles began to decline because they were dangerous to operate and difficult to maintain. At about the same time, inventors became interested in the internal-combustion engine.

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Horseless Carriage

The original horseless carriage was introduced in 1893 by brothers Charles and Frank Duryea. It was America’s first internal-combustion motor car, and it was followed by Henry Ford’s first experimental car that same year..

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A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen, first built in 1885 and awarded the patent for the concept

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Ford Model T, 1927, regarded as the first affordable American automobile

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Silver GhostOne of the highest-rated early luxury automobiles, the 1909 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost’s features included a quiet 6-cylinder engine, leather interior, folding windscreens and hood, and an aluminum body. Generally driven only by chauffeurs, the emphasis of the luxury car was on comfort and style rather than speed.

De Luxe Sedan • The roomy interior and rear-hinged back door of this 1937

Pontiac De Luxe sedan represent a move toward a car more suited to the needs of families. With these consumers in mind, cars were designed to be convenient, reliable, and relatively inexpensive. Vehicles in the 1930s were generally less boxy and more streamlined than their predecessors. 9

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Studebaker

This 1940 Studebaker Champion two-door sedan was designed by Raymond Loewy and built by Studebaker craftsmen. Features emerging in the 1940s include automatic transmission, sealed-beam headlights, and tubeless tires.

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Gullwing

Powerful high-performance cars such as this 1957 Mercedes-Benz 300SL were built on compact and stylized lines. Also called the Gullwing because its doors open upward into the shape of a gull’s wings, the 300SL was capable of 230 kmh (144 mph), its on-road performance matching its racing capacity.

Mustang

More than 100,000 Ford Mustangs sold during first four months the model was on the market in 1964, making it Ford’s best early sales success since the introduction of the Model T. A vehicle from the “muscle car” category, the Mustang’s popular characteristics included a small, fast design, excellent handling, a powerful engine, and a distinctive look.

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MR-2 Turbo

Modern cars like the Japanese 1992 MR-2 Turbo T-bar Toyota are generally light, aerodynamically shaped, and compact. Japanese imports changed the automobile industry significantly. The generally reliable, inexpensive cars increased competition between manufacturers dramatically, to the benefit of consumers.

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Deaths per billion journeys

Bus: 4.3

Rail: 20

Van: 20

Car: 40

Foot: 40

Water: 90

Air: 117

Bicycle: 170

Motorcycle: 1640

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Deaths per billion hoursBus: 11.1

Rail: 30

Air: 30.8

Water: 50

Van: 60

Car: 130

Foot: 220

Bicycle: 550

Motorcycle: 4840

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Deaths per billion kilometres

Air: 0.05

Bus: 0.4

Rail: 0.6

Van: 1.2

Water: 2.6

Car: 3.1

Bicycle: 44.6

Foot: 54.2

Motorcycle: 108.9

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