Presentation 0419

8/8/2019 Presentation 0419

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Food Security Policies Formulation and Implementation

Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Explain the need for policies aimed at improving foodsecurity;

Describe the main features of food security policies; and

Acknowledge food security as a policy issue cuttingacross different sectors.


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INTRODUCTION

Many governments have setfood security objectives

within the framework of

national development policies

Hunger and malnutrition require specific policy actions


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Typical approaches to designing Food Security Policies (FSP):

Incorporating FSP issuesinto other national

development policies andstrategies.

Preparing a special FoodSecurity Policy document.

INTRODUCTION

Food Security

Policies

Food Security Policy


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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FOOD SECURITY POLICIES

Physical AVAILABILITY offood

Economic and physical ACCESS tofood

FoodUTILIZATION

STABILITY of the other three dimensions over time

Food Security

Food insecurityexists if even one

of these conditionsis not met.

Food Insecurity


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SUBJECTS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES

Appropriate policy measures to remedy differentFS problems should be defined.

INSUFFICIENT SUPPLIES

Problem

INSUFFICIENT ACCESS

INEFFECTIVE UTILIZATION

INSTABILITYOF FOOD SUPPLIES

Remedy

Increasing food supplies

Improving access

Improving utilization

Stabilizing food supplies


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Interactions between the different dimensions of FSneed to be considered when FSP are designed.

Interaction between different FS dimensions

Low levels ofagriculturalproduction limit food suppliesand also agricultural income,thus constraining access of farmhouseholds to sufficient food

and making them vulnerable totemporary food shortages.


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USES OF VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

FSPs that can be used to improve the 4 dimensions of FS:

Policies to increase food supplies(availability)

Policies to improve access to food poverty alleviation

Policies to improve utilization

Policies to ensure stability offood supplies



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Policies to increase food supplies(availability)

Sources of food supplies:

domestic food production; and food imports.

Food availability can be increased:

Increasing domestic food production; and

Facilitating food imports.


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Policies to improve access to food - poverty alleviation

Access refers to capacity of households and individuals toobtain the food they need.

FS and poverty alleviation policies willhave to focus on:

Agricultural development focusing on poor farmers

Employment and income generation

Public transfers / social safety nets


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Effective utilization = ability to utilize foodmaintaining its nutritive quality and making it

available to the consumer.

It can be inhibited by:

lack of knowledge about proper food preparation;

lack of knowledge about nutritional requirements; diseases and poor health; lack of hygiene, sanitation, safe drinking water.


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improving food preservation and

preparation technologies;

establishment of proper food standards;

improving public health;

provision of safe drinking water; improved sanitation; and

hygiene and nutrition education.



Policy measures to improve utilization:


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Instabilities in access and availabilitycan result from:

seasonal variations of food supplies;

annual variations of food supplies; and

acute shortages.


Policies to ensure stability of food supplies


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Relevant policy measures for

preventing temporary supplyshortfalls are related to

establishing a system of disaster

preparedness and response,

including a EWS and a set ofmeasures to ensure food stability.


Policies to ensure stability of food supplies


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Examples of twin-track- or multiple-track-approaches

POLICIES WITH MULTIPLE EFFECTS ON FOOD SECURITY

Agricultural development policies enhancing the productivity ofsmall and poor farmers -> increased food production and supplies;increased incomes and improved access to food; improved stability ofproduction and access.

Irrigation policies -> production/supplies, income/ access and stability.

Agricultural marketing policies -> food production and supplies; accessvia producer and consumer prices and incomes; stability of access andsupplies.

Policy measures to improve rural infrastructure -> access, supply,stability, and utilization.

Policy measures serving more than one foodsecurity objective are called twin-track- ormultiple-track-approaches.


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POLICIES WITH MULTIPLE EFFECTS ON FOOD SECURITY

Multiple effects of policy measures in differentpolicy spheres:

affectingFOOD

AVAILABILITY

affectingSTABILITY

affectingACCESS

affectingUTILIZATION& NUTRITION

Agriculturaldevelopment

Water and sanitation

Food stocks

Rural infrastructure

Resource conservation

Food processing& preservation,

Food safety

Education

Health &nutrition

Rural finance

Foodmarketing

Irrigation

Land tenure

POLICIESregarding

Food importsFood aiddeliveries

Relieffoodassistance

Feedingprogrammes

Safety nets

Employment

Formal

Informal Urban

Rural

Public employmentschemes


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LINKAGES TO OTHER POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PROGRAMMES

This, in order to: know to what extent FSconcerns are already addressedin relevant policies and

strategies; identify policy gaps still to be filled.

In designing food security policies, it is necessary toreview other existing policies that are relevant for FS.


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AgriculturalPolicies(e.g. Agric.

Sector Strategy,Irrigation, Seed

& SubsidyPolicy)

PovertyReductionStrategy(PRSP)

Emergencypreparedness& response

(DisasterManagement,Food Aid)

Social SectorPolicies

(e.g. HIV/AIDS,Health, NutritionPension scheme)

MillenniumDevelopment

Goals

SADC

Policies

NEPAD

Policies &Programmes

RegionalDonor

Programmes& Policies


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Significant impact on

Macro- / sector policy: Access Availability Stability Utilization

Agricultural development,general

Agricultural marketing

Education

Emergency preparednessandmanagement

Employment and incomegeneration

Food aid

Food prices

Food safety

When a macro- or sector policy is likely to have asignificant impact?


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Agricultural development,general

1 2 3

Agricultural marketing 4 5 6

Education 7 8

Emergency preparednessandmanagement

9

Employment and incomegeneration

10

Food aid 11 12 13

Food prices 14 15 16

Food safety 17

When a macro- or sector policy is likely to have asignificant impact?


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Food stocks / food reserves

Foreign trade / food imports

Health & Nutrition

Input subsidies

Irrigation

Natural resource conservation

Poverty reduction

Rural infrastructure

Social protection / safety net

Water & sanitation


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Food stocks / food reserves 18 19

Foreign trade / food imports 20 21

Health & Nutrition 22

Input subsidies 23 24 25 26

Irrigation 27 28 29

Natural resource conservation 30 31 32

Poverty reduction 33

Rural infrastructure 34 35 36

Social protection / safety net 37 38

Water & sanitation 39


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SUMMARY

There are two typical approaches to designing food security policies:

preparing a special Food Security Policy document; or

incorporating food security policy issues into other national development policies andstrategies.

Food security policies have to address those conditions for food security that are not

(yet) fulfilled. They can be designed to:

increase food supplies (availability);

improve access to food poverty alleviation;

improve utilization; or

ensure stability of food supplies.

Policy measures serving more than one food security objective are called twin-track- or multiple-track-approaches.

In designing food security policies, it is necessary to review other existing policies thatare relevant for food security, in order to identify policy gaps still to be filled.

Presentation 0419

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