presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
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Transcript of presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
Higher Education and Research Funding: Some trends and their impact on the university
Frans van Vught(with some help by Ben Jongbloed)
Conference"De toekomst van de financiering van de wetenschap“ June 4, 2013
Contents
1. Resources for HE and R&D2. HE and R&D system performance3. HE funding: models, trends & goals4. Lessons learned
Expenditure on education core services, R&D and ancillary services in tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2009)
Source: OECD (2012)
Expenditure on tertiary education institutions as % of GDP
1995, 2000, 2005, 2009
Source: OECD (2012)
R&D spending by country, 2012
Netherlands • $13.7B Gross Expenditure on R&D 2012 • #17 globally • 1.9% of GDP spent on R&D
R&D spending as % of GDP, 2000-2010
Sweden
DKDE
BNLUK
EUavg
Source: OECD. MSTI
Denmark
Sweden
Switzerla
nd
Finland
Netherla
nds
Austria
Canada
Australia
Portugal
Israel
Norway
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Ireland
Belgium
United State
sJapan
Korea
Czech
RepSpain
Italy
EU 27OECD
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Higher Education R&D as a % of GDP (2011 or latest available year)
Source: OECD, MSTI
Population that has attained tertiary education (2010)Percentage, by age group
Source: OECD (2012)
The U21 Ranking of National Higher Education Systems 2012
The position of a system is measured by variables under four main headings:
(a) Resources, (b) Regulatory Environment, (c) International Connectivity and (d) Output.
source: University of Melbourne, 2013
Publications per 100 (fte) researchers, 2010
Source: VSNU
Share (%) of international co-publications (left axis)
Impact score (right axis)
In terms of resources and performance, the picture for Dutch HE & R&D looks pretty good
but…
…effects of financial crisis still to come that may impact on the level of funding
and…
…changes taking place in the composition and method of funding
The story so far….
Graph 3: Four funding systems centralised (regulated) approaches
Q1
Q2
input outcome
orientation orientation
Q4
Q3
decentralised (market) approaches
The changing funding context
Funding sources of the 200 most research-intense universities in Europe
Gov’t: most important
(57%)
Industry: 6%
Non-profit org: 3%
(source: De Dominicis, 2011)
International policy-focus on HE system structures and institutional profiles
Germany Excellence Initiative (2006)
France Poles de Recherche et d’Enseignement Supérieur (2008)
Wales Sector restructuring (2011)
Ireland Structural system change (2012)
Denmark Mergers (2007)
Finland Mergers (2010)
Australia Categorisation of provider types (2011)
US States Profile funding models (2010)
The Netherlands
Performance contracts (2012)
All of this to:
• allow room for diversification of institutional missions, incorporating “3rd mission”
• increase networking and enhancing the role of universities in innovation-driven economic growth
• create critical mass and specialisation / profiling
• encourage collaboration and partnership
Two main types of funding
DNKIS
RNZL
AUT (2...
DEUCHE
NLDNO
RCZE
CANPO
LIR
LAUS
BELKO
R0
20
40
60
80
100
Government funded, institution-based Government funded, project-based%
Government funding of R&D in HE by type of funding, 2008
The trend internationally is towards a greater emphasis on competitive mechanisms, both in institutional and in project funding modes. Reflecting that:
• Research excellence is driven by competition• Research excellence drives innovation• Cross-cutting, collaborative research networks are
critical to innovation
International trend: competitive funding
• Internationalisation is a key aspect of success in research
• Articles that have co-authors residing in more than one country are more highly cited!• NL-based researchers’ ability to move internationally
and to collaborate with non NL researchers are key drivers of the NL’s leading global position in terms of research impact
• The Dutch universities are clearly internationally focused• 45% of Dutch PhD students are non-NL nationals.• 25% of all Dutch research staff are non-NL nationals
Some facts and lessons (pt.1)
• It’s all about linkages and openness• stimulated by EU2020, EU-project funds• Open Access, Open Courseware and Open Data
Storage • In NL: PPPs, Topsector policy, Centres of Excellence
in hogescholen
• The university is transforming into a network university• Consortia, mergers, alliances • Leiden Delft Erasmus alliance
Some facts and lessons (pt. 2)
Internationalco-publicationsNational co-publicationsOne address
Publication-output per university, by collaboration type 2007-2010
Leiden Ranking of University-Industry Research Collaboration
(in brackets: position worldwide in UIRC ranking)
Connected, innovation-oriented universities
• Connections provide …• Resources and higher impact• New research perspectives and research agenda
• Combine Exploration and Exploitation• Strengthen teaching and student experience• Respond to innovation-oriented policies &
programmes (EU-‘Grand Challenges’, Topsectors)• Seize opportunities in emerging scientific fields
(bio, nano, ict, …)
Universities increasingly are hybrid organisations:
Non profit & Entrepreneurial
Funding of Research: three ingredients
1. stable, core institutional funding ensuring scientific autonomy and a broad coverage of disciplines;
2. a competitive element, providing ex post rewards for good research performance and ex ante budgets based on agreed objectives; and
3. an ‘innovation’-oriented component, to pre-finance new cutting-edge and/or explorative research developments;
Impact on the (Erasmus) university
• Dealing with multiple funding streams• Dealing with multiple stakeholders• Need for strategic research management– Focus on profile– Risk of ‘mission overload’
• Need to adopt a structured approach to stakeholder management– Connectivity (collaboration & internationalisation)
is key