Lucía Flores Mangut

Nair Ferreira Durán 2ºA

-Energy Definition-Types of Energy-Energy Sources-Renewable and Non- Renewable Energy Sources.-Environmental Impact-Energy Power Stations

Energy

Energy is the capacity of doing a work.

Units of energy

The International System(IS) measured in Joules(J), Kilojoules(KJ) are used to express larger quantities of energy.

1KJ=1000JCalories are often used to measured heat energy,

Kilocalories are used to express larger cuantities of heat.1Kcal= 1000cal

1cal=4.18J

TYPES OF ENERGY

Thermal energy: Its the energy produced by the temperature of the objects.

This is a example of ocean temperature of water.

Nuclear energy: It,s the energy produced by atoms

Chemical energy: Is the energy produced by the stored of substances by chemical processes.

Electrical energy: energy that is associated with the electricity, when they`re connected to a supply of electricity.

Electromagnetic: It´s the energy produced by the electromagnetic fenomena.

Sound energy: Its the energy produced by the vibrations produced by the sound.

Mechanical Energy:

-Kinetic energy: is the energy produced by the movement.

-Potential energy: is the energy relationated with the heigh, and when the object fall it produced

kinetic energy.

ENERGY SOURCESThe energy sources are the resources were we obtain energy.There are two types of Energy sources, non reneweable and

renewable energy sources. : -Non-reneweable energy sources:

NuclearCoal

CarbonPetroleum

Natural GasRadioactive Material

-Reneweable energy sources:Hydraulic

SolarWind

MarineGeothermal

Non-reneweable energy sources.NUCLEAR: Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleic of atoms.

-Production:There are two kinds of produccion of nuclear energy:

Nuclear fusion: This ocurs when two light nucleic join to form a heavier nucleus.

Nuclear fission: This ocurs when a heavy nucleus is split into two light nucleus. Its the opposite of nuclear fusion.

-Transformation:The nuclear energy is transformed in Nuclear power stations:

It is transformed by the rection heats water, it is converted into steams that move the turbines of a generator and

produce energy.

COAL: The coal is a energy source from the remains of plants that were fossilised in absence of oxygen. Actually it is use to

generate electricity in power stations, for central heating systems, to pitch anda tar and for cook.

-Extraction:Open cast mines: When the coal is close to the surface the

soil is remove to expose it.Undergrounds mines: When the coal is so far to the surface

they make mines wich consists of tunnels that provide ventilation to prevents accidents.

-Transport:By land: normally by train because they can carry very large

loads.By sea: in enormus ships that weigh up more or less 500 000t.

By road: usually use only for local transport.

PETROLEUM: The petroleum ocurs by the burning of the remains of plants and animals that have descomposed by bacteria.

Extraction:First they locallized where is the petroleum and it is extracted from

the oil rig using pumps. This petroleum isn't purified because it have salt water, rocks, mud, so then it is purified.

Storage:Before transport the petroleum it's stored in containers that could

be:-Oil tankers, are merchants ships designed for the transportation

of petroleum. They usually are larges ships.-Oil pipelines, are enormus steel pipes. They are usually used for transportation over land.

Uses of PetroleumDeriative Uses Examples

Fuel oil To produced electricity or heating.

Liquid fuels Heat engines Petrol/Diesel

Liquefied gases Fuel Butane and Methane.

Light components Lubricant, for making cream.

Vaseline

Heavy components To make things waterproof

Tar

NATURAL GAS: Natural gas is a mixture of gases from descompose living beings. It has more than a 70% of

Methane, a 20% of Carbon Dioxide and a 10% of other hydrocarbons.

Extraction:It's extracted by driling and it is so expensive.

Storage and transport:

-Reneweable E.S:Hydraulic

SolarWind

MarineGeothermal

The reneweable energy sources are sources that don't finish, sources that came from unlimited natural resources.

Hydraulic: It is produced by the movement of water, the advantages are that it's clean, cheap and non-polluted and

the disadvantages building power stations is expensive, reservoirs take place of productive land, if a dam breaks it

could be a catastrophe and reservoirs can spoil the landscape.

Solar energy: It is produced by the light from the sun, the advantages are that it's clean, is not necesary to built big powers stations and it's unlimithed and the disadvantages

are that sunlight depends on the season and solar panel are expensives.

Wind energy: Energy produce by the wind, when it moves blades. The advantages are that is not polluted and unlimited and the cost of a wind farm is low and the disadvantages are

that is also a variable source of energy, like solar energy, wind turbines are hazard for birds and wind turbines produce noise

pollution.

Marine energy: It is related with the sea, it can be, tidal energy(extracted from the tides), wave energy(obtain from the

sea waves) and ocean thermal energy(produce by the difference of temperature between the surface of the ocean to

the deep part.

Geothermal energy: Energy related with the heat stored in the Earth's crust. It can produce heat or electricity, heat if the

temperature is below 150ºC and electricity if it is above 150ºC

Biomass: Energy produce by plants remains and agriculture waste, for example sunflowers.

Environmental impact

Environmental impact is defined as the effect of a certain action on the environment in its various aspects.

types:-Most of the energy used in different countries comes from

oil and natural gas. Oil spills in seas, rivers and lakes produce environmental pollution: damage to marine life

and birds, vegetation and water. In addition, harm fisheries and recreational beaches.

-Other alternative energy sources is developed that generates radioactive waste or radioactive contaminants

many, from nuclear reactions or radioactive mineral deposits of the plants where they are refined or processed

these minerals.

-Another is the noise impacts, as the noise produced by the industry, reduces the hearing and may affect the

circulatory system.-The mining and mineral processing often produce

negative environmental impacts on air, soil, water, crops, flora and fauna, and human health. Also can impact both positively and negatively, in several aspects of the local

economy such as tourism, establishment of new populations

- Another impact is the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, which are causing climate change.