2/6/2014 Present Perfect tense* Usage of Rules* Vartman Purn Kaal ka niyam aur prayog

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Present Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has just been happened or completed at the moment of speaking. Present + Perfect meanscompletion of action in present, in other words action has just happened.

Hindi main Present Perfect Tense ki pehchaan – Vakya kay ant main ‘aaya hai’ gaya hai’ ‘gayee hai’ ‘liya hai’ ‘chuka hai’‘chuki hai’ ‘chukay hai’ aadi ka prayog hota hai. Action jo abhi haal hi main ghata ho ya pura hua ho, Present perfect tensekay antargat aata hai. Present + Perfect - vartmaan + purn arthaat kriya ka vartmaan main purn hona, doosray shabdo mainkarya abhi haal hi main sampann hua hai.

Present Perfect Tense - Positive

Present Perfect Tense - Positive

Type of Sentence Rule

Positive Subject + Has/Have + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)

In Present Perfect Tense, 'has/have' and 3rd form of Verb is used. 'Has' is used only when subject is third person-singular. In all othercases, 'Have' is used in Present Perfect Tense.

Present Perfect Tense main 'have/have' aur verb kee 3rd form ka prayog hota hai. 'Has' ka prayog third person-singular kaysaath hota hai aur baaki sab kay saath 'have' ka prayog hota hai.

Present Perfect Tense - Positive Mainay nayee car khareed lee hai.

Person Subject Has/Have + Verb (3rd Form) Object

Ist person I have bought a new car.

Ist Person -Plural We have bought a new car.

2nd Person You have bought a new car.

3rd Person -Singular He/She/It/Ram/Seema has bought a new car.

3rd Person -Plural They/boys have bought a new car.

2/6/2014 Present Perfect tense* Usage of Rules* Vartman Purn Kaal ka niyam aur prayog

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Present Perfect Tense - Negative

Present Perfect Tense - Negative

Type of Sentence Rule

Negative Subject + Has/Have + Not + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)

In Negative sentence, 'Not' is added after helping verb-Has/Have and before '3rd form of Verb'.

Iskay Negative vakya main 'Not' ko helping verb-Has/Have kay baad aur verb kee third form sey pehlay lagatay hai.

Present Perfect Tense - Negative Usnay mera kaam khatam nahi kiya hai.

Person Subject Has/Have + Not + Verb(3rd Form) Subject

Ist person I have not finished my work.

Ist Person -Plural We have not finished my work.

2nd Person You have not finished my work.

3rd Person -Singular He/She/It/Ram/Seema has not finished my work.

3rd Person -Plural They/boys have not finished my work.

Present Perfect Tense - Interrogative And Interrogative & Negative

Present Perfect Tense - Interrogative And Interrogative & Negative

Type of Sentence Rule

2/6/2014 Present Perfect tense* Usage of Rules* Vartman Purn Kaal ka niyam aur prayog

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Interrogative Has/Have + Subject + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (?)

Interrogative & Negative Has/Have + Subject + Not + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (?)

Present Perfect Interrogative sentence starts with 'Has/Have'. Question Mark (?) is affixed at the end of sentence in place of Full Stop(.). In Interrogative and Negative Sentence, 'not' is added just before 'verb(3rd Form)'

Present Perfect Interrogative vakya 'Has/Have' sey shuru hota hai. Negative vakyo main 'verb (3rd form)' sey pehlay 'not'lagatay hai. Vakya kay ant main full stop (.) kay sthan par prashnavachak chinh (?) lagaya jata hai.

Present Perfect Tense - Interrogative Kya vaha subah so chuki hai?

Person Has/Have Subject Verb (3st form) Object

Ist person Have I slept in the morning?

Ist Person -Plural Have we slept in the morning?

2nd Person Have you slept in the morning?

3rd Person -Singular Has he/she/it/Ram slept in the morning?

3rd Person -Plural Have they/boys slept in the morning?

Present Perfect Tense - Interrogative & Negative Kya tumnay usay fatkaar nahi lagayee hai?

Person Has/Have Subject Not + Verb (3rd form) Object

Ist person Have I not rebuked him?

Ist Person -Plural Have we not rebuked him?

2nd Person Have you not rebuked him?

3rd Person -Singular Has he/she/it/Ram not rebuked him?

3rd Person -Plural Have they/boys not rebuked him?

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In Interrogative & Negative sentences, 'Not' is written after Subject but before Verb i.e. Have I not informed you earlier?. However, whenwe are to write in short form, we can write like this - Haven't I informed you earlier?

Iskay Nakaratmak aur Prashanvachak vakyo main, 'Not' ka prayog subject kay baad parantu verb sey pehlay aata hai jaisay- Has he not gone to school? Jab hum short form main likhtay hai to is prakaar bhi likh saktay hai - Hasn't he gone toschool?.

Characteristic of this tense is that work has already been completed but we feel impact of that in present time or we say somethingabout completed work e.g. He has taken his share.

Is Tense ki visheshta yaha hai ki ismay karya to purn ho chuka hota hai lekin us karya ka prabhav vartmaan main mehsooskartay hai ya uskay sambandh main kuchh kehtay hai - jaisay - Vaha match jeet chuka hai (isliye ab vaha khush hai).

The exact time when the action happened, is not given in the sentence. If time is given in the sentence, then it will not remain PresentPerfect Tense and it will become Past Indefinite Tense e.g. I have taken my meal - Present Perfect Tense. After mentioning time 'at3pm' if we write 'I have taken my meal at 3pm' is incorrect. When time comes in the sentence it becomes Past Indefinite and it will bewritten as - I took my meal at 3pm (we shall learn later about Past Indefinite Tense)

Is Tense kay vakyo main karya ghatit honay ka samay nahi diya hota hai. Agar vakya main samay diya ho, to vaha Present

Perfect Tense nahi rehta bulki vaha Past Indefinite ban jaata hai jaisay - Mainay khana kha liya hai - Present Perfect Tensehai. Ismay samay jodnay kay baad ' Mainay teen bajay khana kha liya hai' - vakya Past Indefinite ban gaya (iskay baaraymain aagay padhengay)

Adverbs of Past Time e.g. last night/year/month/week, ago, short while ago, yesterday, day before yesterday does not come in PresentPerfect Tense.

Certain indicator words may come in between sentence e.g. "just, yet, so far, upto now, recently, etc" which shows that it is pastindefinite, but they are present perfect tense.

In present perfect tense, use of continuous time may also come – means some work started in past and continues upto present like –for few days, for ten days, since Wednesday, since 2011. In such cases, ‘for’ is used for uncertain period and ‘since’ is used forcertain period.

Present Perfect Tense is used for an action started in past and still continuing like - Mandeep has worked in our factory for five years.In this example, Mandeep is still working in the factory. If now Mandeep is not working, then correct sentence would be - Mandeepworked in our factory for five years. (means now he is not working in the factory)

In conversation, for past action, normally Present Perfect Tense is used i.e. Where have you been? I have been to Lotus Temple.

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Past Time kay adverb e.g. Pichhli(pichhlay) raat/saal/mahinay/saptah, pehlay, kal, parso (last night/year/month/week, ago,short while ago, yesterday, day before yesterday) Present Perfect Tense main nahi aatay hai.

Vakya main kuch shabd – “abhi, ab tak, tub se, tab tak" ka prayog hota hai. Dekhnay main past indefinite kay vakya lagtayhai, kintu vaha present perfect kay vakya hotay hai jaisay – vaha abhi tak nahi aaya.

Bhootkaal main shuru hui kriya abhi bhi shuru hai - isko vyakt karnay kay liye bhi Present Perfect Tense ka prayog hotahai. Jaisay -Mandeep ko hamari factory main kaam kartay huay 5 saal ho gaye hai. Iska matlab vah abhi bhi kaam karraha hai. Agar vaha ab kaam nahi karta to Present Perfect Tense ka prayog nahi hoga aur vakya banega - Mandeep nayhamari factory main 5 saal kaam kiya (ab nahi karta hai).

Present perfect tense kay vakyo main lagataar samay ka prayog aa sakta hai. Yaani koi karya bhootkaal sey shuru hokarvartmaan tak hota rahey jaisay – kuch dino sey, dus din sey, budhwar sey, 2011 sey. Aisey cases main, ‘for’ ka prayog

anischit samay kay liye kiya jata hai aur ‘since’ ka prayog nischit samay kay liye prayog kiya jata hai.

Kisi past action kay liye baatcheet main normally Present Perfect tense istemaal kiya jaata hai - Tum kaha gaye thay? MainLotus Temple gaya tha. Yaha vakya jab saamnay wala vyakti abhi hokar hee aaya tha tab Present Perfect Tense mainayega. Agar saamnay wala vyakti past main kuchh ghanto ya dino pehlay hokar aaya ho tab Present Perfect Tense kaprayog nahi hoga.

Sentence Vakya

I have just come. Main bus abhi aaya hoon.

Has he not returned your money as yet? Kya usnay tumhara paisa abhi tak vapas nahi kiya?

He has not completed the job so far. Usnay ab tak kaam pura nahi kiya hai.

Doctor has not reached hospital as yet. Doctor abhi tak hospital nahi pahuncha hai.

I have not bathed since Monday. Main Somvaar sey nahi nahaya hoon.

She has not met me for last two months.

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Vaha mujhay do mahinay sey nahi mili hai.

We have lived in this city for one year. Hum is shahar main ek varsh rah chukay hai.

Have you known me since 2006? Kya tum mujhay 2006 sey jan gaye ho.

Rohit has not gone to office since Wednesday. Rohit Budhvaar sey office nahi gaya hai.

She has worked in our office for few months. Vaha kuchh mahinay hamaray office main kaam karchuki hai.

Have I cheated him? Kya mainay usay dhokha diya hai?

He has not taken all precautions. Usnay puri savdhaani nahi barti hai.

Has any judge given sentence to death to any rapist? Kya kisi judge nay kisi balaatkari ko maut ki sajaasunaayee hai?

Children have now disclosed all the old secrets oftheir childhood.

Bachho nay ab apnay bachpan kay puranay saaray raajkhol diye hai.

She has come to see only me & my wife. Vaha kewal mujhay aur meri patni sey milnay aayee hai.

The king has distributed all his wealth among poorpeople.

Raja nay apna saara dhan garibo main baant diya hai.

Has the king now become a poor man? Kya ab Raja ek gareeb aadmi ban gaya hai?

Master knowledge of Tense by viewing a sentence in all Tenses with their Rule and Brief explanationsin Hindi & English in VIEW A SENTENCE IN ANY TYPE OF TENSE