PRESCHOOL PHYSICAL AND MOTOR DEV

Chapter 10

PHYSICAL GROWTH

• RELATIVELY SLOW COMPARED TO INFANCY

• STEADY INCREASES IN HEIGHT, WEIGHT, COORDINATION– CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN HEIGHT/WEIGHT

• CENTER OF GRAVITY GETS LOWER SO PHYSICAL MOVEMENT BECOMES EASIER

GROSS MOTOR DEV

• LARGE MUSCLES IN ARMS, LEGS &STRENGTH AND STAMINA

• SEE CHART P. 198 (practice, diagnosis)• GRADUAL REFINEMENT OF ABILITIES,

SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF SKILLS• KIDS NEED DAILY PRACTICE INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE TO DEVELOP UPPER/LOWER BODY

CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY LEVEL

• ACTIVITY LEVELS TAPER OFF BETWEEN 2-5 YEARS

• BOYS ARE USUALLY MORE ACTIVE THAN GIRLS

• CULTURE/GENETICS AFFECT ACTIVITY LEVELS

• HEALTH/NUTRITION AFFECT ACTIVITY LEVELS

• STORY P. 195

MOVEMENT AND CULTURE

• PLAY IS THE WORK OF THE CHILD

• KIDS OF EVERY CULTURE PLAY WHEN GIVEN THE CHANCE

• WE MUST GIVE KIDS DAILY VARIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROSS AND FINE MOTOR PLAY

GREAT BOOK

• PLACES FOR CHILDHOODS: MAKING QUALITY HAPPEN IN THE REAL WORLD’ BY JIM GREENMAN

• ISBN 0-942702-25-5

UNIVERSAL GROSS MOTOR ACTIVITIES

• RUNNING AND WALKING

• CLIMBING AND JUMPING

• CATCHING AND THROWING

• BALANCING

• ROUGH AND TUMBLE

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• COORDINATION OF MUSCLES IN ARMS, HANDS, FINGERS

• SEE CHART P. 206• PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR DEV. INTEGRATING

PERCEPTION AND MOVEMENT• ALLOWS FOR DEV OF SELF-HELP SKILLS

(AUTONOMY)

ARTISTIC DEV

• ART IS A UNIVERSAL EXPRESSION OF FINE MOTOR DEV.

• VARIES WITH CULTURE

• INCLUDES 3-D AND “PAPER” ARTS

TALKING TO KIDS ABOUT ART

• OBSERVE QUIETLY AND THOUGHTFULLY

• LET CHILD INITIATE A DISCUSSION• ASK A NEUTRAL, OPEN ENDED

QUESTON: “WOULD YOU LIKE TO TELL ME ABOUT YOUR PICTURE?”

DRAWING DEV

• SEE CHART P. 207

• SCRIBBLING STAGE

• PRESCHEMATIC STAGE

• SCHEMATIC STAGE

• DEV OF PRECEPTUAL, COGNITIVE, MOTOR SKILLS

• PRECEEDS WRITING

REGGIO EMILIA

• ART IS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED IN INTEGRATED PROJECTS

• LEARNING IS COLLABORATIVE BETWEEN KIDS, TEACHERS, PARENTS

• PROJECTS ARE LARGE IN TIME AND SPACE• TRAINED ART TEACHER AT EACH SITE• PROJECTS ARE DOCUMENTED

GENDER AND MOTOR DEV

• LITTLE RESEARCH OUTSIDE WHITE, MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES

• BOYS GAIN MUSCLE MASS FASTER AND ARE STRONGER

• BOYS GENERALLY TAKE MORE RISKS AND ARE MORE ACTIVE

DEV LIFE SKILLS

• KIDS GAIN AUTONOMY BY DEV CARE OF SELF AND HOUSEHOLD SKILLS

• MONTESSORI EDUCATIONAL METHODS

PHYSICAL CHALLENGES

• NEUROLOGICAL AND PERCEPTUAL– CP– DOWN SYNDROME– UNSPECIFIED GENERAL DELAY– VISUAL AND HEARING

LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

• ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS (ADA) REQUIRE REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS TO INCLUDE CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN YOUR PROGRAM

• SEE PP 214-215 FOR COMMON ACCOMMODATIONS

ADD/ADHD

• ACTIVE, IMPULSIVE, DISTRACTED

• MOST EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS COMBINE DRUGS AND THERAPY

• SEE P 217 FOR INTERVENTIONS

MALNUTRITION

• APATHETICL, LISTLESS, INACTIVE

• NUMBERS ARE GROWING IN US

• OFTEN DUE TO POOR DIET, NOT BECAUSE OF SEVERE LACK OF FOOD

• FAST FOODS

• PROCESSED FOODS