Ch 8-Journey

ObjectivesPhysical CharacteristicsDevelopmental MilestonesNutritionSleep and RestPlaySafetyHealth Promotion

Physical CharacteristicsHeight – 2.5-3”/ yearWeight-5-7 lbs/yearMore slender

appearanceExtremities grow

faster than the trunk.Rapid growth of

muscles=about 75% of weight gain.

More erect posture, less clumsy.

Physical (con’t)Dental Dental Visit

May develop dental decay and plaque buildup

Daily brushing and flossing as well as visits to the dentist q6months

Good nutrition, low carb snacks o help prevent tooth decay.

Sensory DevelopmentEyes and ears Signs of ear infection

Vision improves to 20/20Lack of depth perception

= clumsinessHearing is matureFrequent ear infections

Motor SkillsGross Dancing

Walking and running on tip toes

Hop and balance on one foot

TricycleCatch a ballJump and skip ropeSoccer, basket ball and

skatingImitate dance steps

Fine Motor SkillsSelf care activitiesDressingFeeding ToiletingButtons, zippers and

snapsFork and knifePour own drinksDraw and use

scissorsCopy letters

Sexual DevelopmentAware of genitals and

sexual identityMay become strongly

attached to the parent of the opposite sex

Curious about differences

Respond with simple explanations

Use correct termsMasturbation is

common

Psychosocial DevelopmentErikson-the child has

learned to trust and has developed a sense of independence.

Pretend, explore and try out new roles

Exploration as initiative

Good role modelsMust have the

freedom to explore

DisciplineSet limits to protect

childrenStrive to follow rulesDiscipline teaches

impulse controlPositive reinforcementDiscipline should be

short in durationTime out can be useful

Psychosocial Development Con’tSibling rivalry1. Allow children to resolve

themselves2. Do not place blame3. Have them suggest

resolutions

Divorce1. Parents resolve their

conflicts and spare the child2. Have child feel loved and

protected3. Child should feel that they

have their own space in both homes

Psychosocial DevelopmentPreschool Preschool

Preschool educationPromotes cognitive,

moral and social development

FriendshipsChild should not be

forcedShould be a clean

environment that allows for exploration and play

CognitivePiaget-

PreoperationalDevelopment of

language and memory

General conceptsHighly creativeMagical thinkingLonger attention

spans

Moral DevelopmentKohlberg-

preconventional stage of moral development

Model and imitate adult behaviors

Begin to develop a conscience

Values and beliefsBegin to realize that

lying is a bad thing to do

NutritionCanada’s food guide1800 calories a day3 snacks and 3 mealsFood habits of peers Milk is still importantGood food choicesMealtimes are

important time with family

Sleep and rest10-12 hours a nightSome naps- 30-60

minutesConsistent routinesNightmares

PlayCooperative or

associative playUnderstand rulesSharing Personalities emergeToys that involve

activityLook at me , watch meSeeking approvalTV-good social

relationships and help imagination

SafetyLess likely to fallMore aware of

dangersClothingMVAOutdoor activitiesStranger danger

Heath PromotionImmunizationsHygiene practicesThumb suckingBedwettingFears

Summary pg 131PreschoolAges 3-6