Prepping the Garden for Winter, and Fall Garden Tasks · Winterize the Garden •Shut off water and...

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12/9/2016 1 Prepping the Garden for Winter, and Fall Garden Tasks Andy Waltke, M.S. Creighton University Common Soil Seed Library Lecture Series What to do in the Fall? Finish crop/herb harvests Take cuttings of any tender plants if desired Collect seeds/seed heads and store to dry Prune down perennials and garden plants Chop and drop Mulch areas with compost and straw Plant bulbs, perennial/grass seed, cover crops & seed garlic Create bird feeders for migrating/returning birds Turn off water/winterize garden

Transcript of Prepping the Garden for Winter, and Fall Garden Tasks · Winterize the Garden •Shut off water and...

Page 1: Prepping the Garden for Winter, and Fall Garden Tasks · Winterize the Garden •Shut off water and insulate the pipe from freezing •Secure any garden structures that may buckle

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Prepping the Garden for Winter, and Fall Garden Tasks

Andy Waltke, M.S.

Creighton University

Common Soil Seed Library Lecture Series

What to do in the Fall?• Finish crop/herb harvests

• Take cuttings of any tender plants if desired

• Collect seeds/seed heads and store to dry

• Prune down perennials and garden plants• Chop and drop

• Mulch areas with compost and straw

• Plant bulbs, perennial/grass seed, cover crops & seed garlic

• Create bird feeders for migrating/returning birds

• Turn off water/winterize garden

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Setting up for Spring

• Fall is the time of harvest, but also the time for renewal and regeneration through decomposition

• You want to create little to no waste and utilize the nutrients in the system to setup the garden for the following season

• This primarily involves pruning, composting, and mulching

Harvest Crops and Herbs

• Remove from your plants what you want:• Finish harvests for all plants• Save seeds/cuttings from plants

• Cut down all green growth and let decay in growing area or use in compost• Utilize as Green Manure

• Either way the nutrients in the live plants are put where they can decompose

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ng Plant Cuttings

• Aka Cloning

• Rooting a stem piece

• Rosemary/lavendar/etc

Overwintering Plants

• Before fall frosts, dig up any tender perennial plants and repot them

• Bring the pots inside and place in a window

• Depending on the plant, will often prune the plant back hard

• Reduce watering in the winter, and the plant will enter a state of dormancy

• Then replant it outside in the spring again.

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Save Seed/Winter Processing• Once all fruits or flowers are harvested, save all the seeds you want from your garden

• It is easiest to remove the entire pod or seed structure then keep them in paper bags to dry for many weeks

• Accumulate seed and keep these in your basement or a dark, dry location

• Then process and clean them over the winter months!

Prune Perennial Plants

• For perennial flowers and grasses, you will cut down the green material to about 4‐5 inches above the ground

• Use all this plant material as compost or mulch

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Chop & Drop:  What Not to Use?

• Cut down a plant then place it on the ground around the base of where it grew

• This will double as green manure and mulch

• The freeze/thaw will break down plant material well over the winter season

• DO NOT use weeds or plants full of seed as they will regrow in place

• Hot compost the seeded plants to limit spread

Continue Composting

• Finished compost is dark in color

• Separate out finished compost to top dress, then add all the new garden cuttings to the pile

• Mix with ripped up cardboard

• Sift out worms and start a worm bin to keep their population alive throughout  the 

winter months

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DIY Worm Bins for Your House

• Many designs to be found online

• If composting properly, they do not smell and the worms will eat half their weight in fresh scraps each day!

• Overwinters worms                                                   for outside bins

Composting Bins

Manufactured Tumblers

Wooden BinsCedar Wood orPallet Construction

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Top Dress Growing Areas

• Separate any compost that had completed breakdown over the growing season

• Spread a thin layer evenly over the growing areas

• Add more where larger plants grew – to replenish resources

• Compost will help to establish sustainable nutrient levels in growing spaces

ulches to Use

• There are many materials to use beyond wood chips such as straw, rocks, gravel, newspaper, etc.

• Avoid dyed mulches

• Be sure to use straw and not hay!

• Mulch will suppress weeds, and aid in water/nutrient retention

• Use straw to help thermally protect bulbs or perennial garden beds

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Leaf Mold• The best action is to use a lawn mower to mulch leaves as they fall

• You can also collect them in chicken wire bins to create a mulch that is supreme at weed suppression!

• Create piles and let it rot!

Mulch in the No Till Garden

• Limited to no digging in the garden

• Instead layers of natural mulches are used to suppress weeds and keep the natural soil strata in place

• Added over the                                                              season 

• Add a heaping layerin the fall!

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What to Plant in the Fall?

• Bulbs

• Perennial Flowers

• Perennial Grasses

• Cover Crops

• Seed Garlic

lanting Bulbs

• Bulbs that are not  pointed you will plant on their side,  so water 

doesn’t  collect in them

• Most lilies or larger bulbs are this way 

• Most are planted 4‐6” deep

• Very reliable growers!

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Crocus

• Source of saffron, most expensive spice in world

• Fall blooming and spring blooming

• Only 5‐6 inches tall

Perennials• The seeds of perennial plants have adapted to need a period of cold temps for germination• Cold Stratification

• Therefore, the easiest way to grow perennials is to plant blocks of their seed in the fall months

• These will emerge and geminate very easily in the spring, especially the grasses

• This will suppress weeds emerging and is much less time consuming then transplanting small plants in the spring!

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Planting Seed Garlic• Do not use store bought garlic but you can purchase seed garlic

• Each clove will become a new head of garlic

• Plant in the fall and it will be ready to harvest next season

• Space 4‐6 inches apart and plant 2 inches deep

Cover Crops

• Retain top soil in place and are often low growing plants

• Many are in the bean family so will fix nitrogen from the air into a usable form 

• These may be grown in the time between crops or overwintering

• Some grasses are grown to uptake excess nitrogen in soil if it was overfertilized

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Annual Cover Crops• Between crops during the warm season you may plant a cover crop to retain soil

‐ Buckwheat or Vetch 

• In fall after harvest, plant                             cover crops that will emerge early in spring to activate soil before the growing season• Clover or Winter Rye

Cover Crop Examples

Annual Rye GrassWhite Clover

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Add Bird Feeders

• Some birds will overwinter in our area and others will pass through migrating south for the season

• It is a great help to nature to install birdhouses, birdfeeders, and birdbaths in your yard

• During the growing season they are great at eliminating insects and plant pests

Amazing World of Fungi

• Almost all plants will grow in combination with fungi and those in turn will link plants or plant communities together!

• How plants communicate with one another

• Often the vehicle to deliver compounds between two different plants

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Capabilities of Fungi

• Remediate any form of toxicity from heavy metals to oil spills, and can tailor a fungus to a specific contaminant

• Kill or deactivate any form of disease or cancer

• Nutritious and easy to cultivate

• Perform the vast majority of soil mineralization and are the center of soil food webs

Step by Step Growth

• You can buy spawn or spores of various different edible and medicinal mushrooms

• To grow you simply provide it with new substrates and larger containers to grow in

• The progression is small plates, then jars of grain, then 5 lb bags of sawdust.

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Start Growing in Winter

• You can grow out samples of fungi into bags of spawn over the winter months

• You want to “plant” the fungus in the spring time after the danger of frost

• Therefore, you can begin replicating jars and bags to build up stock to utilize outside 

• Research the process, or just buy bags of spawn online and plant them in your yard!

Making Mushroom Garden Beds

• Many species grow on wood, so you can create garden beds that will grow mushrooms

• Add cardboard below

• Layer mulch and straw with sawdust spawn

• Build in shade where you usually do not want to garden

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Winterize the Garden

• Shut off water and insulate the pipe from freezing

• Secure any garden structures that may buckle or fall under wind or weight of snow

• Begin cleaning and saving seed once all the outside tasks are complete

• And begin research and planning for next year!

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Online Resources• Many sites with info on fall garden tasks

• Baker Creek Seeds for Garlic

• Old House Gardens for Heirloom Bulbs

• Research the work of Paul Stamets

• Mushroom Info: http://www.mykoweb.com/articles/cultivation.html

• November Lecture:  Medicinal and Alternative Uses for Plants!