Preparing Online Materials: Understanding Foundations of Online Learning
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Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia
Preparing Online MaterialsUnderstanding foundations of online learningSanjaya MishraDirector, Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia, new Delhi
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Overview eLearning or Online Learning Forms of eLearning Instructional Design for eLearning Designing Online Learning Environments Trends in Online Learning
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What is eLearning?
(Source: © Sharma & Mishra, 2007)
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Why eLearning is popular? Access to educational resources from
outside the institution; Quick and easy way to create, update
and revise course materials; Increased interaction with student
through e-mail and discussion forums; Location and time independent
delivery of course materials; Multimedia capabilities enabling
instructional designers to prepare quality learning materials;
Interactive and dynamic learning experience through online assessment tools;
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Why eLearning is popular? Platform independent delivery,
accessible through any computer with a simple browser interface;
Increased learner control through hypertext based presentation of information;
Opportunities for international, cross-cultural and collaborative learning; and
Ability to serve a large number of students at a potentially reduced cost.
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Forms of eLearning
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
Web integrated in the classroom to supplement teaching
Web used in a mixed mode (as blended learning)
Web used independently as a stand alone system
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Instructional Design for eLearning
(Source: © Mishra, 2002)
Learning activities
Learner supportContent
Behaviourism Cognitivism
Constructivism
Participation in discussion forum
Email contact Reading of
lessons
• Learner guide• Mentor support• Online library• Social
interaction• Synchronous
chat -counselling
• Objective-based course units
• Self-assessment online
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ERIC-Model
CONSTRUCT EXPERIENCE
INTERACT REFLECT
Source: © Sharma & Mishra, 2007)
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Designing Online Learning Needs Analysis Learner Profile Organization Profile Development of a Blueprint Institutional preparation Learning material development Evaluation Promotion Maintenance and Updating
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Developing Online Learning ContentTypes of Contents Text, plain or formatted Hybrid text/graphics documents, such as
Adobe Acrobat Colour images, still and animated or
videos Sound 3-D models Interaction or simulation using
JavaScript, VB Script, ActiveX
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Developing Online Learning Content
Media Types Text Graphics/Images Audio and Video Animations and 3D
models
Tools/Formats Word processor, PDF, HTML
editor GIF, JPEG format image
documents using photo editors and graphic suits
MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 for Video and Mp3/Ogg Vorbis for audio most widely used format. These can be developed using digital video/audio capture tools
Flash animation, VRML
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Facilitating Online LearningCommunication Tools Electronic Mail Discussion Board Mailing List Chat Blogs Micro-blogging Wikis Social networking/bookmarking
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Delivering Online Learning Synchronous (eg. Delivered using video
conference tools) Asynchronous (mainly through use of
Learning Management Systems) Both synchronous and asynchronous Using hosted Services in any suitable
platform Innovative Practices
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Innovative Practice Example• SLM Development, 2008• Sanjaya Mishra trained
20 individuals to write self-learning materials
• Used weekly reading and GoogleGroup
• Wiki-based Tasks to develop SLM using wiki
• Learning contract, certification, online activities, visible outputs
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TRENDS IN ONLINE LEARNING
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Open Educational Resources Reuse Revise Remix Redistribute
– No permissions required– Released in open license
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Massive Open Online Courses Large enrolments Freely available, not
necessarily in open license
Online and required networked connections
Courses, meaning designed and delivered by teachers, in cohorts as opposed to OER
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Open Badges Identity management Authenticating learning and skills Banking of skills and display online
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Other Trends Learning Analytics Video Learning Social Media Mobile Devices
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Thank You